Mhumhi hofori kana inotyisa: mugari ane hunyanzvi uyo akatora glacier America.

Digital nhandaro ye giant wolf

mhumhi huru kana mhumhi yakaoma (canis dirus) yaive mhando ye canid yaigara muAmerican kondinendi panguva yekupera kwePleistocene -kubva kuNorth America kuenda kuArgentine Pampa- uye iyo yakaparara mushure mekupedzisira kwenguva yechando makore anenge 13.000 apfuura.

Kwenguva yakareba rave rine hukama nemhumhi grey kana mhumhi yakajairika (canis lupus), iyo yakagara nayo kwenguva yakareba, asi zvidzidzo zvemajini nhasi zvinosimbisa kuti marudzi akasiyana izvo zvakashanduka zvakasiyana. Nekudaro, mamwe dhata pamusoro pekwakabva uye kutsakatika hakuna mhedziso zvachose. Gara nesu kuti unyure munhoroondo yekushanduka-shanduka kwemhuka iyi yagara isinganzwisisike iyo yakagara muNorth America prairies uye steppes panguva yechando.

Mhumhi huru: kuputsa hukama hwayo nemhumhi yegrey

Kuenzanisa kudzidza kwehofori wolf uye grey wolf

Zvidzidzo zvemazuva ano zvemajini zvinosimbisa kuti mhumhi huru nemhumhi grey marudzi akasiyana zvisinei nekuti vakagara pamwe chete kwemakore 90.000 XNUMX munzvimbo imwe chete. Ivo vanogovana imwe phylogenetic yakafanana inovaisa chete se "vazukuru vari kure". Nekudaro, kuti tinzwisise zvizere kusiyana kwekushanduka-shanduka kwezvose zviri zviviri, zvakakosha kuita chidzidzo chekuenzanisa uchiongorora kufanana kwavo kweanatomical uye genetic uye mutsauko.

Giant Wolf Hunhu

Anatomical sequence ye canis dirus

Zvisinei nekuti zita rayo rinorevei, mhumhi huru yakanga isina kunyanya kukura zvichienzaniswa nemhumhi yakajairika kana grey wolf analogue. Huremu hwayo hwepakati hunosvika 80 kg, kunyangwe zvave zvichiratidzwa kuti inogona kusvika ku100 kg. Nekudaro, iwo misiyano neayo kure grey canid muvakidzani akakosha zvisinei nekuti ivo vakagovana niche kwenguva yakareba.

Pasinei nekuva ne saizi yemuviri yakati diki pane grey wolf, canis dirus Iine huremu hwakanyanya uye hwakasimba kuvaka, iine makumbo mapfupi zvakaenzana.. Mhino yayo yakanga yakareba uye shaya dzayo dzakanga dzine simba zvinoshamisa, iine mazino akasimba uye mazino akapinza aikwanisa kutyora mapfupa emhuka yaainge abata kusvikira apwanywa. Zvakawanikwa zvezvisaririra zvakasara zvakaratidzwa neshaya dzemapere makuru zvinotsigira pfungwa iyi.

Evolutionary nhoroondo: hofori wolf yaive mhando yakasiyana kubva kune yazvino grey wolf

Pasinei nekusiyana kwavo kweanatomical, kufanana kwavanogovana maererano nechimiro chemuviri uye kugarisana kwezvose zviri zviviri kwemakore mazhinji, zvakaisa mhuka idzi se zvinobvira hama dzine hukama hwepedyo, asi zvidzidzo zvemajini nhasi zvinoramba pfungwa iyoyo yekutanga.

Kuti vadzidze nezve nhoroondo yavo yekushanduka-shanduka, zvikwata zvesainzi zvakasiyana kubva pasirese zvakatanga zvidzidzo zvemajini zvakaomarara zvinokwanisa kupindura mibvunzo inotenderera pahukama hunogona kuitika hwemarudzi ese ari maviri.

Kusiyana kwekutanga kwekushanduka-shanduka

giant wolf skeleton mumuseum

"Zvakashamisa zvikuru kuziva kuti kusiyana uku kwakaitika kare"

Chikwata chevaongorori kubva kuYunivhesiti yeMambokadzi Mary (London) inotungamirwa nenyanzvi yezvinhu zvipenyu Laurent Frantz, yakatanga chirongwa cheDNA kutevedzana kwezvisaririra zvishanu canis dirus kubva pakati pe50.000 ne12.900 makore ekuzvarwa. Yakanga iri nguva yekutanga iyo DNA yakabviswa kubva kune anotyisa mhumhi uye mhedzisiro yave inoshamisa., ichiratidza nyaya yakaoma pamusoro pezvikara zveIce Age uye kupa ruzivo runopesana nekutenda kwekare pamusoro pemhuka idzi uye hukama hunogona kuitika nemhumhi grey.

Kunyangwe mhumhi dzakaomarara dzakagara nemakoyoti nemhumhi grey muNorth America kwemakore angangoita 10.000 isati yatsakatika, vaongorori havana kuwana ruzivo rwekudyidzana nemhando idzi.

Chidzidzo ichi chinoburitsa kuti mapere akapedzisira kugovana tateguru mumwe chete nemhuka dzinorarama semhumhi makore angangoita 5,7 miriyoni apfuura., uye kuti vakanga vakasiyana nemamwe marudzi emhungu sezvazvakaita nhasi, semuenzaniso: "Zvakashamisa zvikuru kuziva kuti kusiyana uku kwakaitika kare" Panyaya iyi, anodaro mumwe munyori weongororo iyi, Dr. Alice Mouton, vekuUniversity of California (Los Angeles).

Uku kusiyanisa kwekutanga kwekushanduka-shanduka kwemhumhi ine grey wolf uye mamwe mavhinga emazuva ano kwave kuri kumwe kushamisa kukuru kwechidzidzo ichi, sezvo zvakajairika kuti canids dziberekesane uye chokwadi ichi chinonongedza kune. fungidziro yekuti panogona kunge paine chipingamupinyi chenzvimbo chaidzivirira kuyambuka pakati pehuwandu.

Mhumhi huru ndiyo yaive yekupedzisira mumiriri werudzi rwayo

Giant Wolf Mufananidzo

"Dire wolf ndiye aive mumiriri wekupedzisira wedzinza rakaparara."

Mhedzisiro yekuongororwa kwemajini iyi inoratidzawo kuti mhumhi huru yakatanga kuAmerica, ukuwo madzitateguru emhumhi grey, coyotes, uye mapere akashanduka muEurasia uye akatonga North America pane imwe nguva. Saka vatsvakurudzi vanotaura izvozvo "Dire wolf ndiye aive mumiriri wekupedzisira wedzinza rakaparara."

Mimwe mibairo yakatorwa mukufambirana nevamwe vanyori vekutsvagisa inotsigira musiyano semhando yemhumhi huru maererano negrey wolf uye kuti iyo yekupedzisira yaive yekupedzisira kupona kwerudzi rwakazotsakatika zvachose. Nokudaro, Dr. Kieren Mitchell weDhipatimendi reEcology uye Evolutionary Biology paYunivhesiti yeAdelaide, kuAustralia, anoti: "Mhumhi dzinotyisa dzimwe nguva dzinofananidzirwa sezvisikwa zvengano, mapere makuru aifamba-famba, nzvimbo dzakaoma nechando, asi chokwadi chinotowedzera kunakidza" maererano nekusiyana kwadzo uye kutsakatika, anoratidza, zvichiratidza nhoroondo yemhindumupindu isina kutsaukana.

Uye anoenderera mberi nemamwe mhedziso dzinonakidza mushure metsvakiridzo yake inotsigira musiyano chaiwo wemhumhi huru maererano negrey wolf uye mamwe canids:

"Pasinei nekufanana kweanatomical pakati pegrey mhumhi uye mhumhi anotyisa, izvo zvinobuda mubasa iri ndezvekuti mapere uye grey mapere anogona kunge aine hukama nenzira imwechete iyo vanhu vemazuva ano nemaNeanderthals vaive munguva dzekare." Dire wolf ndiyo ichangoburwa nhengo yedzinza rekare, kusiyana neiyo yeese mhenyu canids., iyo isati yavapo nanhasi.

"Mukupesana, nepo vanhu vekare neNeanderthals vachiita sevakabatana, sezvinoita mhumhi dzemazuva ano grey uye coyotes, genetic data yedu haina kupa humbowo hwekuti mapere akapindirana nemhando ipi neipi yembwa. Yese data yedu inonongedza kumarudzi maviri aya emhumhi ari kunyanya kunge makunakuna ari kure, sevanhu nemachimpanzi. "

Mucherechedzo wetsika waakatisiya

chiitiko kubva kumutambo wezvigaro zvinogadzirazve iyo yakatotsakatika hofori wolf

Mhungu hofori imhuka yaishamisa yakatora mafuro ePleistocene America ine manyawi akaenzana neshumba mumasango eAfrica uko yave ichizivikanwa zvikuru nezita rekuti mambo wesango.

Mhumhi hombe inoramba iri mukufungidzira kwazvino kuungana sehombe chiratidzo chesimba uye simba, ave mhuka yengano iyo bhaisikopo inobereka, sezvatinoona mune yakakurumbira akatevedzana Mutambo waMatombo kana mu Twilight Saga.


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