Ijipita yekare yakamisikidzwa nezviratidzo zvakasiyana-siyana zvinogona kuva nechirevo chine chekuita nehupenyu, rufu kana kungonamata chete. Izvi zvakaratidzwa mumavakirwo azvo pamwe chete nemuzvinhu zvakawanda, chimwe chezvakanyanya kukosha egyptian sphinx uye zviri kuburikidza nechinyorwa ichi tichaziva zvese nezvazvo.
Sphinx yeEgipita
Iyo sphinx chiratidzo chekare chakabatana nezuva mumagariro eEast of the world, kunyanya maEgypt. Kune vana dynastic pharaohs, chiratidzo ichi, icho chaive muchengeti wemweya, chakava tsika yekudzokorora chiso chamambo wavo uye musoro wakavezwa semuviri wepamusoro weshumba muguva rake kana mune imwe temberi.
Kubatana uku kwaFarao uye shumba pachayo kwakaratidza kubatana kwamambo nemwari ane simba wezuva Sekhmet, aive mwanasikana wemwari wezuva "Ra", uyo anozviratidza nemusoro weshumbakadzi. Saizvozvowo sechiratidzo chezuva, Sphinx yeEgipita yakabatanidzwawo naHarmakhis "Ishe weHorizons mbiri", iyo inomiririra kubuda uye kuvira kwezuva, iro rinozivikanwa nekuzvarwa patsva nekumuka.
Iyo sphinx yakawana kukosha kukuru maererano nechirevo chayo chakazotengeswa kubva kuEgypt, zvose kuAsia neGreece makore ekumaXNUMX kusvika kune gumi nematanhatu BC. Kuenzaniswa nemuenzaniso weEgipita, sphinx yeAsia yakanga ine mapapiro egondo, yaiva yechikadzi, uye yakakotama negumbo rimwe rakasimudzwa mukumiririra kwayo. Ichiri mutsika dzechiGiriki, sphinx yaivawo nemapapiro pamwe chete nemuswe wenyoka; mungano chinoparadza vafambi vose vasingagoni kupindura chirevo charwo.
Etymology
Izwi sphinx rakawana dhinominesheni nevaIjipita vekare se (Sheps-anj), iro chirevo chinoreva "chimiro chipenyu" kana "chifananidzo chipenyu", kubva paizwi iri kwakauya sefanjes uyezve sphinx. Saizvozvowo, munyori wenhoroondo wechiGiriki Herodotus akapa zita remuEgypt Sphinx "Androsphinx", iyo, mukusiyana nechiGiriki yaive nechiso chevakadzi nemapapiro, yaive nechiso chine maitiro echirume.
Mamwe mafomu ayo sphinx anowanzo kufungidzirwa ane maitiro emhuka, saka inogona kuwanikwa nepamusoro pegondohwe (cryosphinxes) kana falcon (hieracosphinxes).
Historia
Sphinx yeEgipita, mukuwedzera pakuva chiratidzo chaFarao ane chimiro chemunhu chaive chepamusoro-soro chaive nesimba guru neuchenjeri hwaaitonga nacho nekudzivirira vanhu vake, chainziwo fananidzo yezvakavanzika, chokwadi, kubatana uye. hupenyu mushure mekufa.
Mukuwedzera, iyo sphinxes yakamiririrwa nenzira dzakasiyana-siyana sezvataurwa pamusoro apa, asi maererano nenzvimbo kana nguva iyi yakasiyana, yakadai seyechiso chemunhu neine shumba, kunyanya muNubia, uye iyo yeNew Kingdom yeEgypt inonzi yakasiyana-siyana. vamwari vakaita saAmuni ane chiso chegondohwe.
Chii chinonyanya kuzivikanwa ndechekuti zuva chairo rakaonekwa sphinx yekutanga harizivikanwi, uye kuti iyo inonyanya kuzivikanwa yeEgypt Sphinx yezvose ndeyeGreat Sphinx yeGiza, kunyange zvazvo isati yave yakanyatsonyorwa; zvisinei, dzimwe nyanzvi dzinozvibatanidza nekutonga kwaCheops, makore akapoteredza 2500 BC. C. Uye maererano naye, pane nyaya iyo inobatanidzwa kuti Tutmosis IV munguva yeXVIII dzinza paakanga ari muchinda ari nyore, akaenda kunovhima rwendo uye akarara mumumvuri we sphinx.
Pakarara muchinda uyu akarota mhungu ichitaurirana naye kwaakavimbisa kuti ndiye aizova mambo kana akabvisa jecha rakanga raungana pajinga pechifananidzo ichi. Saka panguva yekutonga kwaKhafre, sphinxes yakapararira, saka vese vakashandiswa sevarindi kunze kwetemberi, makuva, uye zviyeuchidzo zvekuvigwa.
Muenzaniso we mashandisiro anoita vaIjipita chiratidzo ichi unoonekwa mutemberi dzaAmun muKarnak uye muLuxor umo zana remaSphinxes eEjipita ane vanhu kana makondohwe akaiswa mugwara mativi ese pamberi pemusuwo.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ytSM9FYdAtc&t=9s
Zviri pachena kuti mufananidzo weEgypt Sphinx wakashanduka mune imwe nzira nekufamba kwenguva uye maererano nemagariro emagariro, zvisinei, munzvimbo ino yeEast of the world zvimwe zvinomiririra zvine maitiro echikadzi zvinonyatsozivikanwa, zvakadai. se:
- Iyo sphinx inofananidzira mambokadzi weEgypt Empire Hetepheres II, mudzimai waFarao Dyedefra weIV dzinza. Ichi ndicho chimwe chekare chakawanikwa chebudiriro ino.
- Sphinx yeEgipita yakabatana naHatshepsut, aive mambokadzi naFarao panguva yedzinza rechiXNUMX reEgypt. Uyu mutema wegranite nhasi uri muBarracco Museum muRome, pane zvakare mumwe mufananidzo wamambokadzi uyu wakachengetedzwa muCairo Museum. Pachezvayo, ichi chingava chifananidzo chekutanga kuwanikwa kwavaimiririra mukadzi ari mambokadzi naFarao akabatana nesimba uye chakavanzika che sphinx.
- Nenzira imwecheteyo, maSphinxes eEgypt akawanikwa ane chimiro chemambokadzi Mutnedyemet naNefertiti.
sphinxes yeEgipita
Paunenge uchitarisa munhoroondo yenyama yeEgypt yekare, zvakajairika kuona zvivakwa zvayo zvinoshamisa zvakatsaurirwa kuna vamwari vayo nemafarao, uye sezvatinoziva, chimwe chezviratidzo chinoshandiswa zvakanyanya muhunyanzvi hwayo iEgypt Sphinx. Tevere tichapa mazita emamwe akanakisa sphinxes akawanikwa, pakati pawo:
Iyo Great Sphinx yeGiza
"Murindi" sezvaaimbodanwa nevanhu vekuEgypt, pasina mubvunzo ndiyo inonyanya kufarirwa pasi rose, iri muGiza uye inosvika mamita makumi maviri kumusoro. Zvinotendwa zvakare kuti iyi ndiyo yekare yemifananidzo yakavezwa pakati peiyo inowanikwa ikozvino.
Mumvura dzeNairi
Mumvura yeNairi muEgypt Sphinx akawanikwa ane chikamu chezasi chakanyura chakabatana netemberi yeRamses II, yaifanira kutamiswa panguva yebasa rakaitwa padhamu reAswan nokuda kwezvikonzero zvekuchengetedzwa nemvura inokwira yerwizi urwu.
Sphinx muLuxor
Imwe hombe yeEgypt Sphinx iri padyo neobelisk iripo mutembere yeLuxor, yakatsaurirwa kuna mwari weEgipita Amun. Sezvatambotaura, nhamba iyi yaimiririra humambo uye hupenyu mushure mekufa.
Ram-headed sphinxes
Pakutanga zvaive zvakajairika kuona sphinx yeEgipita ine morphology yeshumba uye chiso chemunhu munzvimbo yekuzorora. Nekudaro, pakanga paine misiyano yakati wandei yakaita seEgyptian Sphinxes iyo inogona kuoneka mutembere yeKarnak muLuxor, kwavanenge vane makondohwe.
nzira ye sphinxes
Imwe yemifananidzo inokatyamadza yeEgypt Sphinx, tinogona kuiona munzira huru inosvika 2.700 metres kureba uye 76 metres yakafara iyo yakakomberedzwa kubva kune rimwe divi kuenda kune rimwe divi nenhamba huru yemasphinxes ane physiognomies yevanhu uye makondohwe Anorinda. mukova wematemberi pakati peLuxor neKarnak.
zviratidzo zvehumambo
Mumifananidzo yakaitwa nevaIjipita tinogona kuona zvisingaverengeki zvinomiririra sphinx semufananidzo wehumambo uye simba rechinzvimbo ichi. Saka zvinowanzoitika kuti tinowana muunyanzvi hwake pharao anomiririrwa kuburikidza nesphinx, achishandisa kushandiswa kwesimba rake uye simba pamusoro pevavengi vake vose.
Iyo Alabaster Sphinx
Munharaunda yenecropolis yeMemphis, kune hombe yeEgypt alabaster Sphinx inofungidzirwa kuve yakavezwa muNew Kingdom yeEgypt pakati penguva ye1700 a. C. - 1400. Izvi zvakakanganisa kupiwa kuTutankhamun, zvisinei, vatsvakurudzi vakawanda vanotaura kuti muiti wekuvakwa kwayo aiva Amonhotep II chaizvo.
Kana iwe wakawana chinyorwa ichi nezve Egypt Sphinx chinonakidza, isu tinokukoka iwe kuti unakirwe nevamwe izvi: