Column types

Kune huwandu hwakawanda hwemhando dzekoramu

Makolamu ndechimwe chekare chekuvaka zvinhu zvakashandiswa pakuvaka zvivakwa uye zvimiro. Munhoroondo yose, dzakashanduka-shanduka mukugadzirwa, ukuru, uye zvinhu zvakashandiswa. Pamusoro pezvo, vanga vachichinjira kune zvitaera zvakasiyana uye zvinodiwa zvekuvaka. Naizvozvo hazvishamisi kuti kune huwandu hwakawanda hwemhando dzekoramu.

Zvinofanira kutaurwa kuti zvivakwa izvi zvinogona kuiswa nenzira dzakasiyana-siyana: Zvinoenderana nekushandiswa kwavo nekugadzira mukuvaka, maererano neklassic architectural orders, zvinoenderana neshaft uye zvinoenderana nehukama hwavo nezvimwe zvikamu zvekuvaka. Muchinyorwa chino tichakurukura marudzi emakoramu maererano nezvikamu izvi uye isu tichataura pamusoro pezvimiro zvayo zvikuru.

Makoramu anoiswa sei mukuvaka?

Column marudzi anogona kuiswa nenzira dzakasiyana.

Mhando dzakasiyana dzemakoramu dzinogona kugadzirwa mukuvaka, zvichienderana nezvinhu zvakashandiswa uye chinangwa cheprojekti. Heano mimwe mienzaniso:

  • Korumende dzakasimba: Aya makoramu akajairika mukuvaka kwemazuva ano uye haadhure kugadzira uye nyore kuisa. Izvo zvinoshandiswa mumhando dzakasiyana-siyana dzekushandisa, kubva kune zvivakwa zvekugara kusvika kumabhiriji uye zvifambiso zvekutakura.
  • Simbi mbiru: Makoramu esimbi akasimba kwazvo uye anowanzoshandiswa muzvivako zvine nhurikidzwa dzakawanda. Inogara kwenguva refu uye inodzivirira ngura, uye inogona kumira mitoro inorema.
  • Makoramu emapuranga: Pane kudaro, mbiru dzemapuranga dzakareruka uye dzinowanzoshandiswa muzvivako zvekuvaka dzimba uye muzvivako zvekushongedza. Huni chinhu chinovandudzwa uye chinogara chiripo.
  • mbiru dzematombo: Izvi zvakajairika mumapurani echinyakare uye anoshandiswa pakuvaka zvivakwa zveveruzhinji uye zvechitendero. Inogara kwenguva refu, mamiriro ekunze uye kusagadzikana, asi inogona kudhura kugadzira nekuisa.
  • Precast columns: Aya marudzi emakoramu anogadzirwa mumafekitari obva atakurwa kuenda kunzvimbo yekuvaka. Vanokurumidza kuisa uye vanowanzoshandiswa muzvivako zvekutengesa uye zvehofisi.
  • Korumende dzakasimba: Concrete chinhu chinoumbwa nesamende, jecha, mvura, uye zvakakora zvakaunganidzwa senge matombo kana dombo rakapwanyika. Makoramu emhando iyi akajairika mukuvaka kwemazuva ano nekuti kongiri chinhu chisingadhure uye chinogara kwenguva refu.

Izvo zvinofanirwa kucherechedzwa kuti mhando yekoramu yakasarudzwa ichaenderana nechinangwa chechimiro, inodiwa aesthetics uye bhajeti iripo.

Mhando dzemakoramu maererano neiyo classical architectural orders

Iwo marudzi emakoramu anogona kukamurwa zvichienderana neiyo classical architectural orders

classical architectural orders Iwo seti yemitemo nemisimboti yakashandiswa mukuvaka kubva yekare Girisi neRoma. Mirairo iyi inosanganisira marudzi akasiyana emakoramu anogona kuiswa mumhando huru shanu:

  • Doric order: Ndiyo yekare yemirairo uye inoratidzwa nekuve nembiru dzakasimba uye dzakapfava dzisina hwaro, dzine misoro yakatsetseka yakaita cushion uye maumbirwo ari nyore. Doric columns dzinoshandiswa muchiGiriki neRoma zvivakwa, uye zvakashandiswa munhoroondo yose neoclassical akitekicha uye zvivakwa zvemazuva ano.
  • ionic order: Iyo yakatetepa uye inoyevedza kupfuura iyo Doric kurongeka, inoratidzwa nekuva nehwaro, mipumburu yakaita semusoro wemipumburu uye mamwe maumbirwo akanyanya kupfuura makoramu eDoric. Makoramu eIonic aishandiswa zvakanyanya mumavakirwo echiGreek neRoma, uye akashandiswa mune neoclassical architecture uye yemazuva ano zvivakwa.
  • Korinde kurongeka: Ndiyo yakanyanyisa uye yakashongedzwa yeiyi classical orders. Iyo inoratidzirwa nekuve nemisoro yakashongedzwa nemashizha eacanthus uye zvimwe zvinhu zvekushongedza, pamwe nekuumbwa uye zvishongo pachigadziko uye shaft yekoramu. Makoramu eKorinde aishandiswa zvakanyanya mukuvaka kweRoma, uye akashandiswa mune neoclassical architecture uye yemazuva ano zvivakwa.
  • Tuscan order: Yakatangira muRoma yekare uye inoratidzirwa seshanduro yakapfava yeDoric order. Tuscan mbiru dzine shaft dzakapfava, dzakatetepa, dzine misoro yakapfava, isina kushongedzwa. Kunyangwe ichionekwa seyakashongedzwa kupfuura mamwe maodha, iyo Tuscan kurongeka yakashandiswa munhoroondo yese mumagadzirirwo eItaly uye muRenaissance.
  • komputa order: Iyo hybrid order inosanganisa zvinhu zveIonic kurongeka uye kurongeka kweKorinde. Composite column capitals ine mipumburu yakaita seIonic capitals, asi zvakare ine acanthus mashizha uye zvimwe zvekushongedza zvakaita semaKorinde makuru. Kurongeka uku kwakagadzirwa munguva dzeRoma uye kwakashandiswa mukupera kwekuvaka kweRoma uye mune Kuberekwazve.

Mhando dzema column maererano ne shaft

Makoramu anogona kukamurwa zvichienderana neshaft

Zvichienderana neshaft, makoramu anogona kuiswa mumhando dzinoverengeka. Ngatitarisei zvimwe zvinonyanya kuzivikanwa:

  • Monolithic columns: Ndeaya akavezwa kubva padombo rimwe chete redombo kana marble. Aya makoramu akasimba kwazvo uye ane chitarisiko chakanaka, asi anodhura kugadzira nekuda kwehuwandu hwezvinhu zvinodiwa.
  • Segmented columns: Iwo mbiru dzakavakwa kubva kune akati wandei zvidimbu zvematombo kana marble akaunganidzwa pamwechete. Aya makoramu ari nyore kugadzira pane monolithic, uye anowanzoshandiswa mumagadzirirwo emazuva ano.
  • Makoramu ane nyere: Ndeaya ane vertical grooves akavezwa pamusoro pavo. Aya ma grooves anogona kutwasuka kana kukombama uye anogona kuva nehupamhi hwakasiyana. Fluted columns anoshandiswa mumhando dzakasiyana-siyana dzezvivakwa zvekuvaka, senge Ionic neKorinde mirairo.
  • Smooth columns: Ndivo vane nzvimbo yakatsetseka isina migoro. Aya makoramu anogona kuve emhando ipi neipi kana saizi uye anoshandiswa mumhando dzakasiyana siyana dzezvivakwa.
  • Tapered columns: Ndeaya ane dhayamita yakakura pazasi uye dhayamita diki kumusoro. Aya makoramu anowanzoshandiswa mune yekare uye classical architecture.
  • Coniform columns: Iwo mambiru ane chimiro checonical, asi anoratidzawo kuwedzera pahafu yehurefu hwawo. Rudzi urwu rwekoramu rwakashandiswa mumavakirwo ekare ChiGiriki y roman, uye inogona kuwanikwa pazvivakwa zvenhoroondo uye zviyeuchidzo pasi rose.
  • Makoramu akaiswa mumapoka: Ndivo avo vane shafts akati wandei, asi capital capital uye base. Izvi zvakajairwa zvakanyanya mu gothic architectural style.
  • Fasciculated columns: Iwo makoramu akaumbwa akati wandei matete shaft echitarisiko chakafanana uye akaunganidzwa pamwechete sebundle.
  • Makoramu ane bhandi kana mhete: Ndivo vane mashaft avo akachekwa kuita mitsetse, madhiramu kana zvindori zvemadhayamita akasiyana.
  • Mapatya maviri: Iwo mambiru ane shaft mbiri.
  • Romanesque columns: Ndivo avo vane shaft ine cylindrical uye havana vertical grooves, sezvazviri mumakoramu echinyakare. Iyo shaft yemakoramu eRomanesque yakatsetseka, asi inogona kuve nejometri, yemiti kana yakashongedzwa netambo mune zvakanyanya kuoma nyaya.
  • Soromoni columns: Iwo mambiru ane shaft yakamonyoroka, ichiita spiral shape. Rudzi urwu rwekoramu runowanikwa zvakanyanya mu Baroque architecture.
  • Torso Columns: Iwo ndiwo ane shaft yakashongedzwa neakasiyana motifs, anowanzo kurongwa heri.

Column marudzi maererano nezvimwe zvikamu zvekuvaka

Makolamu anogona kuiswa mumhando dzakasiyana zvichienderana nebasa radzo nenzvimbo muchimiro.

Zvichienderana nezvimwe zvikamu zvekuvaka, makoramu anogona kuiswa mumhando dzakasiyana. maererano nebasa rayo uye nzvimbo muchimiro. Mamwe emhando dzemakoramu anonyanya kuzivikanwa ndeaya:

  • Structural columns: Ndidzo dzinoshandiswa kutsigira huremu hwechivako uye kutumira mitoro kune nheyo kana kune zvimwe zvikamu zvechimiro. Makoramu ezvimiro anogona kugadzirwa nezvinhu zvakasiyana, sekongiri, simbi, huni, pakati pezvimwe, uye chimiro nehukuru hwadzo zvinoenderana nemutoro waanofanira kutsigira.
  • Decorative columns: Iwo makoramu ayo anoshandiswa kune aesthetics uye zvisiri-zvimiro zvinangwa. Makoramu aya anogona kuwanikwa pamusuwo mukuru wechivakwa, pafaçade, mukati mechivako kana mune chero imwe nzvimbo yaunoda kuratidza. Makoramu ekushongedza anogona kuve neakasiyana magadzirirwo uye kupera, senge ekushongedza misoro, fluting, moldings nezvimwe zvekushongedza zvinhu.
  • Makoramu ekutsigira: Ndiwo ayo anoshandiswa kutsigira chaiwo zvinhu zvechivako, senge matanda, arches uye zvimwe zvimiro zvemukati. Makoramu ekutsigira akakosha pakuvaka zvivako zvematanho akawanda uye zvivako zvine denga rakakwirira.
  • Kusimbisa mbiru: Iwo mambiru anoshandiswa kusimbisa zvivakwa zviripo uye kupa humwe tsigiro kune chimiro chiripo. Makoramu ekusimbisa anogona kugadzirwa nezvinhu zvakasiyana uye anogona kuwanikwa mukati uye kunze kwechivako.
  • Columns ane mechanical function: Ndiwo ayo anoshandiswa kune zvimwe zvinangwa, sekugoverwa kwesimba remagetsi kana kufambiswa kwemvura kana gasi pombi. Aya makoramu anogona kuve nebasa rakananga muchivako uye anoiswa munzvimbo dzinodiwa mechanical basa ravo.
  • Makoramu ega ega kana kusaburitswa: Iwo makoramu akapatsanurwa kubva kune chero chinhu chakatwasuka chiri chikamu chechivakwa kana chivakwa, semadziro.
  • Makoramu akabatanidzwa: Ndiwo ayo anowanzobatanidzwa kune chimwe chinhu chechivako, chakaita semadziro.
  • Makoramu akaiswa: Iwo mambiru anoita kunge akaiswa chikamu mumutumbi wechivakwa.
  • Makoramu akaunzwa: Ndidzo dzakabatanidzwa. Asi muzviitiko izvi, shaft yayo inoumbwa nezvidimbu zvakati zvakabatanidzwa mumadziro.

Ndinovimba kuti ruzivo urwu pamusoro pemhando dzakasiyana dzemakoramu rave richibatsira uye rinonakidza kwauri. Isu tatova nyanzvi mukuronga makoramu!


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