Kubudirira kwepamberi peColumbian yaigara munharaunda yekumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumadokero kwePeru yanhasi, ichisvika pakukura kwayo kukuru pakati pe900 ne1450 mushure meKristu, ichinyangarika makumi mashoma emakore mushure mekusvika kwevaEurope. Dzidza zvese nezve zvinonakidza Chincha Culture!
Tsika dzeChincha
Chinchay kana Chincha, izwi reQuechua rinoturikira kuti ocelot, kunyangwe paine avo vanotsinhira kuti rine hukama nejaguar. MaChincha iboka rekuzvarwa renyika dzePeruvia, dzaive pedyo nePacific Ocean kumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumadokero kwenyika.
Tsika iyi yakabudirira munguva yainzi yepakati penguva, iyo yakagara pakati pe900 ne1450 mushure meKristu, seimwe yematunhu edunhu repre-Columbian Peru, chigadzirwa chekukamurwa kwesimba rezvematongerwo enyika rehushe hweHuari.
Around 1480 tsika iyi yakava chikamu cheInca empire, iyo yakakwanisa kupararira munzvimbo yese ichitonga anopfuura mazana maviri etsika nemarudzi.
Tsika dzeChincha dzakasvika pakukosha sevatengesi pamakungwa makuru, vachitora mukana wenzvimbo yenzvimbo dzavaigara, mupata mukuru, nyika dzakaorera, dzinobereka dzine nzvimbo yakanaka. Iyo inonyanya kukosha yekuchera matongo inosara ine hukama neChincha tsika, inozivikanwa seSentinel uye iri padyo neguta razvino reChincha Alta.
Iyi nzanga yakanyangarika makumi mashoma emakore mushure mekukundwa kwePeru neSpain, iyo yakatanga munenge muna 1532. Izvi zvakakonzerwa nehosha dzakaunzwa nevatorwa, kuwedzera kune mhirizhonga uye mhirizhonga yakabudiswa nechisimba, iyo yakakonzera kufa kwakawanda. kutsakatika kwetsika zhinji dzepakutanga.
Parizvino dzimwe nzvimbo nemhando dzerudzi urwu rweSouth America dzichiri kuyeuchidza tsika yekuzvarwa iyi, semuenzaniso, dunhu reChinchaysuyo kana nyika yejaguar, Chincha Islands, zvitsuwa zvitatu zviri kumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumadokero kwePeru, mhuka inozivikanwa sechinchilla. kana Chincha duku uye zvechokwadi guta reChincha Alta.
Nhoroondo yeChincha tsika
Kutanga kwevanhu veChinchan kwaive mumupata mukuru werudzi rwazvino rwePeruvia, iro rine zita ravo. Idzi nyika, anenge makiromita 220 kumaodzanyemba kweLima, dzakanga dzakaorera zvikuru, nemhaka yokuvapo kwemvura yakasimba yoRwizi rweChincha runoyerera ruchibva kuAndes nomumupata.
Zvisinei, tsikidzi hadzina kutanga kugara mumupata uyu, une nyika yakagarwa kwemakore anenge zviuru gumi. Tsika dzakasiyana dzakagara ipapo, dzakadai seParacas, Ica-Nazca neWari Empire. Pakati pezana remakore rechiXNUMX neXNUMX, dzimwe shanduko dzakaitika mumupata, tsika nemararamiro avo akachinja, kunyanya munzvimbo dzegungwa, iyo yaizozivikanwa se pre-Chincha tsika.
Nguva yenguva iyi yaive ipfupi, tsika idzi dzakanyangarika makore angangoita zana gare gare, zvichipa nzira kune tsika yeChincha, kutenderera kwezana ramakore reXNUMX.
Tsika dzavo, hunyanzvi uye mararamiro aive akanyanya kufambira mberi uye akaomarara kupfuura ayo akare aionekwa seasati atanga Chincha, ivo vainziwo mabellicose, sezvo ivo vakatonga mupata iwoyo, iwo iwoyo uchine zita rayo nhasi.
El Chincha ndeimwe yemipata mikuru pamhenderekedzo yePacific Ocean yerudzi rwePeruvia, yakakomberedzwa nerenje umo mvura inenge isipo, kubereka kwenzvimbo kunokonzerwa nekuvapo kweRwizi rweChincha, runoyerera kubva kuAndes. ,
Iyi nzvimbo inoyera makiromita angangoita makumi maviri nemashanu kubva kuchamhembe kusvika kumaodzanyemba kumahombekombe, ichitambanuka mamwe makiromita makumi maviri mukati menyika. Inoganhurana nemupata weRwizi rwePisco nekuwedzera kwakafanana uye inowanikwa makiromita makumi maviri neshanu kumaodzanyemba.
Mupata wakakura wakaita senhanhatu une zviuru makumi maviri nezviviri mahekita evhu rakarimwa nhasi uye zvinofungidzirwa kuti munguva dzepamberi peColumbian yaive yakawanda yakafanana. Tevere tichakuudza zvishoma zvakadzama nezve nhoroondo yeiyi tsika yekuzvarwa:
Pre-Chincha stage
Zvinotendwa kuti vamwe vanhu vakagara mumahombekombe ePeru kubva panguva dzekare, zvinofungidzirwa kuti nzvimbo idzi dzakagarwa kweanenge zviuru gumi zvemakore.
Vamwe vevagari vayo vekutanga vakapona kubva pakubata hove, vachidzidza kushandisa uye kurarama kubva mukupfuma kwemvura yemugungwa yeHumboldt Current. Gare gare, kusimudzirwa kwekurima kwekudiridza mumipata yenzizi kwaizova basa rekuzadzisa kugara kwakadzikama uye kwakanaka.
Zvinofungidzirwa kuti kwekutanga kuzivikanwa kwekugara kwevanhu muMupata weChincha kwakatangira mugore remazana masere Kristu asati asvika uye inozivikanwa setsika yeParacas.
Munenge gore zana pamberi paKristu kusvika mazana masere mushure meKristu, kune simba guru mumupata weChincha wetsika. Ica-Nazca iyo yakatanga kunyanya kubva kudhipatimendi razvino reIca, asi iyo yaisanganisira Chincha kuchamhembe, Arequipa kumaodzanyemba uye nzvimbo dzakakwirira dzeAyacucho. Zvinosimbiswa kuti pakati pemakore mazana mashanu nechiuru chimwe shure kwaKristu, mupata weChincha waitongwa nehumambo. hondoini, budiriro yakabudirira munharaunda yeAndean uye yakakunda humambo hwakawanda nemadzishe enguva yacho.
Pakati pezana ramakore rechipfumbamwe nerechigumi, mushure mekuderera kwevaWaris, nzanga dzakasiyana munzvimbo iyi dzakaratidza shanduko dzakashata mumataera avo netsika dzetsika, vachidzoreredza mararamiro avo kuhunyanzvi uye zvitaera zvakaonekwa munharaunda iyi yegungwa reCaribbean.
Zvose zvinoratidza kuti chimiro chitsva ichi uye kuchinja kwakaitika imhanho yefungu rekutama kune mavambo asina kujeka, iyo yainzi Pre-Chincha tsika. Ichionekwa sechinyakare, tsika yepre-Chincha yaive, pakati pehunhu hwayo hwakakosha, kutsamira kukuru pakubata hove uye kuunganidzwa kwezvinhu zvakasiyana kubva mugungwa, semateko.
Chincha Stage
Kumwe kuferefetwa kunosimbisa kuti idzi misha yepre-chincha yakabva kuChavín tsika, nzanga yakabudirira mujinga memakomo eAndean.
Mukati meNguva Yepakati Penguva, boka rakarongeka rakavambwa muChincha Valley, iyo iyo nhoroondo dzeSpanish dzinodaidza kuti Humambo hweChincha. Imwe tsika yakaoma, yakarongeka uye inopikisana kupfuura yekare, iyo inonzi inokonzerwa nemafungu akasiyana-siyana ekutama kubva kunzvimbo dzakakwirira.
Yakanga iri tsika yakakwanisa kutonga mupata wese, kunyanya nekuda kwemaitiro ayo ekuramba achinetsana, kupinda uye kutonga nedzimwe nzanga. Vanozviona sevazukuru vejaguar, ichi chiri chimwe chezvikonzero zvekuda kwavo hondo uye kukunda.
Vakagadzira mabasa akakosha ezvivakwa uye masisitimu ekudiridza aifarira zvekurima. Pamusoro pezvo, vakajairira kuisa fetiraiza ivhu kuti varime nemhuka dzakafa, kunyanya shiri neguano, ruzivo nehunyanzvi izvo zvakazogarwa nhaka netsika.
Kukwanisa kwake kutengeserana kwaikoshawo, kuchengetedza nzira dzekutengeserana nenyika nemvura. Vaifamba mumigwagwa nemapoka ezvikara zvinotakura zvinhu, kunzvimbo dzeAltiplano neCusco.
Hunyanzvi hwavo hwekufambisa hwaive huri nani uye huchivandudzwa, vakagadzira marefu ane matanda mahombe aikwanisa kutakura mitoro mikuru nevanhu vaidarika gumi nevaviri. Vakashandisa kushandiswa kwemaseiri aivabvumira kufamba madaro marefu, kuitira kuti nzvimbo dzavo dzekutengeserana dzisvike kuCentral America.
Vafambisi vegungwa veChincha vainamata nyeredzi yavakapa zita rekuti Chungui uye ingangove yaireva kufambisa.
Mutariri kana chinchaycamac, pari zvino rava matongo, chaiva chivakwa chikuru chakakura chakareba mahekita 75 uye chinoratidza mapiramidhi makuru maviri anozivikanwa seLa Centinela uye Tambo de Mora.
Zvivako zvihombe izvi zvakavakwa nevhu, rudzi rwezvidhinha zvakagadzirwa nemadhaka nemashanga, izvo zvinozoomeswa nezuva. Izvi zvimedu zvakagadziriswa pamwe chete nedhaka, zvichibvumira madziro, facades, dzimba uye mune iyi kesi mapiramidhi kuti agadzirwe.
Mapiramidhi aive ekugara kwevatongi vevanhu vechiChincha uye akakomberedza nzvimbo yaigara mhizha dzakasiyana-siyana, vachitarisira zvidimbu zvesirivha, matanda, makeramics nemicheka yakasiyana. Nekudaro, zvinofungidzirwa kuti semuzhinji pre-Columbian tsika, Sentinel yaive yakawanda yemhemberero uye yechitendero chinangwa pane yekugara.
Pakanga pane network yese yemigwagwa nemigwagwa mikuru, iyo yakatanga kubva kuLa Centinela, kumaodzanyemba nekumabvazuva mumutsara wakatwasuka. Izvi zvakabvumira kupinda kune dzimwe nzvimbo dzemhemberero uye zvakare kutakura zvinotengeswa kumupata weParacas uye nzvimbo dzakakwirira dzeAndes, izvi zvinoreva kuti yakawanda yemigwagwa iyi, ichiri kuonekwa, inoenda makiromita makumi maviri kubva kwayakabva.
Mamwe ezvinyorwa zveSpanish anoti huwandu hweChincha hunodarika zviuru zana zvevanhu, hwakagoverwa pakati pevakuru vedzimba, avo vanofungidzirwa kuti zviuru gumi nezviviri vaive varimi, vamwe zviuru gumi vakazvipira kubata hove uye vanopfuura zviuru zvitanhatu vatengesi. pakati pemamwe mabasa kana kutengeserana.
Nhamba idzi dzinoratidza kukosha kwekugadzirwa kubva pasi negungwa, kunze kwekutengeserana, kune hupfumi hwayo. Vagari vazhinji vakararama nokuda kweaya mabasa, nepo vachichengeta umambo hwaibudirira panguva iyoyo. Tsika iyi, sedzimwe nzanga mudunhu reAndean, yakashandisa mari kuita zvekutengesa.
Pesvedzero yevaInca
Ruzhinji rweruzivo rwunoratidzwa munhoroondo dzeSpanish rwakaunganidzwa kubva kuvagari venzvimbo iyi, dzimwe nguva ichipokana. Nekudaro, ivo vakabvumira kuziva mune zvakajairika nhoroondo uye zvishoma kukura kweChincha tsika.
Vanotsanangura maChincha se "purovhinzi huru, yairemekedzwa kare ... yakaisvonaka uye yakaisvonaka ... yakakurumbira zvikuru muPeru yose, zvokuti vagari vemo vakawanda vanoitya."
Pakati pezana ramakore rechi XNUMX nerechi XNUMX apo tsika iyi yakatanga kupararira mumhenderekedzo dzePeruvia uye kupinda muAndes, maIncas akanga achitanga humambo hwavo hune simba zvakare.
MaChincha aitonga kutengeserana kwemugungwa, kufukidza nzira refu uye dzinobereka, kutaurirana zvidimbu zveumbozha zveukoshi hukuru hwakagadzirwa negoridhe nesirivha, kazhinji. Nzendo dzakafukidza gungwa rePacific kubva kumaodzanyemba kweColombia kuenda kuchamhembe kweChile, pamwe nemukana wekuti vakasvika kuMexico. Rwendo rwekutanga rwune marekodhi, rwevamiriri veInca kuhumambo hweChincha, rwakatungamirwa nemutungamiri wemauto Cápac Yupanqui, mukoma wamambo Pachacuti akatonga pakati pe1438 ne1471.
Rwendo urwu rwaive nevavariro yekutanga kuonana murunyararo uye nehushamwari, kwete kupindira kana kukunda, vakaendesa zvipo zvakakosha kubva kuna mambo wavo uye vakazivisa vavakidzani vavo kuti vaifanira kungogamuchira hukuru nesimba reInca, kuchengetedza hupenyu hwavo hune runyararo.
VaChincha havana kuzeza kugamuchira zvikumbiro uye vakakwanisa kupfuurira kuvapo kwavo sezvavakanga vakaita, pasina zvinetso nevavakidzani vavo. Nekudaro, kutenderedza gore 1471, apo mambo weInca Topa Inca Yupanqui akatanga kutonga, humambo hweChincha hwakanga hwakabatanidzwa kuInca Kingdom.
Zvisinei, vatungamiri veChincha vakachengetedza humwe hutongi hwezvematongerwo enyika nehupfumi uye hutungamiri pamusoro pevanhu vavo. Nekuda kwezvigadziro izvi, mambo wetsika yeChincha akapedza mwedzi yakati wandei pagore ari mumatare emambo wepedyo, kwaaibatwa sevakuru veInca.
Mutongi weChincha, aive neropafadzo idzo vazhinji muboka reMukuru weInca vaive vasina, aionekwa seshamwari yamambo uye ishe wenzvimbo dzakaderera, airatidza hupfumi hwakawanda, zvekuti akavhiringika namambo weInca. Atahualpa mumusangano naFrancisco Pizarro nevakundi. MuHondo yeCajamarca akaurayiwa uye Atahualpa akatorwa nevaEurope.
Ukama hweInca-Chincha hwaive hwepedyo, vekupedzisira vaive mubatanidzwa weboka reAtahualpa panguva yehondo yevagari vetsika iyi yakakosha.
Ukuwo, vaInca vaifarira kutonga kwevaChincha panzvimbo penyika dzavo, vachichengeta kutarisira uye pesvedzero yokutengeserana mugungwa. MaIncas akapinda, akaparadza uye akatonga tsika nehupfumi hweChimú, akagara kuchamhembe kwenyika dzePeruvia dzakapoteredza 1470, ichipa kutonga kwenzvimbo iyi yekutengeserana kune Chinchas. Idzi nyika, dziri pedyo zvikuru nenharaunda dzeInca munzvimbo dzakakwirira, dzakabvumira nzira yakanyatsonaka, kuwana dzimwe nzira dzekutengeserana uye naizvozvo kuwedzera kukuru kwemabasa avo.
Spanish kukunda
Mupata weChincha, wakaorera uye wakabudirira, wakawanikwa nevapamba muna 1534, uye mishoni yekutanga yeDominican Roman Catholic yakavambwa munyika idzodzo muna 1542.
Semunzvimbo zhinji dzechivanhu, kusvika kwevaSpanish muChincha kwaimiririra rufu nekutsakatika. Vagari vouhwu umambo hune simba vakatapurwa nenyongano nenyongano zvinomiririrwa neiri simba rokumwe rakauya kuzozvimanikidzira rimene uye iro rakaunza naro, mukuwedzera kugwinyiro yakanyanyisa, hosha dzakawanda dzakaparadza vagari vomunzvimbomo.
Vatsvakurudzi vanofungidzira kuti makumi mapfumbamwe nepfumbamwe muzana ezvizvarwa zvechivanhu ichi zvakanyangarika mumakore makumi masere ekutanga ehutongi hweSpain, saka humambo hune simba uhwu hauna kuzombopora.
Social sangano
Chincha nzanga yaive yakasarudzika uye inofungidzirwa kuti yaive nemaitiro echiuto. Yakakamurwa kuva mapoka enzanga aitongwa nashe kana kuti chinchaycamac. Hurongwa hwavo hwehurumende saka hunozivikanwa semanor, uko chinchaycamac, anoronga, anotungamira uye anosarudza magumo evagari venharaunda dzavo.
Mutauro
Kune dzimwe dzidziso dzinoratidza kuti mutauro weQuechua unobva kutsika dzechiChincha, dzakagara muAndes nenharaunda yemahombekombe ePeru neEcuador.
Vamwe, pane zvinopesana, vanosimbisa kuti yakaberekerwa munzvimbo dzepakati pePeru, ichiparadzira kutenda kune zvekutengeserana uye kutorwa nedzimwe tsika, kusanganisira tsika dzeChincha. Izvi zvakazowedzera kune dzimwe nzvimbo dzakawanda dzaive mukati menzira yavo yekutengeserana. Zvingangodaro kuti vaChincha vaitaura ndimi yeQuechua, inozivikanwa seIy Yunkai Quechua.
Chitendero
Tsika dzechiChincha, senge dzese dzisati dzatanga kuColumbian tsika, dzaive dzekunamata vamwari vakawanda uye vainzwa ruremekedzo nekuremekedza masimba echisikigo. Humwari waro mukuru aive Chinchaycámac, zvisinei hapana chinomiririra icho chinoonekwa.
Economy
Hupfumi hweChincha hwakanangana nemabasa ekurima, hove nekutengesa. Dzaibatanidza nzira dzezvokutengeserana dzakakura, nemhaka yenzira dzakawanda dzaifukidza mupata wacho uye dzaipfuura miganhu yawo. Zvisinei, chaitoshamisa zvikuru kwaiva kutengeserana mugungwa, nzira dzekutengeserana dzaikosha zvikuru kupfuura dzepanyika.
Mitoo yavo yokufambisa ngarava nemitoo, pamwe chete noruzivo rwokuzviwanira rwavakagadzira, zvakavabvumira kufamba munzira refu dzokuenda kuchamhembe nokumaodzanyemba, vachisvika kuCentral America, uko mateko eSpondylus akawanikwa mune kumwe kuchera, moluska akaberekerwa kuEcuador nePeru, ane goko. raishandiswa kugadzira zvishongo, zvishongedzo, zvishongo zvemariro, nezvimwe.
Izvi zvinoratidza mukana wenzira yekutengeserana kweSpondylus kuburikidza nePacific uye iyo yaisanganisira maguta kubva kuMichoacán (Mexico), Central America, Colombia neEcuador, inosvika kunyika dzePeruvia.
Ivo zvakare vanopa iyo inonzi yekutengeserana katatu iyo inosanganisira Collao Plateau, mahombekombe epakati penharaunda yePeruvia uye nzvimbo yekuchamhembe kwenyika yeEcuadorian. Zvigadzirwa zvinotengeswa zvinosanganisira nyama yakaomeswa, makushe. simbi etc Pesvedzero yavo yekutengeserana yakasvika kumatunhu eInca, kare vasati vabatana.
Panyaya yekurima, vakagadzira hunyanzvi hwakawanda uye matekinoroji, kurima hunyanzvi uye masisitimu ekudiridza. Vakagadzirira nzvimbo yekudyara, vachiiisa mupfudze neguano, chitubu chinobva mukuunganidzwa kwendove yezviremwaremwa, shiri nezvisimbiso, uyewo nemusanganiswa wevhu nemhuka dzakafa.
Artic kutaura uye tekinoroji
Pavakazogara mumupata, chinchas yakagadzira akawanda akapfuma uye akasiyana hunyanzvi uye hunyanzvi, ndizvo zvakaita basa ravo rekuvaka, ceramics, navigation, nezvimwe.
Navigation ine chekuita
Vaizivikanwa nekuve vafambisi vezvikepe vakakura uye nekugadzira nzira dzakawanda dzakaita kuti ive yakachengeteka. Vakagadzirawo uye vakavaka mabhoti makuru ane maseiri. Chikepe chimwe nechimwe chaitakura vanhu vangangosvika makumi maviri, pamwe nemutoro. Zvinonzi ava vafambisi vegungwa vakasvika mativi eCentral America sorutivi rwenzira dzavo dzokutengeserana.
Cerámica
Sampuli dzeceramic kubva kuChincha tsika dzinochengetedza pesvedzero yavo kubva kutsika yeNazca, kunyanya mukushandiswa kwemavara kushongedza uye maumbirwo ejometri, akafanana chaizvo neaya emucheka. Vane zvakare imwe simba reWari neInca, rinoratidza hukama hwenguva dzose nharaunda dzemahombekombe neavo vanogara pakati pePeruvia nzvimbo dzakakwirira nenzvimbo dzakapoteredza.
Zvidimbu zvinowanzopendwa nemavara matsvuku uye ecarmine matsvuku, anoratidza magadzirirwo ejometri, rhombuses, zig-zag, madenderedzwa, akarongwa mumitsara. Mamwe akanga akashongedzwa nemifananidzo yemhuka, kazhinji kacho shiri kana kuti shiri, asi izvi zvakanga zvisina kunyanyozivikanwa.
Midziyo, kunyanya iya yekushandiswa kwemhemberero, yaive yakakora, yakatinai, uye ine muromo wakapamhama wakatambanudzirwa kunze.
Zvimwe zvidimbu zvakashongedzwawo nemamwe maumbirwo nemhando dzemhuka dzisinganzwisisike dzine makumbo mana ane mamwe akafanana neembwa kana katsi uye mamwe akafanana neshiri ine muromo wakakombama.
Manyorerwo ehari yeChincha akapesvedzera tsika dzakavakidzana, semuenzaniso, muCañete pottery zvakajairika kuona chimwe chinhu chechimiro. Zvinoenderana nekuunganidza kunowanikwa mukuchera kwakaitwa munzvimbo dzakasiyana dzemupata, semuenzaniso, muTambo de Mora, Chincha ceramics inoparadzaniswa kuita nhanho mbiri:
- Ini Chincha-gare gare, uko pasina hukama kana pesvedzero nemaitiro eIncas.
- II Chincha-gare gare, yakabatana kana kufurirwa neimwe nzira nemhando dzeIncas.
Zvidimbu zvese pamberi pematanho aya anozivikanwa seProto-Chincha, kureva, pamberi peChinchas kana pamberi pechinchas.
Architecture
Tsika dzeChincha, sevamwe vamwe vari padyo nenzvimbo yemahombekombe ePeruvia, vakashandisa adobe kune zvivakwa zvavo zvekuvaka, izvo zvinonyanya kutarisana nemipata yeChincha, Tambo de Mora, Lurincincha neSan Pedro, nzvimbo dzinogara nzvimbo dzakakosha hutungamiri nemhemberero.
Nzvimbo yaro huru uye sampuli yekuvaka yainzi Huaca La Centinela, inogara zviuru zvevagari vemo uye kubva kwaigara network yemigwagwa nemigwagwa mikuru yaitambanuka mubani nekupfuura, pakati pemakore 900 ne1450 mushure maKristu.
Yakagadzirwa neadobe pachikuva chinoyemurika, piramidhi hombe rainzi Sentinel ndiyo nzvimbo yaigara vatungamiri vechincha, uyewo kuva nzvimbo yemhemberero, yakakomberedzwa nemamwe mapiramidhi maduku, asi sezvakangoita, akaparadzaniswa nemadziro uye nzira dzakatetepa.
Zvivako izvi zvaive mizinda yevakuru veChincha uye aive akaumbwa nemapuratifomu akakwirira, epamusoro ari makamuri uye vharanda akakosha. Patsoka dzayo pakanga pane nzvimbo huru yekugara uko vagari venzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana dzekutengeserana: varimi, mhizha, vabati vehove, nezvimwewo, vaipedza mazuva avo.
Chivezwa
Zvakajairika kugadzira zvidhori zvemapuranga zvakashongedzwa nezvishongo zvakasiyana, kazhinji zvezvidzoreso zvengarava, zvikwasvi kana maturusi ekushanda pasi.
Pane zvidimbu zvichiri kuchengetedza mavara, tsvuku, girini, bhuruu, yero, yepepuru toni, pakati pevamwe. Semuyenzaniso mamwe makwasvi, akakwenenzverwa kwazvo anoyera pakati pemita imwe nembiri. Kuveza kunoitwa muchidimbu chehuni, chinoratidza zvakajeka zvikamu zvitatu.
- Foshoro: ine rectangular, sandara uye yakatsetseka chimiro, ivo havawanzo kuve nekuveza kana matombo.
- Bata uye yekupedzisira: akavezwa kana akavhurika, ane akapfava uye ane hunyanzvi zvimiro zvevanhu, mhuka dzakadai seshiri nehove, uye maumbirwo ejometri. Kune mamwe matinji ane mamwe mateko uye zvimwe zvakaiswa zvishongo.
Pamusoro pezvo, kune zvimiro zvidiki zvevanhu uye misoro isina kuenzana, yakafanana nekuveza kwezvikwasvi, izvi zvinowanzo fararira, hazvina vhoriyamu yakakura.
Zvimwe zvimedu, izvo zvinofungidzirwa kuva matanda anoshandiswa kune zvimwe zvivakwa zvakagadzirirwa mhemberero dzechitendero, zvinopa mufananidzo wakavezwa kumagumo kwebhawa, munhu ane hunhu hwevanhu, pamwe nemapitchforks, hunde kana Y-yakaita matanda anoshanda kutsigira mapazi. , slats, nezvimwewo uye kuti akanga akavezwa nezviso.
textiles
Vaishanda zvakanyanya nedonje, vaine simba reNazca neParaca, vakagadzira zvidimbu zvakanaka, zvakapfava uye zvakaoma. Magadzirirwo uye mavara akafanana neaya anoshandiswa mumakeramiki anomira pachena, kazhinji geometric, munhu uye zoomorphic.
Kuwanikwa uye kudzidza kweChincha tsika
Munguva yekukunda kweSpain uye kuumbwa kwenyika dzePeruvia, vanyori vekuEurope vakasiya ruzivo nezvedzimwe tsika, kusanganisira Chincha. Zvimwe zvezvinyorwa zvinodudza humambo munharaunda yemupata uye mambo aivepo muCajamarca, uko mambo weInca, Atahualpa, akatorwa akaurayiwa.
Nekudaro, kufarira mukudzidza kwenharaunda iyi kwakataurwa nevanyori, kunoonekwa apo mucheri wekare wekuGermany Max Uhle, uyo akaronga nzendo dzakati wandei kuburikidza neAmerica, akachera munzvimbo iyi akawana sampuli dzakamutsa kufarira kudzidza tsika iyoyo. Columbian
Pakutanga yaionekwa seproto-archaeology, dzaive zvidzidzo zvekutanga zvetsika dzechivanhu muPeru zvakaiswa muzviito nemapoka akasiyana evanhu vaive nechido chakanyanya muzvinyorwa zvekare zvetsika dzepakutanga, pakati pezana ramakore rechi XNUMX nerechi XNUMX.
Mapoka ekufambisa muzviitiko zvakawanda akaumbwa nevanhuwo zvavo, vechitendero nevechiuto, vakatsvaga kuongorora uye kusvika kune tsika idzi, nechinangwa chekuziva nekudzidza ivo, vachizviona ivo mapiyona ekuchera matongo muPeru.
Zvidimbu zvakawanikwa nekuda kwekuchera zvakaonekwa uye mufananidzo wemifananidzo, mifananidzo uye mifananidzo yemahara zvakaitwa, zvichienderana netsanangudzo.
Kusvika kuzana remakore rechiXNUMX, vazhinji vaitungamirirwa nevanhu vakavhenekerwa kubva mukondinendi yekare, vasingafariri kwete botany uye geography chete, asiwo mune zvekare uye mamwe marudzi ezvimwe zvidzidzo zvepasi rose.
Kufarira kwakadaro kwakaita kuti vapinde munzvimbo dziri kure, dzakadai semakomo eAndean, nzvimbo dzerenje, mipata uye mapani enharaunda yePeruvia.
Isu tinokurudzira mamwe malink kubva kublog yedu, angangove aunofarira iwe: