Cinema, mitambo yemavhidhiyo uye akatevedzana akakwanisa kufambisa tsika dzakasiyana siyana, ingave yazvino kana yekare. Imwe yacho yave ichikwira kwemamwe makore ndeyeNordic imwe. Uye hazvishamisi, nokuti mararamiro avo nezvitendero zvavo zvechitendero zvinopa zvakawanda zvekutamba. Asi unganyatsoziva here kuti Viking chii? Kana zvisina kudaro, ndinokurudzira kuti utarise chinyorwa ichi.
Isu hatingotsanangure chete kuti Viking chii, asi isu tichapindurawo avo vaiva nemukurumbira munhau uye kuti ndezvipi zvaiva zvitendero zvavo zvorudzidziso. Ndinovimba ruzivo urwu runobatsira kwauri!
Chii chinonzi Viking uye chii chaakaita?
Kana tichitaura nezve maVikings, tinotaura nezvevarwi veNorse vakamboita mhirizhonga. Vaigara mumataundi aibva kuScandinavia uye vakatanhamara pamusoro pezvose kuva vafambisi vezvikepe vakatanhamara uye nokuda kwokurwiswa kwakasiyana-siyana nokupamba kwavakaita muEurope. Zvisinei, hazvisi zvose zvaiva zvehondo nokupamba. VaViking vaivawo vabati vehove nevarimi, pasinei nemamiriro okunze akaipa edzimba dzavo.
Kana ari mukadzi weViking, akaita basa rakanakisa semukadzi wemba. Mabasa ake aive akanangana nehupfumi hwakazvimirira uye vainzwisisa basa rakawanda apo dzimwe nhengo dzemhuri, dzakadai sababa nevanakomana, dzaibva pamba dzichienda kunotsvaka zvinhu, uko kwaigona kutora mavhiki kana kuti kunyange mwedzi. Nekuda kwekutora uku kwemabasa, vakadzi veViking vairemekedzwa zvakanyanya. Pamusoro pazvo, vaitarisira kupfuudzira tsika dzemhuri uye kudzivirira kukudzwa kwemhuri yavo.
Izvo zvinofanirwa kucherechedzwa kuti Vakadzi veViking vaive nerusununguko rwakanyanya kana vachienzaniswa nedzimwe tsika nemagariro emazuva ano. Vaive nemikana yakasiyana-siyana kana zvasvika pakujoinha nharaunda yeruzhinji uye izvi zvaisatsamira pabonde ravo, asi pachinzvimbo chavo chemagariro uye dzinza ravo. Naizvozvo, zvakanga zvisiri zvechienzi kuti mukadzi aende kuhondo pamwe chete nevarume, kana kuti kuita mamwe mabasa ezvamatongerwe enyika, somuenzaniso. Vakadzi veNordic vaigona kuita mabasa akasiyana uye pakanga pasina kugadzirisa kwekuzviisa pasi kwavo. Nekudaro, izvi zvakaitika mushure mekunge nzanga yeViking yaenda kuchiKristu.
Chii chinonzi Viking inonyanya kuzivikanwa?
Zvino zvataziva kuti Viking chii, ngatitaurei nezvazvo inonyanya kukosha. Kusvikira nhasi, zvichida inonyanya kuzivikanwa ndeye Ragnar Lodbrok. Izvi zvine mukurumbira wepasi rose kune akateedzana anonzi "Vikings", ayo anofemerwa nenyaya yeiyi ngano yeNorse. Nekudaro, kune mamwe maViking akamira pachena munhoroondo yese, senge anotevera:
- Erik the Red: Anozivikanwawo saErik Thorvaldsson, Viking uyu akaberekerwa muNorway yemazuva ano kutenderera gore ra950, uye akatanhamara mukutora Greenland.
- Leif Erikson: Ndiye mwanakomana waErik Mutsvuku. Maererano nengano, Viking uyu akasvika muAmerica Christopher Columbus asati auya. Naizvozvo, haigone kushaikwa pakati pevaViking vane mukurumbira munhoroondo.
- Ragnar Lodbrock: Vese Ragnar Lodbrok nevanakomana vake vese vanozivikanwa nhoroondo dzehuwandu hwekukunda uye kupambwa kwavakaita muEurope. Akanga ari protagonist yenyaya dzakanzi "Vikings" akatungamirira hondo huru yechihedheni yakakwanisa kutonga chikamu chinokosha cheEngland.
- Canute the Great: Uyu ndiye Mambo weDenmark. Basa rake rinoshamisa nderekukwanisa kukunda chikamu chose chekumabvazuva kweEngland.
Harald Harardrade
Pakati peanonyanya kuzivikanwa maVikings isu tinofanirwa kuratidza Harald Haardrade, anozivikanwawo saHarald the Merciless, nekuti zvinofungidzirwa kuti ndiye aive mambo wekupedzisira weViking aivepo. Achiri muduku zvikuru, akatizira kuConstantinople. Ikoko akanga ari chikamu che "Varega Guard", iyo yainyanya kuva murindi wega wevatongi veByzantine.
Nemhaka yepfuma iyo Harald Haardrade akaunganidza muConstantinople, akakwanisa kugoverana umambo hweNorway nemuzukuru wake, ainzi Magnus I Akanaka, achimupa hafu yezvinhu zvake. Zvisinei, nguva pfupi gare gare, muzukuru wake akafa mumamiriro ezvinhu echienzi. Kuti, Harald the Merciless akakwanisa kuva mutongi ega weNorway.
Pashure pokunge aziva kuti William the Bastard, uyo akazozivikanwa zviri nani soMukundi, aida kutora England, Harald akagadzira mhuri kuratidza kuti aiva nekodzero yokuva mambo weEngland. Somugumisiro, akabatana nomukoma waMambo Harold II weEngland, ainzi Tostig, kuunganidza uto ndokukunda nyika iyoyo. Vakamhara kuchamhembe ndokupinda munzira vakananga kuguta reYork. Mambo Harold II akafamba nemauto ake achitsvaga maVikings aipinda nechisimba uye Akauraya mambo wekupedzisira weViking paHondo yeStamford Bridge. kunyanya munaGunyana 25 wegore 1066.
VaViking vaiva nezvitendero zvipi zvechitendero?
Sezvo vazhinji venyu munotoziva, maVikings aimbove vahedheni uye vanamati vakawanda, zvinoreva kuti vaitenda muna vamwari vakawanda. Vamwari ava vaimiririra masimba echisikigo nemamwe mafungiro akawanda. Pakati pevanonyanya kuzivikanwa ndiOdin, mwanakomana wake Thor uye Freya akanaka. Zvisinei, kutenda kwake kwakachinja nekufamba kwenguva apo kuitwa kwechiKristu kweScandinavia kwakatanga.
Kusiyana nezvinotendwa nevanhu vakawanda, maVikings akanga asiri evahedheni vakafanana vasati vatendeukira kuchiKristu. christianity. Vazhinji vavo vakanga vatotendeuka zvishoma nezvishoma. Izvi zvaigona kuitika pavanenge vachipinda mune dzimwe nyika kana kuti nemamongi emamishinari. Nhamba yevaKristu veViking yakanga ichiwedzera, ichipa nzvimbo kuchiKristu ichitsiva chihedheni zvishoma nezvishoma. Zvisinei, zvitendero zvekare zvakaramba zviripo kusvikira muzana remakore rechiXNUMX. Shanduko yakakosha munhoroondo yeViking yakaitika apo madzimambo avo akatendeuka ndokuisa kutenda kwechiKristu kuvanhu veNorse.
Mukati memakore ekuchinja kwechitendero, kutenda kwevaNorse vevazhinji kwakapesvedzerwa nechiKristu. Mazhinji masosi akatipa ruzivo rwatinarwo nhasi nezve maVikings akanyorwa nemaKristu. Naizvozvo hazvishamisi kuti nhamba huru yengano uye tsananguro asi zvinoenderana nemaonero echiKristu maererano nengano dzeNorse.
Zviri pachena kuti nhoroondo yeVikings yakaratidza Europe zvakanyanya munguva dzekare. Kunyangwe chiri chokwadi kuti zvinhu zvakawanda zvine chekuita nemararamiro avo netsika zvakatorwa, zvinhu zvakawanda zvicharamba zvakavanzika.