Izwi Kremlin kazhinji inobuda munhau; zvakatonyanya kuwanda kubva Russia yakatanga hondo yayo neUkraine. Kazhinji, vanhu vanosanganisa izwi nechigaro chesimba rehurumende yeRussia. Kufunga kuti yakafanana neMoncloa muSpain uye White House muUS.
Zvisinei, pano tichakuudza chii ndiyo kremlin, iyo inonyanya kuratidza uye inomiririra nzvimbo yeguta reMoscow.
Chii chinonzi Kremlin?
Izwi rekuti Kremlin rinobva pa guta rakavakirirwa iyo inotsanangura. Iyo Moscow Kremlin ine 27 mahekita yenyika yakakomberedzwa 2500 mamita yemadziro akabatanidzwa 20 shongwe 80 mamita kureba. Iyo Kremlin inomiririrwa nemadziro ayo matsvuku uye tsvuku tsvuku-yakafanana nenyeredzi mamiriro ekunze pamusoro peshongwe dzayo.
Kune dzinenge 20 kremlins dzakapararira muRussia yose. Zvisinei, Moscow Kremlin ndiyo ine mukurumbira kupfuura dzose. Iko kuunganidzwa kwemakathedrals, dzimba dzemadzimambo uye zvimwe zvivakwa zvakavakwa panguva yeTsarist. Muna 1990, yakanyorwa seUNESCO World Heritage Site. uyo ari muMoscow, inoonekwa senzvimbo yepamutemo yebasa remutungamiri wenyika, kunyange zvazvo kusiri kumba kwake kwemazuva ose.
Kwakabva Kremlin
Iyo Kremlin yeMoscow yakabva kunhare yemapuranga akarayira muzana remakore rechiXNUMX naPrince Yury Dolgoruky. MaMongolia akaparadza nhare yacho muzana remakore rechiXNUMX, uye vaTatar vakaiparadza mune rimwe zana remakore. Kunyange zvazvo pasina kuparadza kwakanga kuri nyore, zvose zvakazowanwa.
Iyo nhare chena ine shongwe pfumbamwe yakarairwa naPrince Dmitri Donskoi uye yakavakwa mukupera kweXNUMXth uye kutanga kweXNUMXth century. Icho chikamu cheKremlin nyowani iyo yatove yakavakwa semusha wemuchinda nemhuri yehumambo yeMoscow. Uye zvakare, zvimwe zvikamu zvakati wandei zveKremlin nyowani zvakatovakwa panguva ino.
Ivan III akatonga panguva XV-XVI remakore. Panguva yekutonga kwake kubwinya kweKremlin kwakatanga; yakaramba ichikura munguva inotevera 200 makore. senhau iyo Palacio de Granovitaja, iyo Torre del Salvador uye madziro anomira kunze. Munguva yekutonga kwaIvan, zvivako zvakati zvakakosha zvakavakwa muKremlin: Annunciation Cathedral, Assumption Cathedral uye Chechi yeMuponesi. Mukuwedzera, Ivan akarayira kuvakwa kwemamwe macathedrals maviri: Cathedral yeMutumwa Mukuru Mikaeri uye imwe yakatsaurirwa kuUtatu Hutsvene. Pakupedzisira, mutsivi waIvan akaenderera mberi nekuvaka Grand Kremlin Palace.
Kuchinja kwaOctober muna 1917 kwaiva kuchinja kukuru kweMoscow Kremlin. Chiitiko ichi chakakonzera kuti Demetrius uye Ascension monasteries kutsiviwa nezvivakwa zvehurumende. Zvakare, iyo nzvimbo yakave yakasimba zvakanyanya nezvinenge zvivakwa zvese zveveruzhinji zvakavharirwa vashanyi.
Hurumende yeRussia yakasarudza kudzoreredza zvivakwa zvakaderera uye kuvaka Congress Palace, musimboti wehupenyu hwake hwezvematongerwo enyika, mu 1940 y 1960.
Chii chekushanyira?
Rwendo rwekuenda kuMoscow usina kuona Kremlin unoonekwa seusina kukwana nevashanyi vazhinji. Izvi zvinodaro nekuti ndizvo chimwe chezvinhu zvakakosha zvinokwezva muguta, uyewo kubva kumativi ose eRussia. Iyo Moscow Kremlin ine zvivakwa zvekare, machechi uye mamuseum. Sekuda kuziva, macathedrals akagovaniswa akatenderedza nzvimbo huru imwechete, uyu uri moyo weKremlin. Zvadaro, tichazotsanangura zvishoma nezveimwe neimwe yenzvimbo idzi.
Kremlin Armory Museum
Iyo Kremlin Armory ndeimwe yeakanakisa mamuseum munyika. Iine muunganidzwa wakakura wehupfumi hwakasiyana, kusanganisira mazai eFabergé, zvipfeko, zvombo, nhumbi dzokurwa, uye zvishongo.
Bell Tower yaIvan Mukuru
Bell tower yaIvan Mukuru yaive chivako chakareba kwazvo muMoscow kwemakore anopfuura 400. Inokwira 80 metres, ingangoita 262 tsoka, pamusoro peCathedral Square, iri zvakare nzvimbo yeKremlin's main cathedral. Ivan's Bell Tower ine museum kwaunogona kuona yese yeMoscow kubva kune yayo shiri-ziso maonero.
Cathedral yeDormition
Iyo Cathedral yeDormition inozivikanwawo seyo Kereke yeKereke; ikereke huru yematombo ine madhomu egoridhe uye ine mavara emifananidzo mukati. Chechi iyi yakavakwa nematombo machena, uye mukati mayo makafukidzwa nemifananidzo uye madhome mashanu egoridhe. Sekuda kuziva, iyi cathedral ndiyo iyo maTsars ese akapfekedzwa korona.
Annunciation Cathedral
Iyi cathedral yakavakwa pakati pezana remakore rechiXNUMX neXNUMX. Magadzirirwo ayo uye kushongedzwa kwaro zvakachinja kuratidza zvinonaka zveimwe neimwe inoteedzana tsar. Iyo ine zvakare madhomu egoridhe, ayo pakutanga aive madhomu matatu, uye nhasi ane dzimba pfumbamwe dzegoridhe.
Ngirozi huru Michael Cathedral
yakavakwa pakati 1505 y 1508 kutora nzvimbo yeimwe temberi yekare, Cathedral yeMutumwa mukuru ine kushongedzwa kwakasimba kwakagadzirwa nemifananidzo yakaisvonaka kubva kuXNUMXth uye XNUMXth mazana emakore, pamwe chete nemifananidzo inoshamisa uye marambi akanaka.
Uyezve, unogona kuwana dzimwe nzvimbo dzakadai se: Grand Kremlin Palace, State Kremlin Palace uye Kugara kweMutungamiri. Idzo dzekupedzisira hadzisi kazhinji dzinonyanya kutariswa nevashanyi.
Kunyange zvazvo Red Square neSt. Basil’s Cathedral zvisina kufanana neKremlin, vanhu vakawanda vanoivhiringidza. Nekudaro, iwo akasiyana zvachose, uye ichiri chimwe chikamu cheMoscow chaunogona kushanyira. Ndinovimba ruzivo urwu rwakabatsira.