Chokwadi iwe unoziva imwe basilica. Izvo zvakakosha zvivakwa zvechitendero, ndicho chikonzero ivo vanowanzova nzvimbo yekufarira vashanyi. Asi iwe unonyatsoziva kuti basilica chii? Yakasiyana sei necathedral? Zvose zvivakwa zvakafanana, asi hazvina kufanana.
Muchikamu chino tichatsanangura kuti basilica chii uye basa rayo chii. Pamusoro pezvo, kuti tirege kuvhiringwa necathedral kana chechi, isu tichapindurawo zvakasiyana sei nezvivakwa zviviri izvi. Kana iwe uchida kuziva zvakawanda nezve izvi zvinomisikidza zvimiro, ini ndinokurudzira kuti urambe uchiverenga.
Basilica ine basa rei?
Tisati tataura nezve basa rayo, isu tichatanga tatsanangura kuti basilica chii. Iri izwi rinobva muchiLatin nechiGiriki uye rinoturikira se "humambo" kana "humambo". Chaizvoizvo i ellipsis yeshoko rechiGiriki βασιλική οἰκία (basiliké oikia) zvinoreva kuti "imba yamambo". Zita rayo rinotoratidza kuti chivakwa chinoshamisira kubva kuGreece neRoma. Mabasilica aive eruzhinji uye aishandiswa kumatare. Mukuwedzera, ivo vakatora nzvimbo yakakosha mumusangano wemaguta eRoma.
Zvisinei, irori rakanga risiri iro roga basa rakaitwa neizvi zvivako zvakaisvonaka. Mabasilica eRoma aive nekushandisa kwakawanda kwatichanyora pazasi:
- Nzvimbo yekusangana yekuti vagari vagadzirise nyaya dzakasiyana dzenharaunda
- Mercado
- Nzvimbo yekunamata
- Kutonga kwekururamisira
- Nzvimbo yekutengeserana kwemari
Pachinhanho chekuvaka, mabasilica aive akakura, makamuri ane rectangular uye akaumbwa neave imwe kana anopfuura, asi nguva dzose aine nhamba isinganzwisisike. Muchiitiko chekuti paive neanopfuura nave imwe, yepakati yaigara yakareba uye yakakura kupfuura uye yaive nembiru dzakati kuti dzaiitsigira. Kuti vavheneke mukamuri racho, vakashandisa musiyano wacho paurefu nokuvhura maburi muchikamu chepamusoro-soro chemadziro. Kazhinji apse kana exedra yakawanikwa kune imwe yemagumo eiyo main nave. Presidence yaimbogadzikwa ipapo. Kuno rumwe rutivi kwakanga kune mukova wapabiravira.
Gare gare munhau, apo chiKristu chakamuka muzana ramakore rechina, vaKristu vakashandisa zvivako zvakawanda zveRoma kuti vatange nzvimbo yechitendero yepamutemo imomo, kuti vachengete riturgy. Pakati pezvivakwa izvi paivawo netemberi. Kamwe hushe hweRoma hwakashandurwa zviri pamutemo kuita chiKristu, Izwi rekuti “basilica” rakatanga kushandiswa kureva makereke akakosha uye makuru aive neropafadzo dzekunamata nedzetsika chaidzo. Saka tinogona kutaura pamusoro pezvivakwa izvi tichivapa nzira yechitendero kana yekuvaka.
Chii chinodiwa kuti chechi ive basilica?
Zvino zvatava kuziva kuti basilica chii uye basa rayo chii, ngationei kuti chii chinoita kuti ive chechi inoshamisa zvakadaro. Kunyange zvazvo chiri chokwadi kuti zvakavakwa kare chiKristu chisati chatanga, zvivako izvi zvinonzi machechi. Asi musiyano upi? Kuti chechiwo zvayo ionekwe sebasilica, inofanira kuwana zita rekuremekedza iroro. Pope pachake ndiye ane mhosva yeizvi. Zvisinei, kuti ndikupe rukudzo rwakadai, chechi inofanira kusangana chimwe chezvimiro zvitatu izvi:
- Iva nezvisaririra zvakasarudzika zvekukosha kunoshamisa.
- Kuve nzvimbo yakakosha yekufambira inopindwa nevazhinji vakatendeka.
- Iva nepamusoro pekuvaka kukosha.
Sezvo mabasilica aine hukama hwakasiyana napontiff mukuru uye Sachigaro weRoma, vese vane mvumo yekuve nejasi ravo remaoko uye vanoratidza pontifical insignia. Nhoo idzi dzine zvishongo zvekunze zvinotevera:
- Basilica chiratidzo nechinyakare insignia yePope: Ndidzo kiyi dzegoridhe nesirivha dzinopindirana. Vanomiririra kiyi dzeUmambo.
- Pavilion: Iyo conopeo inoratidzira isina vapostora see uye mabasilica. Kazhinji ine mavara echipapa echinyakare, angave egoridhe uye akatsvuka zvakadzika. Nenzira iyi kubatana kwechivako ichocho neHoly See kunoratidzwa.
- Motto yeTembere: Inowanikwa pasi penhovo, mubheji rinoratidzwa.
Ndeupi musiyano uripo pakati peKathedral neBasilica?
Hazvishamisi kuvhiringika nezvimwe zvivako zvechitendero zvinoshamisira semabasilica kana macathedral. Kunyange zvazvo dzakafanana zvikuru, pane musiyano mukuru zvikuru maererano nokukosha kwezvose zviri zviviri. Ose ari maviri basilica necathedral machechi. Asi chechi chii chaizvo? Izwi iri rinogona kutsanangurwa nenzira mbiri. Imwe yaizova ungano inoumbwa nevaKristu, uye imwe yacho chivako chakatsaurirwa kunamata Mwari. Mukati meiyi tsananguro yechipiri tinogona kuwana marudzi akasiyana emakereke, akadai sebasilica necathedral, ayo mutsauko uri kunyanya mukukosha kwawo.
Sezvatatotaura pamusoro apa, basilicas yakavakwa kare chiKristu chisati chatanga. Izvi zvivakwa zvakakura uye zvakashongedzwa zvinokatyamadza zvinoshandiswa nhasi kunyanya kufambisa chitendero, asi munguva dzekare, vaGiriki nevaRoma vaizvishandisa sedare. Kubva muzana ramakore rechina, mushure mekuzvarwa kwechiKristu. vanoonekwa semakereke akasarudzika ayo Pope akapa zita rekuremekedza rebasilica, kuzadzisa chimwe chezvinodikanwa zvatakaronga muchikamu chapfuura.
Zvino isu tine mubvunzo mumwe chete wasara kuti upindure: Chii chinonzi kereke huru? Rudzi urwu rwekuvaka runowanikwa pasi rose uye zviyero uye mafomu ekuvaka anosiyana zvakanyanya. Kusiyana nemabasilicas, macathedrals ekare anozivikanwa anotangira pakumuka kwechiKristu. Nekudaro, musiyano mukuru pakati pemakereke ese ari maviri ndewekuti basilica iri nezita rekuremekedza, nepo cathedral ine chigaro kana chigaro chabhishopi wedhiocese yacho. Saka tinogona kutaura kuti ndiyo kereke huru yechiKristu munzvimbo iyi.
Neruzivo urwu rwese ndinovimba ndajekesa kuti basilica chii uye kuti yakasiyana sei necathedral. Pasina kupokana, iwo akanaka kwazvo uye anoyevedza zvivakwa zvakakodzera kushanyirwa, kana tikawana mukana.