Kune marudzi akawanda ezvitendero munyika uye chimwe nechimwe chine maitiro akasiyana. Vanhu vazhinji havazivi chii chinonzi islam uye ndeapi maitiro ayo. ChiIslam chitendero chechitendero chimwe chete chakabuda paArabia Peninsula mukutanga kwezana ramakore rechinomwe, apo muporofita wechiArabu. Muhammad akatanga kuparidza kuteerera mwari anonzi Allah.
Kana iwe uchida izvo Islam, maitiro ayo uye nhoroondo, pano tinoita sumo pfupi.
Ndeapi maitiro eIslam
ChiIslam ndicho chimwe chezvitendero zvikuru zvechitendero chimwe chete munyika yose pamwe chete nechiJudha nechiKristu. Sezvo zvakadaro, inonzi inovandudza kudavira muna Mwari mumwe chete, denga, uye hero izvo zvaitovako muzvitendero zvekare zvaidavira kuti kuna Mwari mumwe.
Vaya vanoita chiIslam vanonzi vaMuslim, izwi rinoreva "teerera kuda kwaAllah". ChiIslam parizvino ndicho chitendero chechipiri pakukura pasi rose mushure mechiKristu. ane angangoita 1.800 mamiriyoni evateveri, kana kuti inenge 25 muzana yevagari vepasi. Ndivo vanoumba ruzhinji rwevagari venyika makumi mashanu. Pakati pavo, nhamba huru yevaMuslim iIndonesia iri muSoutheast Asia.
Islam yakakamurwa kuita matavi maviri makuru: Sunni neShia. Pakati pehuwandu hwevaMuslim, vanosvika 87% vaSunni uye 13% maShia. Ruzhinji rwevaShiites (68% kusvika 80%) vanogara munyika dzeAsia dzakadai Iran, Iraq, Bahrain neAzerbaijan.
Kwakabva Islam
Muvambi weIslam, Muhammad, akaberekerwa muguta re Mecca muArabia Peninsula mugore 570 AD Achiri kuyaruka akazvitsaurira kune kutengeserana kwekaravhani. Pazera remakore 40, akanga achigara ari oga mubako nechokunze kweguta. Maererano negamuchidzanwa, anoshanyirwa naJibril (Ngirozi huru Gabrieri), uyo anozivisa kuti akasarudzwa somuporofita worudzidziso rutsva.. Muhammad akadzokera kuMecca ndokutanga kuparidza chiIslam.
Panguva iyoyo, vagari veMecca vainamata vanamwari vakawanda nokuti vainamata vamwari vakawanda, vane mifananidzo yaiva muKaaba pakati peguta. Mashumiro anoshandisa vamwari vanonamatwa muKaaba akatyisidzirwa nemharidzo dzaMuhammad uye akatongerwa rufu. Kutiza mutongo iwoyo, Muhammad akatizira kuguta reMedina muna 622. Kudzingwa uku, kunozivikanwa se Hijra, akaratidzira mavambo okuverengwa kwenguva kwechiMuslim. Kureva, VaMuslim vanotanga kuverenga makore kubva pane izvi.
MuMedina, simba raMuhammad nomukurumbira zvakawedzera uye nokukurumidza vagari vemo vakawanda vakagamuchira chitendero chitsva. Nebetsero yavo, Muhammad akadzokera kuMecca muna 630, akatora Mecca, uye akaita Kaaba nzvimbo tsvene yeIslam. Pashure pokukurirwa kweMecca, chiIslam chakatanga kupararira nokukurumidza muArabia Peninsula yose, chikava chinhu chinobatanidza marudzi akasiyana eArabhia.
Apo Muhammad akafa muna 632, caliph akabudirira semutongi wemweya uye wenyika wevaMuslim vose. Macalifa ekutanga aive Abu Bakr, Umar, Uthman naAli. Vakafambisa kupararira kweIslam mukati Palestine, Siria, Armenia, Asian Mesopotamia, Persia, uye North Africa.
Muna 661, Muawiyah wemhuri yeUmayyad akabvisa Ali uye akatanga caliphate muSyria. Mukutonga kwake, VaMuslim vakapararira kuIndia, North Africa uye Iberian Peninsula. Kubvutwa kwesimba kweUmayyad kwakaratidza shanduko munhoroondo yeIslam, sezvo maShiite akavaona sevapambi uye panzvimbo pacho vakaziva vazukuru vaAli sevadyi venhaka vakakodzera.
Zviri sei?
ari mainini zveIslam ndizvo zvinotevera:
- Es mumwe uye namata Allah chete.
- Bhuku rake dzvene ndiro Korani. Korani zvinoreva "dzokorora" nokuti, kuvaMuslim, ishoko rakataurwa naMwari kuMuporofita. Muhammad akarondedzera zvakazarurwa izvi kumhuri yake, shamwari dzake, uye vadzidzi vake, avo vakaunganidza mashoko emudzidzisi wavo mushure mekufa kwake, nokudaro vachiumba Korani. Shoko guru reKorani nderekuti vanhu vanofanira kugamuchira Allah saMwari oga uye vararame maererano nemirairo yake. Izvo zvakakosha kuti muMuslim wese agamuchire izwi rega rega reKorani sechirevo chaicho chaMwari uye kuridzidza kubva paudiki. Maererano neKoran, vaMuslim vose vanofanira kudavira mugumo, kumutswa kwevakafa, uye upenyu pashure porufu.
- Iyo inonyanya kukosha tsvene uye nzvimbo yekufambisa iKaaba muguta reMecca, Saudi Arabia. Vanozvipira kubva kumativi ose enyika vanoenda ikoko kunonamata kashanu pazuva.
Kunze kwekuve chitendero, Islam inoonekwawo senzira yehupenyu inotungamira vateveri vayo kurunyararo nekunakidzwa kwepfungwa. - Nzvimbo inoshandiswa pakunamatira nekunamata ndiyo mosque, inonzi imba yaAllah. Mumamosque, mifananidzo yeunyanzvi yaAllah naMuhammad inorambidzwa nekuti inofungidzirwa kuti inotungamira mukunamata zvidhori. Mumisikiti yese, matsime emvura akaisirwa kuti vanamati vazvichenese nemvura vasati vapinda muimba yekunamatira.
- Vatendi vanogona kutaura zvakananga naMwari pasina kudiwa kwemurevereri. Izvi zvinoreva kuti pakati pevaMuslim hapana vaprista, asi vatungamiri vemweya vanonzi magnets, iyo inowanzorairwa nenharaunda pachayo.
- Kune maviri makuru mapazi eIslam: Sunni kana Shia, avo vanoziva kuva pamutemo kwevacalifa vana vokutanga, uye vaShiite, vatsigiri vomukuwasha waMuhammad, Ali, kubvira paakaroora mwanasikana wake Fatima. Musiyano mukuru pakati pezviviri izvi chimiro chemagneti. MaShia anotenda kuti vatungamiri vemweya ava havakanganisi muzvinhu zvose, zviito, misimboti nezvitendero. Kune veSunni, kune rumwe rutivi, imam anogona kunge ari chero munhu anoziva tsika dzemunamato wechiIslam. Mumwe mutsauko ndewekuti, kuwedzera kuKorani, MaSunni zvakare vateveri veSunna, inova muunganidzwa wedzidziso dzaMuhammad, zvirevo, uye tsigiro.
Ndinovimba ruzivo urwu rwakabatsira kwauri, asi kana uchida kuziva zvakawanda unogona kupinda pano.