Kana iwe uchida kuziva zvishoma nezve Architecture yeChavín Culture kuvana nevakuru, tinokukoka iwe kuti ushanyire chinyorwa ichi chinonakidza uye chinoshamisa, chakatsaurirwa kunyika ino kunyanya uye kuonga kushamisa kwetsika dzayo, pamwe chete nenzvimbo dziri pedyo nenzvimbo ino. Usazvipotsa!
Architecture yeChavín Tsika: Hunhu uye Anonyanya Kuzivikanwa Mabasa
Chavín architecture yaive prehistoric architecture yakagadzirwa muAndes yePeru, yairatidza nzira dzakasiyana siyana dzekugadzira zvine hunyoro hwakasimba uye hwemweya. Nzvimbo huru yekuchera matongo kwakawanikwa zvisaririra zvake inozivikanwa seThe Ancient Temple.
Chavín chivakwa chakagadzirwa mumakomo eAndean kuchamhembe kwePeru kubva 900 BC. kusvika 300 BC C. Chavín zvivakwa zvakapesvedzera dzimwe budiriro mumhenderekedzo yePeruvia.
Nzvimbo inonyanya kuzivikanwa yekuchera matongo nzvimbo yeChavín tsika iChavín de Huantar, iri munzvimbo dzakakwirira dzeAndean dzemazuva ano Ancash. Inofungidzirwa kuti yakavakwa kutenderera 900 BC. C. uye yakanga iri nzvimbo yokusangana yorudzidziso neyezvamatongerwe enyika yavanhu veChavín. Yakaziviswa seWorld Heritage Site neUNESCO.
Mavakirwo eChavín akanga akazara nematombo makuru akavakirwa zvinangwa zvechitendero kana zvematongerwo enyika. Uyezve, sezvo vaChavine vaigara mumakomo uye kumahombekombe, vaifanira kugadzira nzira dzakasiyana dzekuvaka dzakavatungamirira kuti vaite zvitsva. Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana zvakashandiswa zvichienderana nemamiriro ezvinhu ekuvaka.
Hunhu hunhu hweChavín architecture
Zvinhu zviripo pane ino saiti zvinopupurira dhizaini yakasarudzika, budiriro uye aesthetics yeiyo lithic art ye synthesis yematombo emakuva, matanda, makoramu kana zvivezwa.
Zvigadzirwa zvinoratidzira zvirevo zvechitendero chavo, chiratidzo chavo, chirevo chetsika uye kushandiswa kwemhemberero, pamwe chete nebasa renzvimbo nenzvimbo dzekuvaka kunyanya.
Ivo zvakare vanomiririra Chavín nzanga uye nzira yekushanduka kwenhoroondo inoratidza matanho akasiyana ekuvaka uye emagariro mamiriro, nekuda kwekuenderera mberi kwemabasa emagariro enzvimbo iyo pakupedzisira yakaumba zvivakwa zvayo.
Zvivako zvikuru zvaive zvakaumbwa neU, hunhu hweChavín dhizaini. Nekudaro, ivo vakavakawo zviyeuchidzo uye conical mapiramidhi ane zvakavanzika zvinouya uye kuenda pasi pevhu.
Chavin
Nzvimbo yechitendero inonyanya kukosha muChavín yaive Chavín de Huantar, temberi huru iri muMupata weMosna, iyo kweanopfuura mazana mashanu emakore yakava nzvimbo yakakurumbira yekufamba munharaunda yese yeAndean.
Panzvimbo iyi, kuondomoka kwevhu kwekare kwakasiya maturu akaorera, uye kuswedera kune zvitubu zvakawanda uye matombo makuru uye akasiyana-siyana ezvirongwa zvekuvaka zvakasimbisa kukura kwenzvimbo.
Pakureba kwayo, nzvimbo iyi yaive nevanhu zviuru zviviri kusvika zviuru zvitatu uye yaifukidza maeka angangosvika zana (2,000 m²) Tembere yekare inotangira kuma3,000 BC. C. uye ichokwadi seti yezvivakwa muchimiro cheU. Pakati, masitepisi maviri anotungamira kune chivanze chedenderedzwa pazasi.
Iyo temberi itsva, iyo iri chikamu chekare muChavín de Huantar, inozivikanwa se "El Castillo" uye ine kuwedzera kukuru kudarika temberi yekare.
Kuvakwa kwayo kwakaitwa nematombo makuru uye anorema rectangular uye ine plaza hombe iyo, maererano nevaongorori, ndiyo yaiwanzo shanyira nzvimbo.
Madziro ezvivakwa ane mitsetse ine sikweya uye rectangular matombo ematombo ane mifananidzo yekuchinja uye zvisikwa zveshamanic, zvakavezwa muyamuro yakaderera.Nhamba dzinobatanidza maitiro evanhu nejaguar fangs uye makuhwa uye kupfeka nyoka misoro inomiririra kuona kwemweya.
Kubatanidzwa kwemvura: muenzaniso weChavín architecture
Dhizaini yetembere yeChavín de Huantar, pamwe nemamwe mabasa ekuvaka anoratidzirwa neChavín budiriro, anoratidza hunyanzvi hwekuvaka hwakagadziridzwa kunharaunda yePeruvia yakakwirira.
Izvi zvinoratidza huchenjeri hukuru nebudiriro, zvese zvemichina uye zvemaumbirwo, izvo zvavaive nazvo panguva iyoyo. Kuti vadzivise mafashamo uye kuparadzwa kwetemberi mumwaka wekunaya kwemvura, vanhu verudzi urwu vakagadzira pombi yemvura ine migero pasi pechivako chetemberi.
Tello Obelisk
Iyo Obelisco de Tello, imwe yakakurumbira dhizaini dhizaini, ndeye prismatic granite monolith kubva kuChavín de Huantar nzvimbo yekuchera matongo kuchamhembe-pakati pePeru. Obelisk ine imwe yematombo akaoma kunzwisisa aizivikanwa muAmerica panguva iyoyo.
Chimiro chakareba 2,52 m uye mativi 0,32 m uye 0,12 m paupamhi. Chikamu chepamusoro chepamusoro chinotetepa chikamu chepamusoro chechisere chezviso zviviri zvakafara kusvika pamamita 0,26. Kunze kweiyo notch, mativi mana ese akati sandara.
Iyo yese denderedzwa pabhesi ingangoita 1 mita uye chimiro chinotsvedza zvakaenzana kusvika 0,87 metres mudenderedzwa pane notch. Zviso zvina kana zviso zvakavezwa kubva kumusoro kusvika kuzasi mune zvakaderera zvivezwa zvekuyamura.
Zvinowanzoshandiswa zvinhu
Vanhu veChavín vakashandisa zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana pakuvaka zvivako zvavo. Dombo ndiro rainyanya kushandiswa zvinhu uye mapiramidhi, matsime, mapaza, mapuratifomu uye zvivakwa zvakavakwa nazvo. Zvisinei, zvinhu zvinogona kuchinja zvichienderana nenharaunda.
Semuenzaniso, munzvimbo dzakakwirira dzine njodzi yekunaya kwemvura, dombo raishandiswa, asi munzvimbo dzegungwa dzisina mvura shoma, dzakavakwa nevhu nevhu, saka zvivakwa zvakanga zvichiri zvakasimba asi zvakachengetwa nezvinhu.
Mamwe mabasa akakosha
Pakati pezvivakwa zvayo zvekuvaka iPampa de las Llamas - Moxeque, seti yemapiramidhi maviri akatarisana, achisiya nzvimbo pakati penzvimbo hombe mudunhu reAncash, Peru. Pacopampa, chimiro chekuchera matongo chinowanikwa mumakomo ePeru, chiriwo pakati pemabasa anokosha zvikuru. Pacopampa yaive nzvimbo yekutanga iyo Chavín yekare yaishandisa simbi.
Chongoyape, iyo parizvino inogara hydroelectric centre, yaive chigaro chechipiri chemhemberero chevanhu veChavín. Garagay, imwe yenzvimbo dzakanyanya kukosha dzekare Chavín budiriro. Iine nhamba huru yezvinyorwa zvevhu zvinozivikanwa kubva kuPeru yekare.
Chimiro, maitiro uye mabasa
Kuve dhizaini yebudiriro iyi, dhizaini yekutanga yedhizaini yakapararira mudunhu rese reAndean, yakaratidzwa nekutarisisa kwemweya kwakasimba uye hunyanzvi hwekuvaka.
Chii chakaratidza mavakirwo etsika Chavin
Chokutanga pane zvose, chivakwa cheChavín chetsika chakagadzirwa mumatanho maviri, ayo akasiyaniswa muChavín de Huántar mhemberero, semugumisiro, yekutanga inoreva chivakwa chepakutanga chinonzi Old Temple, iyo yakasiiwa mushure mekuwedzera. kupa nguva yechipiri, yakasarudzwa nekuvakwa kweTemberi Itsva.
Iyo yekuvaka sketch yeChavín yakaratidzwa nekuvakwa kwe "U" maumbirwo ezvivakwa. Pamusoro pezvo, vakavaka mapuratifomu ekusimudza temberi dzine maberere epasi. Vakashandisawo zvekushongedza zvakaita semakona, macornices uye misoro yezvipikiri ine mukurumbira.
Pamusoro pezvo, ava vavaki vatenzi vakagadzira mapiramidhi akachekwa aine ndima kana makamuri, akanyura masikweya ane rectangular, uye makomba akatenderera. Nokuda kweizvi, vakashandisa matombo sechinhu chekuvaka mabasa mumakomo, nepo pamahombekombe vaishandisa dhaka uye adobe.
Pamusoro peizvi, maChavines aive neruzivo rwepamusoro rwekunzwika mu hydraulic engineering, semabasa akaita seaya paChavín de Huántar aive nemigero yaiita manzwi akafanana nekutinhira nekuyerera kwemvura.
Chokwadi dhizaini yese yenzvimbo nenzvimbo dzemavakirwo etsika dzerudzi urwu dzaive nezvinangwa zvechitendero nezvematongerwo enyika.
Mabasa akakosha ezvivakwa Chavin
Iwo anonyanya kuzivikanwa mabasa ekuvaka eChavín tsika akagoverwa mumadhipatimendi anotevera ePeruvia:
Ancash.
Iri mudunhu reHuari, Chavín de Huántar, inoonekwa seyakanyanya kukosha nzvimbo yekufambisa muAndes, inoumbwa nezvivakwa zvine truncated pyramidal shapes, senge tembere yekare, El Castillo kana tembere nyowani uye obelisk yeTello, iyo inoratidza hunyanzvi hweinjiniya uye hunyanzvi mukubata kuveza matombo.
Cajamarca
Yakamisikidzwa pamusoro pechikomo mudunhu reSan Pablo, Kuntur Wasi kana Casa del Cóndor, chivakwa chaive neChavín pesvedzero, chaisanganisira mapuratifomu akatsikwa, rectangular plaza pazasi uye masitepisi mana anotungamira kune akasiyana siyana emariro uye monolithic.
Kune rimwe divi, muSierra Norte, kune Pacopampa, chivakwa chine matatu akaturikidzana mapuratifomu muchimiro chepiramidhi yakaderedzwa.
Zvimwe zviyeuchidzo zvezvivakwa zveChavín tsika iChongoyape muLambayeque, Caballo Muerto muLa Libertad, Garagay muLima neChupas muAyacucho, nokudaro vachiumba chikamu chechiratidzo chikuru chezvemashiripiti-chinamato chebudiriro iyi.
Kana wakawana chinyorwa ichi chinonakidza, tinokukoka iwe kuti unakidzwe nezvimwe izvi: