Zvikwereti zvemari ibasa guru kune vazhinji vevagari venyika. Asi pane imwe nguva panguva iyo kunyange izvi zvinopera. Ngationgororei pamwe chete painorayira chikwereti.
Chikwereti chinorayira rini? Mubvunzo wemukwereti wenguva refu
Mumamiriro ezvemagariro emazuva ano, tinotozviwana zvisina kupusa kubvunza Chikwereti chinorayira rini? Kuvapo kwedu kunotsanangurwa kusvika pamwero wakadaro nemari yatine chikwereti kune zviitiko zvakasiyana-siyana muhupenyu hwedu hwose zvokuti zvinoratidzika kwatiri pakutanga kuona kunyengera kuti chimwe chinhu chinogona kutora uremu uhwu pamapfudzi edu nekungomirira kwechinguva.
Nekudaro, kunyangwe paine zvimwe zvinhu zvinofanirwa kutariswa, izvi ndizvo chaizvo zvinoitika muzviitiko zvakawanda uye mugari wega wega anofanirwa kuziva nezvenguva dzekupera kwezvisungo zvavo zvemari kuti vazive nzira yekuzvibvisa pasina kurwadziwa kwakanyanya.
Kunyorerwa kwechikwereti kwakanyatso kusimbiswa mune mazhinji ekutanga magwaro emitemo yenyika dzepasirese. Semuenzaniso, chinyorwa 1961 cheSpanish Civil Code chinoti zviito zvinorayira kwenguva chete yenguva yakatarwa nemutemo.
Kubva pane izvo zvinotevera kuti zviito zvechikwereti zvinoramba zvinoshanda chete kana zvichiramba mukati meimwe nguva yakatarwa nemagwaro emutemo. Zvinyorwa zvinotevera chinyorwa ichi 1961 inotsanangura imwe neimwe nyaya yechikwereti chingave chiripo neizwi rakapihwa kune yega yega. Nenzira iyi, bato rega rega riri pachinzvimbo chekuziva kuti chikwereti chine chekuita nehupamhi hwacho chinotsanangurwa sei.
Nekudaro, haisi nguva chete inofanirwa kutariswa paunenge uchiongorora kunyorerwa kwechikwereti. Izvo zviito zvakananga zvemukweretesi uye ane chikwereti maererano nechikwereti chiripo chinogona kugadzirisa zvachose mitemo yakasimbiswa, kumanikidzira mamwe mafungiro enguva. Tichazviona zvinotevera.
Kana iwe uine chakanyanya kufarira mamiriro echikwereti, kunyanya zvese zvine chekuita nenzira dzekutsvaga kugadzirisa chikwereti, unogona kuona zvichibatsira kushanyira ichi chimwe chinyorwa pawebhusaiti yedu yakatsaurirwa kune ruzivo uye matipi ekuziva. nzira yekutaurirana chikwereti.
Zvingave zvakakosha kuziva zvese zviri zviviri nguva dzekupera dzakaratidzwa pano uye nzira yekuwana mhinduro pamwe chete nemukweretesi munhaurirano. Tevera chinongedzo! Kana iwe uchida kuziva zvakawanda nezve painorayira chikwereti, ramba uchiverenga chinyorwa ichi.
Mamiriro ezvinhu ekutanga ekuziva Kana uchiraira chikwereti nemazvo?
Sezvatakambotaura, zviito zvemukweretesi uye ane chikwereti zvichibva pachikwereti chiripo icho chine chekuita navo chinogona kunyatso shandura mazwi akaiswa nemutemo. Naizvozvo, zvingave zvakakosha kuti utarise zvinhu izvi kutanga usati waongorora kupera kweimwe neimwe fomu yechikwereti.
Chekutanga ndechekuti hapasati pave nechikumbiro chepamutemo nemukweretesi kuti chikwereti chibhadharwe panguva yese iyi. Izvi zvinodikanwa zvinogona kupihwa zvinoenderana nemaitiro ekutonga, mumatare edzimhosva ane hunyanzvi munyaya iyi, kana kuti extrajudicially, nekutaurirana kwakananga nenzira dzakasiyana nemukwereti kana nezvinodiwa notarial.
Kana chikumbiro chakatsanangurwa chikaitika, mukweretesi ari kumisa nzira yenguva iyo yaizotora chikwereti kune chiremba, sezvo zviri kujekesa kuti chikwereti chichiri kurarama. Zvikasadaro, kana ukasapa chero chinodiwa mukati menguva yakatarwa nemutemo yenyaya yako, izvi zvinoreva kuti nguva icharamba ichimhanya iwe kusvika pakupera kwechikwereti.
Chechipiri chinodiwa ndechekuti mukwereti haana kubvuma kuvapo kwechikwereti. Kubvuma uku kunogona kupiwa zvinyararire mune ipi neipi yekukurukurirana nemukweretesi iyo mukweretesi anogona kupa sehumbowo kana zvakajeka mukutaurirana kumwe chete kana mumatare edzimhosva.
Iyo logic yakafanana neyomuchiitiko chezviito zvekuda kwemukweretesi: kana uyo ane chikwereti achifunga kuti pane chikwereti chinofanira kubhadharwa, mutemo wekukanganisa haugone kuramba uchishanda, chisungo chinoramba chiripo. Pane zvinopesana, kana uyo ane chikwereti akaregeredza uye mukweretesi haadi kubhadharwa, zvinogona kutorwa sekuti chikwereti chiri munzira yekupera nekuzadzikiswa kwenguva yakatarwa. Asi mazwi aya akasiyana kune imwe neimwe rudzi rwechikwereti. Tinobva taona akati wandei enguva idzi sekusimbiswa nemutemo.
Chirevo chechikwereti munyaya yekadhi rechikwereti
Tinotanga nenyaya yemakadhi echikwereti, zvichida rudzi rwechikwereti chinowanzozivikanwa kune mugari weguta ripi neripi uye chisungo chinogona kuwedzerwa zvinouraya nekufamba kwenguva nekuda kwekunyengedzera kwayo uye mubereko. Nokudaro, ihwowo humwe hwezvikwereti umo panogona kuva nechishuwo chakawanda chekupera kwenguva nemunhu ane chikwereti.
Nguva shoma inoratidzwa nemutemo, muchinyorwa 1964.2 cheCivil Code, makore mashanu ekunyorerwa kwechikwereti. Aya makore mashanu anotanga kuverenga kubva panguva iyo zvinokwanisika kukumbira kutevedzwa kwekubhadhara, kureva, kubva pachiitiko chekutanga chechikwereti maererano nechikwereti.
Sezvinotarisirwa, zvakaoma kuti bhanga risaburitse chero chinodiwa chekubhadhara munguva yese iyi. Mari inotarisirwa kubva pakuona kwebhangi kana zvasvika kune makadhi echikwereti inongobva pakugara kwezvikwereti.
Zvisinei, pane zviitiko zvinogona kuitika nenzira iyi, nekuda kwemaitiro ekubatanidza kana kutengeswa kwesangano rinotungamirira mukurasikirwa kwezvinyorwa kana nekuda kwekurasikirwa kwekutsvaga kwemunhu ane chikwereti ari mubvunzo.
Kunyorerwa kwechikwereti munyaya yefaindi
Mafaindi anorairawo, kunyangwe zvichidikanwa kutsanangura mamwe nuances pakati pepfungwa dzakasiyana. Semuenzaniso, chinhu chimwe ndechekupera kwekukanganisa, nekuti masangano akakodzera ekumanikidza haana kuzviita munguva chaiyo yenguva, uye chimwe chinhu chirevo chefaindi pachayo, chirango chehupfumi icho chinodiwa kubhadhara. kubvisa chisungo chekutyora.
Kana tikataura nezvekutanga, kupera kwekukanganisa, isu tinofanirwa kutendeukira kumutemo wetraffic. Muchinyorwa chemutemo ichi tinoudzwa nezvenguva dzakasiyana dzemishonga zvichienderana nekuti kukanganisa kwakakura sei, mukati mechikamu chinoenda kubva padiki, kuburikidza neyakakomba, kusvika kune yakakomba kwazvo. Mhosva yakapfava inopihwa nguva yemwedzi mitatu kuti ipere, kunze kwekunge chirango chisati chamboziviswa kumunhu. Mhosva yechipiri, yakakomba, inopihwa nguva mbiri yemwedzi mitanhatu.
Uye kana pane kukanganisa kwakanyanya, mwedzi mitanhatu inofanirawo kupera isati yabviswa. Muchiitiko chechipiri, nguva iyo iyo faindi inorondedzera, inofungidzirwa kuti kana makore mana apfuura, hazvichakwanisi kukumbira kubhadhara kwechirango.
Kunyorerwa kwechikwereti panyaya yekuroja
Chisungo 166 cheCivil Code chinobata zvakanangana nerendi pasi pechikamu chekutengesa zvivakwa. Mutemo unongoti temu yemakore mashanu ndiyo nguva shoma yekufunga kuti muripo wekubhadhara rendi wapera. Mushure memakore mashanu aya, hazvizove zvakakosha kuti mukwereti abhadhare mubhadharo mumashure.
Ehe saizvozvo, sepanyaya yemakadhi echikwereti nemabhangi, kashoma kuti nguva yemakore mashanu erendi inozadzikiswa pasina muridzi wemba achiti muripo uye kutanga zvichemo zvemutemo. Inofanira kunge iri nyaya yekurebesa kure uye kuregeredza maererano nemidziyo yavo, izvo zvinozopedzisira zvakonzera kunyorerwa kwechikwereti chechikwereti.
Kunyorerwa kwechikwereti muchiitiko chechikwereti
¿Chikwereti chinorayira rini? kana tichitaura nezve mortgage? Ichi chikamu chinotariswa nezviuru zvevakwereti kwese kwese, sezvo mhedzisiro yekuve neiyo default mukati mechikwereti kazhinji isinganakidze uye yakakura.
Kudzoserwa uye kutengeswa kweimba ndiyo idiki inogona kuitika nekuda kwechikwereti chisina kufungidzirwa uye mamiriro acho haawanzo kugumira ipapo, nekuti kazhinji kukosha kwese kweimba hakuvhare zvachose chikwereti nebhangi. Ipapo vanozofanira kuenderera mberi nekuita madhipoziti kuti vapedze kubhadhara remba. Inzira inodhura inogona kutora makore.
Zvinoenderana nechinyorwa 1964 cheCivil Code, zvikwereti zvinopera mushure memakore makumi maviri kubva panguva yekutanga yekusabhadhara. Asi bhanga, sezvingafungidzirwa, harizowanzo kumirira mwedzi inodarika mitatu kuti riite chikumbiro chepamutemo uye kuunganidza zvese zvakakweretwa uye chimbadzo chakakura chinowanikwa pachikwereti.
Makore makumi maviri anobva ashanda sechiratidzo kazhinji anomiririra, asi anoshanda kune mamwe mashoma mashoma ekutadza kubhenga kwakanyanya.
Kunyorerwa kwechikwereti munyaya yeSocial Security
Iyo Social Security fomati inogadza muganho wezvikwereti zvako zvine chekuita nekubhadharwa kwemipiro: makore mana kubva panguva iyo iyo kusabhadhara kwaigona kutorwa. Kana nguva iyi yangopfuura, chisungo chekubhadhara mari yacho chinogona kutorwa sechisina basa, pamwe nemukana wekutemera zvirango kumunhu nesangano.
Asi pane udzame hunofanira kutariswa. Haisi mibhadharo yese ingave yakakonzerwa neSocial Security ine chekuita nezvisungo zvekutanga zvemakota. Kune zvimwe zvikamu, sekubhadharwa kwezvikomborero zvakati, mari yekuzvishandira wega kana mibhadharo yakasiyana-siyana kubva kuhurumende yehurumende, iyo inenge iine mubhadharo wavo, zvikwereti uye nguva yekunyora.
Naizvozvo, zvinodikanwa kuti uve wakanyanya kunyatsoziva nezvekusiyana kwemukati uku, izvo zvinogona kutsanangurwa zvakananga mumahofisi anoenderana.
Senyaya yezvikwereti zvemba kana kadhi rechikwereti kumabhangi, zvakaoma kuti Social Security isade kubhadharwa zuva rekupera risati rasvika makore mana. Panofanira kunge paine nyaya dzisina kujairika kuti temu ikwane zvizere pasina kukanganisa nekuda kwezvinodiwa nemutemo.
Kunyorerwa kwechikwereti muchiitiko chekutadza pamberi pePfuma
Hapana zvakawanda zvekutaura muchiitiko ichi, kunze kwekuti, sezviri muSocial Security scenario, General Tax Law inowanzoisa makore mana kunyorwa kwechikwereti. Iyo Treasury manejimendi ichava nenguva ino yemakore mana yekupa chikumbiro kumugari wekutadza kubhadhara, kana zvisiri, chikwereti chinogona kunzi chakanzurwa. Izvo zvinodikanwa kunyevera, sezvakaita masangano emabhangi kana Social Security, kuti Treasury inonyanya hutsinye uye inochengeta nguva muzvirevo zvayo, izvo zvishoma zvinogona kutarisirwa nguva zhinji kana ichirega makore mana apfuura.
Kunyorerwa kwezvikwereti munyaya yemabasa epamba
Chisungo 1967 cheCivil Code chinogadza nguva yemakore matatu yekunyorwa kwechikwereti chine chekuita nekubhadharwa kwemabasa epamba. Aya masevhisi anosanganisira magetsi, nhare, gasi kana mvura, masevhisi ekutanga ekushanda zvakanaka kwemba. Sezvinozivikanwa, izvi zvinowanzorongedzerwa pahwaro hwekubhadhara kwegore kana pamwedzi, asi chero zvakadaro nguva yemakore matatu yekudzima chikwereti inochengetwa.
Ehe, semune dzimwe nyaya dzakataurwa, kugamuchira chiziviso chechikwereti kubva kumakambani ane basa rekupa sevhisi kunongokanganisa nguva yemakore matatu. Asi munharaunda iyi kunyanya, kunyanya kana tichitaura nezvemagetsi kana Indaneti yekubatanidza neADSL, zvinyorwa zvezvikwereti nekuzadzika kwenguva yemakore matatu ndeyekurongeka kwezuva.
Makambani ane hukama nemasevhisi aya ave nenguva refu azvipira kune imwe nhanho yechikwereti chisingaperi nechikamu chevashandisi, vachiisa nhamba dzvuku idzi mumapepa avo emari.
Kunyorerwa kwechikwereti mune zvekutengesa mashandiro
Rudzi urwu rwechikwereti runoenderana nemakambani ese kwete kuvanhu, sezvakaitika mumienzaniso yapfuura. Izvi zvikwereti zvakabvumiranwa pakati pemakambani panguva yekufamba kwakabatana mumapurojekiti akafanana. Izwi rekunyorerwa kwezvikwereti izvi pakati pemasangano epamutemo rinowanzo kuwanikwa mukati memakore gumi nemashanu. Mushure memakore gumi nemashanu aya, hukama hwechikwereti uhu pakati pemakambani huchadamburwa.
Zvimwe zvinoshamisa, kutevedzera temu iyi neanotevera kunyorerwa kwakajairika munzvimbo ino, kunyanya kana makambani ari madiki uye zvikwereti zvakare zvidiki. Zvinofanira kunge zviri zvekutengeserana kwehukuru hwepasirese nemakambani makuru kuona kuti pane chirevo chepamutemo nguva yekupedzisira isati yasvika, kumisa wachi yekumisa.
Kunyorerwa kwechikwereti munyaya yezvisungo zvemanisipala
Chikwereti chinorayira rini? kanzuru, kazhinji inoreva mutero wekubhadhara unotungamirwa neGuta reGuta rekwaunogara. Kunyangwe mutero wekanzuru wekubhadhara mutero wakawanda uye wakasiyana, uine acronyms akawanda, mazuva ekupera uye mazita, maviri anonyanya kutaurwa neavhareji mugari uye anonyanya kuzivikanwa iIC (Circulation Tax) uye IBI (Real Estate Tax). ) -tsanangudzo mumasangano avo: kubhadhara pakufamba kwemotokari uye imba yega.
Muzviitiko zvose zviri zviviri, nguva yekuvhara kusvika pakunyorerwa kwechikwereti makore mana. Aya makore mana anoverengwa kubva pakupera kwenguva yekubhadhara, ndiko kuti, kubva panguva iyo mupiro wekupedzisira ungadai wakaiswa dai waitwa.
Zvichireva kuti sangano reCity Council rine nguva yakazara yemakore mana yekutora mari yekusabhadhara nemari yese yayakaunganidza mumakore aya. Zvinofanira kurangarirwa kuti panyaya yeCirculation Tax, varidzi vemotokari dzinenge dzisisashande havafanirwe kubhadhara mitero iyi pamberi pekanzuru.
Sezvimwe mune dzimwe nzvimbo dzatakaongorora, zvinogona kutaurwa kuti zvinhu zvose zvine chokuita nekubhadhara mutero zvinowanzobatwa nemahofisi eCity Council nechido chikuru, zvichipiwa hukuru hwezvirango izvo zvinoratidzwa kuburikidza nezvimwe zvingangosiya. Nokudaro, zvakaoma kumirira kwenguva yemakore mana kupfuura pasina kunzwa kubva kwavari kudiwa kwekuteerera kubhadhara.
Neizvi, chikamu chikuru chenguva dzinodiwa mune imwe neimwe nyaya yekunyorwa kwechikwereti chakavharwa. Muvhidhiyo inotevera unogona kuona tsananguro pfupi pamusoro pekunyorerwa kwezvikwereti mukati memutemo wenzvimbo yeSpanish. Kusvika ikozvino chinyorwa chedu pamusoro painorayira chikwereti munzvimbo dzakasiyana dzemari dzenyika. Tokuona munguva pfupi iri kutevera uye rombo rakanaka mukubhadhara kwako, maitiro uye zvidzidzo.