Ndiye mwari wekare wechiGiriki werudo uye runako, akabatanidzwa neVenus nevaRoma. Zita rake rakaumbwa neshoko Aphros iro rinoturikira kuti furo, ine chokuita nenyaya yekuzvarwa kwake, iyo Hesiodhi anorondedzera muTheogony yake. Dzidza zvese nezve ngano ye aphrodite, humwari hwakanakisisa hwevamwari vechiGiriki!
Kuziva ngano yeAphrodite
Akakomberedzwa nezvisinganzwisisike, kwakabva Aphrodite anofara haazivikanwi, nyaya dzekare dzinoratidza kuti akazvarwa kubva mufuro jena rakagadzirwa nenhengo dzesikarudzi dzakachekwa dzeUranus, mwanakomana wake Cronos paakadzikanda mugungwa.
Nechikonzero ichi Aphrodite aionekwa samwari wemugungwa uye mudziviriri wevafambisi vezvikepe, aikumbirwa nevafambisi vengarava rwendo rwakanaka. Asi airemekedzwawo uye airemekedzwa semwari wehondo, kunyanya mumaguta ane tsika refu yevarwi seSparta, pamwe neThebes, Cyprus nedzimwe nzvimbo dzerudzi rwechiGiriki.
Zvisinei, mungano yeAphrodite ainyanya kuzivikanwa samwarikadzi werudo nembereko uye aitotungamirira muchato apo neapo. Pane rumwe rutivi, munguva dzekare pfambi dzairangarira Aphrodite mutsigiri wadzo, kunamatwa kwake pachena kwaiwanzova kwakakomba uye kunyange kwakaoma.
Dzimwe nyanzvi dzinodavira kuti kunamatwa kwengano yaAphrodite kwakauya kuGreece kubva kuMabvazuva, sezvo huzhinji hwounhu hwayo hunoyeuchidza vamwarikadzi vakare vokuMiddle East Ishtar naAstarte. Kunyange zvazvo Homer akamutumidza zita rokuti "Cypria" mushure mechitsuwa chacho chinonyanya kuzivikanwa nokuda kwechitendero chake, chakanga chatova chechiGiriki munguva yaHomer uye maererano nekunyora kwake akanga ari mwanasikana waZeus naDione, mudzimai wake kuDodona.
MuBhuku VIII reOdyssey, Aphrodite aipesana naHephaestus, mwari akaremara mupfuri wesimbi, uye nokudaro akapedza nguva yake namwari akanaka wehondo, Ares. Nekuda kwerudo rwerudo urwu, akazova amai vaHarmonia, murwi mapatya Phobos naDeimos, uye Eros, mwari werudo.
Pakati pevadi venyama inofa, iyo inonyanya kukosha mungano yaAphrodite yaiva mufudzi Anchises weTroy, uyo akazova amai vaAeneas, uye jaya rakanaka Adonis, akaurayiwa nenguruve paaivhima.
Vakadzi vakachema nazvo pamutambo waAdonia, rudzi rwokunamata kwaAdonis kwakanga kune zvimiro zvepasi, zvinofanira kucherekedzwa kuti uyu mwarikadzi anofara akanga ane ukama navakafa muDelphi.
Nzvimbo huru dzechitendero chengano yeAphrodite dzaive muPafo neAmathus, muKupro uye pachitsuwa cheCythera, koloni yeMinoan, uko munguva dzekare chitendero chake chingangove chakabva. Panyika yeGirisi, Korinde ndiyo yaiva musimboti wokunamata kwavo. Kushamwaridzana kwake kwepedyo naEros, the Graces, uye Horae kwakasimbisa basa rake semutsigiri wekubereka.
Akaremekedzwa nemudetembi wechiRoma Lucretius saGenetrix, chinhu chekusika chenyika, uye zvinyorwa zvake Ourania (Mugari Wekudenga) uye Pandemos (Pavanhu vose) zvakashandiswa nemuzivi Plato kureva rudo rwepfungwa uye rwakafanana.
Izwi rekuti Ourania rinoonekwa sekutaurwa zvine rukudzo uye raishandiswa kune vamwe vamwari vekuAsia, nepo Pandemos ichireva chinzvimbo chaanogara muguta-nyika.
Mune ngano yeAphrodite inotsanangurwa kuti pakati pezviratidzo zvake paiva nenjiva, pomegraneti, swan uye myrtle. Zvinomiririrwa naAphrodite muhunyanzvi hwekutanga hwechiGiriki zvinogara zvichimuratidza akapfeka hanzu uye haana mutsauko unomusiyanisa kubva kune vamwe vamwarikadzi.
Nekudaro, yakatanga kuwana hunhu mumaoko evavezi vakuru vechiGiriki vezana ramakore rechi XNUMX BC. Pamwe iyo inonyanya kuzivikanwa yezviumbwa zvese zvengano yeAphrodite yakavezwa naPraxiteles, wekutanga muhombe, asina kupfekedzwa mufananidzo wechikadzi uyo akazova muenzaniso wehunyanzvi hwechiGiriki hwakadai semuzana ramakore rechipiri Venus de Milo. c.
Kuberekwa kwengano yaAphrodite
Homer naHesiodhi vanotaura nyaya mbiri dzakasiyana pamusoro pekwakabva humwari uhwu muzvinyorwa zvavo. Maererano nengano yokutanga yaAphrodite, akanga ari mwanasikana waZeus uye Titaness Dione, nokudaro achimuita mwarikadzi wechizvarwa chechipiri, kufanana navaOlympians vakawanda.
Kune rimwe divi, Hesiodhi anotaura ngano yakasiyana zvachose yaAphrodite, inozivikanwa zviri nani uye yakakurumbira, kubva munguva dzekare kusvika nhasi. Maererano naye, Aphrodite akasimuka kubva mumvura, apo nhengo dzepabonde dzeUranus dzakakandwa mugungwa nemumwe wevazukuru vake, Cronus. Mwarikadzi werudo akabuda padeko rescallop, anyatsokura, asina kupfeka, uye akanaka kupfuura chero chinhu chipi zvacho chaakamboona kana kubva ipapo.
Ngano yaAphrodite yakaberekerwa kupi?
Pafo kana kuti Pafosi, mazuva ano iguta riri kumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumadokero kweRepublic of Cyprus. Asi munguva dzekare Pafosi rakanga ririwo zita remaguta maviri akanga ari mavambo eguta razvino uno. Guta rekare raive muPírgos (Kouklia) yemazuva ano uye New Paphos, iyo yakanga yatsiva Old Paphos kana Palaepaphos munguva dzeRoma, yaive makiromita gumi nematanhatu kumadokero. Paphos Itsva neKtima zvinogadzira Paphos yemazuvano.
Paphos yekare, iyo yakakomberedzwa nevakundi vechiGiriki munguva yeMycenaean, inonzi ndiyo yaive nzvimbo ine ngano yekuzvarwa yengano yaAphrodite, mwarikadzi anobuda mufuro regungwa, uye yairatidzawo temberi yakakurumbira yaikudza uyu mwarikadzi we gungwa hellenic pantheon
Munguva dzechiGiriki, Pafosi yakanga iri yechipiri pashure peSaramisi paukuru uye simba pakati penyika dzeKupro. Dzinza reCinyrad raitonga Paphos kusvika pakukundwa kwayo kwekupedzisira naPtolemy I weEgypt (294 BC). Old Paphos yakaramba musimba mushure mekudonha kweCinyradae, kutangwa kweNew Paphos, uye kukunda kweRoma kweKupro (58 BC), yakazosara yava dongo mushure mezana ramakore rechina AD.
Pafosi Itsva, iro rakanga riri guta rechiteshi chengarava rePafosi Yekare, rakava dzimbahwe rokutonga rechitsuwa chacho chose munguva yePtolemaic neRoma. Guta rakarwiswa uye kuparadzwa nevapanduki vechiMuslim mugore ra960 uye guta razvino rakatanga kukura chete mushure mekutorwa kweBritish muna 1878.
Chiteshi chengarava, chiripakati pehupenyu hwemuguta, chakavandudzwa muna 1908 na1959 asi chinoramba chiri chidiki kwazvo kuti chikwanise kubata chinorema chekutengesa traffic uye nekudaro chinongoshanda ngarava dzenzvimbo dzekuredza.
Kunyangwe kuoma kwehupfumi kunobva mukugadziriswa kwevapoteri zviuru zvishanu zveGreek Cypriot muPaphos mushure mekutorwa kweTurkey muna 5.000, pakupera kwemakore gumi guta rakanga rava musimboti wekusimudzira hupfumi hwenyika, kusanganisira nzvimbo yeindasitiri nemahotera evashanyi, anotora mukana. yerunako rwayo rwechisikigo uye ngano dzayo dzakapfuma, kunyanya kana zvasvika kuna mwarikadzi Aphrodite.
Kugadzirwa kweguta kunosanganisira mabhizimisi madiki anogadzira zvipfeko, shangu, nyama yemumagaba, zvinwiwa, nemafuta emuriwo. Nzvimbo dzenzvimbo dzekufarira dzinosanganisira Chechi dzeOrthodox, iyo Djami Kebir Mosque, Paphos castle, iyo Frankish Baths uye Aphrodite Sanctuary.
Mazita uye epithets
Ainamatwa zvakanyanya nemunhu wese munguva dzakare, humwari uhwu hwakazvarwa kubva kugungwa, hwaidaidzwa mutsika dzakasiyana dzekare nemazita akasiyana:
- ChiGiriki: Aphrodite
- Roman: Venus
- Sumerian: Inanna
- Phoenicia: Astarte
- Etruscan: Turan
Pamusoro pemazita akasiyana-siyana akagamuchira mwarikadzi wekare uyu, matauriro akasiyana akapiwa kwaari airatidza humwe hunhu hwake kana hunhu, hwakadai se:
- pandemos: vanhu vose.
- Ourania: rudo rwekudenga, rwakanaka, rwakachena.
- Genetrix: kusika kwenyika
- Cypris: Mukadzi weKupro nekuda kwekuve nechitendero chakadzika midzi pachitsuwa cheCyprus.
- Anadyomene: akaberekwa kubva furo regungwa.
- Cythera: Mai vekuCytherea kana kuti ndiani akapihwa pamuviri panzvimbo iyoyo.
- pafia: Kubva kuPafosi.
- oenoply: vakashonga, izwi rinoshandiswa muSparta
- Pelagia kana Pontia: mudziviriri wevafambisi vegungwa.
- androphone: ndiani akauraya varume.
- basilis: Mambokadzi.
- Genetilis: maternity.
- philopannyx: yehusiku hwose.
- tsika: zvechiito chebonde.
Vamwe vane tsika dzechiGreek vakaedza kuita mutsauko pakati pevaviri maAphrodite, vachiti Aphrodite Pandemos ndiye mwarikadzi wechishuwo, eroticism uye ruchiva uye Aphrodite Ourania, iyo yerudo rweplatonic. sezvakaitwa naPlato kuti tione muchidimbu ichi:
Isu tose tinoziva kuti hakuna Aphrodite pasina rudo. Muchiitiko, saka, iyo yakanga yakasiyana, paizova neRudo rumwe chete, asi sezvo kune maviri, panofanira kuva nerudo ruviri. Uye sei kuramba kuti kune vamwarikadzi vaviri?
Mumwe wavo akanga asina amai uye mwanasikana waUranus, watinomupa zita rokuti Urania; mumwe wacho mwanasikana waZeus naDione uye tinomuti Pandemus. Nekudaro, zvinodikanwa zvakare kudaidza nemazvo Rudo runoshanda pamwe neiyi yekupedzisira Pandemo uye imwe Uranium. (Plato, Mabiko muna 181 BC)
Parizvino tinoziva kuti akanga ari mwarikadzi mumwe, ngano imwe yaAphrodite asi kuti akatumidzwawo nedzimwe dzidziso dzinopokana uye dzinowanzorondedzera chimiro chakaoma uye chinopokanidzana chorudo: kunyemwerera mudiwa, ane tsitsi yla inoverengera kuchembera, asiwo vasingadi Mwari, murima kana mhondi yavanhu.
Kumiririra uye chiratidzo chengano yeAphrodite
Kana Apollo aimiririra kunaka kwemuviri wechirume wakakwana wevaGiriki, ngano yaAphrodite yaive yakanyatsoenderana nayo yechikadzi. Akanaka uye aiyevedza, aiwanzoratidzwa asina kupfeka, musikana akakwana, anodiwa zvisingaite uye asingasvike kwaari.
Dzimwe nguva aifananidzirwa padivi paEros uye aine humwe hunhu hwake nezviratidzo: bhanhire remashiripiti negoko, njiva kana shiri duku, marozi uye myrtle. Vazhinji maartist vakaedza kuigadzirazve mumazana emakore apfuura, kusanganisira muvezi mukuru Praxiteles uye muvezi Apelles, ane basa rakakurumbira rakarasika.
Praxiteles akatevedzera chivezwa chakakurumbira cheAphrodite, chidimbu chakasara kusvika nhasi. Mudiwa wake uye mucherechedzo wechidimbu ichi aive Phryne, mukadzi akanaka wechiGiriki akamirira, aionekwa seaichiva zvakanyanya panguva iyoyo.
Praxiteles 'sculpture yeAphrodite ndomumwe weanonyanyozivikanwa mushwi wevakadzi munhoroondo. Plato anoti apo Aphrodite akaona chivezwa, akashamisika, akabvunza, muvezi akachiona kupi asina kana zvipfeko.
Aphrodite akanga asina huduku, saka anogara achifananidzirwa semunhu mukuru, atova nezera rekuroora, asingadzivisiki uye anodiwa, kazhinji asina chero zvipfeko.
hunhu hwehumwari
Iye chimiro cherunako chisina kuenzana, icho chinoratidzwa nengano yeAphrodite uye, achiziva izvi, haana maturo, anochinja, ane hasha uye anonetseka zvakanyanya, ari nyore kugumburwa uye kutsiva. Kunyange zvazvo akaroorwa, chimwe chinhu chisina kujairika muvamwari veGreek Pantheon, anowanzova asina kutendeka pachena kumurume wake.
Mungano yaAphrodite, anorondedzerwa seasingaregi uye anotsiva, vashoma vakashinga kuramba simba rake uye haana kuratidza tsitsi kune chero ani zvake, akafanana nehunhu hwake paakadenhwa. Somuenzaniso, Hippolytus akasarudza Artemis panzvimbo, Aphrodite akaita kuti amai vake vokurera Phaedra vade murudo naye, zvichiguma nekufa kwevose vake naHippolytus.
Mushure mokunge Aphrodite aziva kuti Eos mwarikadzi wemambakwedza akanga arara naAres, akamutuka kuti ave nekusingaperi uye asingafari murudo. Diomedes gamba rechiGiriki akakuvadza mwarikadzi munguva yeHondo yeTrojan, akanga ava kuda kuuraya Aeneas uye akarwisa mwarikadzi pachake achikonzera kukanganisa paruoko rwake.
Aphrodite akakurumidza kusunungura Aeneas, uyo akanunurwa naApollo, mumwe mudziviriri weOlympian weTrojan. Diomedes aifanira kunge akafunga zviri nani kupikisa Aphrodite, nekuti mwari wehasha akangoerekana aita kuti mudzimai wemuGreek, Aegiale, atange kurara nevavengi vake.
Psyche humunhu hwemweya, ungadai wakapfuura nemudambudziko rakatoipisisa, rakadai sekudzika mupasi. Asi, nerufaro kwaari, Eros, mutsivi weAphrodite, akadanana naye.
Kuda uye kushanya kwaAphrodite
Wemasimbaose Aphrodite, ndiye mwarikadzi uyo asingagone kuramba kana vamwari, anozivikanwa semudiwa asingadzoreki uye werunako rwemweya, mwanasikana waUranus ane runyorwa rwezvemutemo uye zvisiri pamutemo zverudo zvaunofanira kuziva zvechokwadi:
Aphrodite uye vamwari vechiGiriki
Ngano yeAphrodite inoratidza kuti runako rwake rwakaita kuti vazhinji veOlympians varasikirwe nepfungwa, avo vaida chaizvo kukodzera kunaka kusingafi kwemukadzi, uyo asina kumbove pakati pezvirongwa zvake kuti ave akatendeka kune chero munhu. Mamwe evamwari vanonyanya kuzivikanwa romances anosanganisira:
Aphrodite uye Hephaestus
Aphrodite akanga akanaka kwazvo zvokuti bedzi vamwarikadzi vatatu mhandara, Artemisi, Athena, uye Hestia, vakanga vasingatapurwi namazango ake nesimba. Zvisingashamisi, nguva yaakasvika kuOlympus, akaita nemaune kana kuti asingazivi kuparadza vamwe vamwari, mumwe nomumwe wavo akabva amuda kuti ave wavo.
Kuti adzivise izvi, Zeus akakurumidza kumuroora kuna Hephaestus, akaipisisa weOlympians. Chimwe chinhu chakanga chine kusagadzikana kwenguva pfupi, nokuti Aphrodite akanga asina pakati pezvirongwa zvake kuti ave akatendeka kune mumwe wake.
Aphrodite uye Ares
Kunyange zvazvo akamanikidzwa kuroorwa, mwarikadzi akanga ane chisimbwa uye ane hasha, naizvozvo kuva akatendeka kwakanga kusiri muitiro wake. Saka, akatanga kufambidzana nemumwe munhu anoparadza uye ane chisimba saiye: Ares.
Helio, zvisinei, akavaona uye akaudza Hephaestus. Uyu, uyo vamwe vamwari vaiona samwari ane nyanga, akava nechokwadi chokuti agadzira mambure akaisvonaka esimbi, ayo akateya vaviri vacho nguva yakatevera yavaizorara pamwe chete. Kuwedzera kutuka kukuvadzwa, Hephaestus akakumbira vamwe vamwari vose kuti vaseke mhombwe ndokuvasunungura bedzi pashure pokunge Poseidon abvuma kuripa nokuda kwokusunungurwa kwavo.
Asi izvi hazvina kuita kuti arege kukanda mapfumo pasi, ngano yaAphrodite inotaura kuti rudo rwake rwakaenderera mberi uye mushure mekunyadzisa kwemambure endarira, akazvara vana vasere vamwari wehondo: Deimos, Phobos, Harmonia, Adrestia uye mana Erotes, anonzi Eros, Anteros, Pothos uye Himeros.
Aphrodite uye Poseidon
Murombo Hephaestus! Haana kumbofungidzira kuti Poseidon ane ruchiva uye anonyengedza aizowira murudo naAphrodite. Achimuona asina kupfeka, akapenga murudo naye, kunyange kuna mwari wemakungwa izvi zvakanga zvisina kuoma zvachose. Pave paya hapana mubvunzo kuti akazozviziva, nokuti Aphrodite akabereka ishe wemakungwa mwanasikana mumwe chete, wavakatumidza kuti Rhode.
Aphrodite naHermesi
Hermes akanga asina vatsigiri vakawanda, asi akanga ane hukama hupfupi asi hwakanyanya naAphrodite. Uyezve tichifunga kuti Priapus munhoroondo dzekare anoonekwa semuzukuru waDionysus naAphrodite, zvinoita sekuti Zeus neHadhesi chete havana kukundwa nechishuvo chemwarikadzi werudo. Kunyange zvazvo ishe wepasi pevhu haana kunyange kugara paOlympus uye wekutanga angave aiva baba vake.
Aphrodite pakati pevanhu vanofa
Paaive asina kubatikana kuti vamwe vanhu vadanane, Aphrodite aive aine nguva yekuzvida uye vaive vasiri ivo mwari chete. Kufanana nevamwe vamwari vazhinji veHellenic pantheon, Aphrodite pane dzimwe nguva anoisa maonero ake kune vanhu vanofa:
Adonis
Adonis aiva mwanakomana waMirra, mukadzi uyo Aphrodite akashandura kuva muti. Mwarikadzi akamuisa mubhokisi ndokuenda naye kunzvimbo yepasi, achikumbira Persephone kuti amuchengete zvakanaka. Nekudaro, paakadzokera kunzvimbo yepasi kuti amuone nguva refu gare gare, achimuona akadanana neanofa asina kujairika.
Saka, akakumbira Adonis kuti adzoke naye. Zvechokwadi Persephone akanga amuchengeta, aisazvibvumira. Baba vavamwari, Zeus, vakagumisa kurwisana kwacho nokusarudza kuti Adonis aizopedza nguva yakati aine mumwe nomumwe wavamwari, mose muri muviri munyika yokunze uye muHadhesi.
Zvisinei, Adonis akasarudza Aphrodite uye apo nguva yakasvika, akanga asingadi kudzokera kunyika yepasi. Persephone yakatumira boar kuti imuuraye uye jaya rakanaka rakabuda ropa kusvika pakufa mumaoko aAphrodite. Vaviri vacho vaiva nevanakomana vaviri: Beroe naGorogos.
Zvimiso
Pane imwe nguva, Aphrodite akadanana neTrojan muchinda ainzi Anchises, achinyepedzera kuva mambokadzi, akamunyengedza ndokurara naye. Pave paya ndipo paakazozvizivisa, achimuvimbisa mwanakomana anokudzwa uye achimunyevera kuti azvichengetere chakavanzika ichi.
Anchises haana kukwanisa kuchengeta nyaya yake kwaari, saka akarohwa nebhanan'ana raZeus rakamupofumadza, saka muchinda haana kumboona mwanakomana wake, Eniasi, mambo asingatyi weHumambo hweRoma hwakasimba.
Paris
Paris, muchinda weTrojan, ndiye aive murume wekupedzisira kuona mwarikadzi Aphrodite. Izvi zvakaitika paakapiwa basa rekutonga kuti ndiani pavamwarikadzi vatatu - Aphrodite, Hera kana Athena - akanga akanaka kwazvo.
Aphrodite akavimbisa Paris musikana akanaka kwazvo munyika yose kana akamusarudza, saka akazviita. Aphrodite akava nechokwadi chekuwana Helen, mambokadzi weSpartan, chiitiko chakakonzera ropa reTrojan War iyo yakatora makore gumi.
Kunamata kwengano yeAphrodite
Kunamatwa kwengano yeAphrodite kwaive kwakakurumbira muGreece yekare ine nzvimbo tsvene dzakawanda uye temberi munyika yose. Nzvimbo dzavo huru dzechitendero mukati meGreece dzaive guta reKorinde paIsthmus uye chitsuwa cheKythera (Cytherea) chiri pamhenderekedzo yeLakedaimonia.
Ruremekedzo uye kutenda kwakatendeka muna Aphrodite muGreece kwakabva kune kwamwarikadzi weFenikiya Asarte uye mwari weMesopotamia Ishtar, avo vaiva nechokuita nerudo, kubereka, zvepabonde uye kubereka.
Kunze kweGreece, chitsuwa cheKypros, kana kuti Kupro, chakanga chakakurumbira nokuda kwokunamatwa kwacho kusinganzwisisiki mwarikadzi, nokuti Aphrodite aikudzwawo pano netsika neminyengetero yomunhu oga. Ainamatwa samwarikadzi murwi uyewo akanga ari mwarikadzi anochengeta pfambi. Uyu mwari akafananidzirwa samwarikadzi akaoma kunzwisisa, asi ane rupo uye ane rudo naavo vaimuremekedza, aigona kugumbuka nyore uye nemhaka yehasha dzake dzakaipa, vazhinji vavavengi vake vakagamuchira tsiuro dzoutsinye.
Cult muCyprus
Kunamata kwengano yeAphrodite, iyo yaive yakapararira muKupro, yaive pakati penzvimbo yePafosi uye yakatanga kubva 1.500 BC. Dunhu rePaphos rinoratidza kwaakaberekerwa Aphrodite kuPetra Tou Romiou, iyo Aphrodite Shrine paPalaepaphos, uye Bath yaAphrodite pedyo nePolis.
Mune ngano, Aphrodite akabuda kubva mufuro regungwa ndokuva mukwasha waMambo Kinyras. Muchigodo chegodo, Aphrodite akashandura mwanasikana wake akanaka, Myrrha, kuva gwenzi rinonhuhwirira, dombo rinotakura mura rose, Cistus creticus, inokura kwose kwose Troodos. Adonis akaberekwa kubva musango uye akava mudiwa waAphrodite.
Muchokwadi, ngano yacho yakavakirwa padzinza reKinyrid uye tsika dzaAphrodite naAdonis dzinopona muPaphoit's spring flower festival, Anthistiria, uye mutambo wemafashama munaJune, Kataklysmos, uko kunyura mugungwa kunoita maungira ezvakabuda izvi. mwari akanaka wemafungu.
Astarte akagamuchirwa nemaGreek pasi pezita reAphrodite uye chitsuwa cheKupro yaive imwe yenzvimbo huru dzekutenda mumufananidzo uyu, iyo yakazomupa zita reCypria sezita remadunhurirwa rinonyanya kuzivikanwa reAphrodite.
Zvino zvingadaro kuti Aphrodite akaberekwa nenzira yokufananidzira, pakufamba kwake kwenguva refu negungwa kubva kunyika yeAsiria kuenda kunyika yekare yechiGiriki muKupro, nzvimbo iri nyore pakati penzvimbo mbiri uko kushandurwa kwake kubva kuAstarte/Ishtar kuenda kuna mwarikadzi Aphrodite kwakaitika uye aigona. kuwanikwa..
Kunamatwa kwaAphrodite kunogona kuteverwa kumashure kune vanamato veAsiriya veIshtar naAstarte. Pane humbowo hunoratidza kuti Ishtar naAstarte vainamatwa paPafosi mukutanga kweIron Age uye vakaunzwa, sokunge zvakadaro, kuchitsuwa nevaFenikiya pamwe chete nechitendero cheEgipita chaHathor, uyo angave akafananidzwawo naAphrodite.
Ishtar akanga ari mwarikadzi worudo nehondo uye kunamatwa kwake kwaibatanidza upfambi hunoyera uye kwaiwanzouraya vadikani vake. Astarte akanga ari mumwe mwarikadzi worudo nehondo uye airemekedzwa zvikuru muMiddle East yose yekare. Inoonekwa muEgypt yekare munguva yeXVIII dzinza, pakati pe1550-1292 BC.
Muchokwadi, nhoroondo yekare yeKupro zvakare inyaya yekuchinja zvitendero uye vamwari uye vamwarikadzi vevatongi vakasiyana uye vakoloni vechitsuwa. VaFenikiya vakaunza vamwari vavo vamene: vamwarikadzi Astarte naAnat navamwari vaBhaari, Eshmoun, Reshef, Mikal, Melqart naShed.
Vakaunzawo zvitendero zvechiEgipita zveBes, Ptah, Hathor, uye Thoeris. Muzana remakore rechina a. C., zvitendero zvechiGiriki zvakapararira pachitsuwa chacho uye pane kuzivikanwa zvishoma nezvishoma kwavamwari navanamwarikadzi vokuKupro neveFenikiya nevamwarikadzi vechiGiriki.
Asi pasi pezvese izvi zviri pachena hukuru hwaMai mwarikadzi wekubereka, angave achizivikanwa saAphrodite, Astarte, Wanassa (mukadzi'), Hathor kana Athena.
Cult muSiyoni
Munguva dzekare zvinonzi, kumaodzanyemba kweGreece, muSikyon kune yakavharirwa, inoera kuna Aphrodite. Chinhu chekutanga mukati chifananidzo cheAntiope.
Mushure meiyi ndiyo nzvimbo tsvene yeAphrodite, iyo inopinda chete nemukadzi uyo mushure mekugadzwa kwake haagoni kuita zvepabonde nemurume, uyo anobata basa rake dzvene kwegore. fungisisa pamusoro pamwarikadzi ari pamukova uye nyengetera uri panzvimbo iyoyo.
Chifananidzo, chakagara, chakanga chakaitwa nendarama nenyanga dzenzou, chine poppy muruoko rumwe uye apuro kune rumwe, zvipiriso zvinopiwa kwachiri, izvo zvino zvinopiswa mujunipa uye shizha romujunipa rinowedzerwa kuchinopiwa. .vanobhadhara.
Ichi chirimwa chinokura munzvimbo dzakavhurika dzechivharo uye hazviwanikwi kumwe. Iwo madiki pane emuouki, asi makuru pane ayo emuoki, ane chimiro chakafanana neicho cheshizha remuoki. Rumwe rutivi rwakasvibira muruvara, rumwe ruchena, kufanana neremashizha machena emipoplar.
Kunamata muAtene
Paive nenzvimbo tsvene yeAres muAtene, uko kwakaiswa mifananidzo miviri yaAphrodite, imwe yeAres uye imwe yeAthena. Kune zvakare nzvimbo tsvene yaAphrodite Ourania, vaAsiriya vari ivo varume vekutanga kutanga chinamato chake, mushure meizvi, maPalestine eKypros uye maFenike vanogara muAskalon muPalestine.
Aegeus akatanga chitendero pakati pavaAtene, sezvo aifunga kuti akanga asina mwana uye kuti aizotambura ngwavaira nemhaka yehasha dzaAphrodite Ourania, naizvozvo akasarudza kuripa mutero kwaari. Chifananidzo chichiri kuchengetedzwa chakagadzirwa nemarble kubva kuParia uye ibasa rePhidias.
Imwe yeparamende yeAtene ndeyevaAthmoneis, vanoti Porphyrion, mambo pamberi paAktaius, akavaka nzvimbo yavo tsvene paOrania. Asi magamuchidzanwa ari pakati pevafundisi anowanzosiyana chose neayo eguta.
Aphrodite mune Arts
Ngano yaAphrodite, mwarikadzi weOlympian werunako, rudo uye kubereka, yanga iri nyaya yemabasa ehunyanzvi kubvira muzana ramakore rechina BC. C. mumakoroni eGirisi yekare. Kwezviuru zvemakore, chifananidzo cheAphrodite chave chichiratidzwa mumhando dzakawanda uye nezvinhu zvakawanda zvakasiyana.
Kune mavhezheni eakapfeka zvishoma, akashama zvachose, akakama bvudzi rake, akatasva ngoro dzake uye kutamba nevamwe vamwari, mumhando dzakasiyana siyana semarble, terracotta, dombo uye ceramics. Mamirioni emifananidzo, mifananidzo, uye madhindindi anoratidza mwarikadzi sechidzidzo, mazhinji acho anoratidza hupenyu hwake.
muchivezwa
Iyo inonyanya kuzivikanwa inomiririra yaAphrodite ndiyo ine mukurumbira chifananidzo chechiGiriki, Venus de Milo, naAlexandro weAntiokia, iyo inoramba iri muunganidzwa weLouvre, Paris. Achidzora denga ari mungoro yake inodhonzwa nenjiva uye makungwa ari mungoro yake inodhonzwa nevanhu, Aphrodite akanga ari mwarikadzi worudo, runako, mufaro, uye mbereko. Akanga akabatanidzwa nemwarikadzi weRoma Venus.
Muchivezwa chechiGiriki chekare, mwari akaitwa patsva sechimiro chemunhukadzi asina kupfeka kana hafu, ane maoko akashongedzwa anoedza kuzvifukidza, muchiratidzo chekuzvininipisa kwenhema.
Pakati pemakore 364-361 BC muvezi wemuAtene Praxiteles akaveza chivezwa chemarble chine musoro unoti Aphrodite of Knidos kana Venus weCnidos icho chakarumbidzwa naPliny Mukuru sechivezwa chikurusa chati chamboitwa.
Yaive yekutanga Aphrodite isina jasi, yakagadzirwa nemuimbi kutenderera XNUMXth century BC sekunamata effigy yeguta-nyika yeKnidos (Cnidus). Hapana mubvunzo kuti basa iri rakagamuchirwa nemamwe makakatanwa mumazuva iwayo, asi manyorerwo acho akakurumidza kuva muitiro.
Chimwe chidimbu chakavezwa chemukurumbira mukuru Kuzvarwa kwaAphrodite, ndiyo huru huru ye Ludovisi Chigaro iri mune yakakurumbira Altemps Palace, muRoma.
Inofungidzirwa kuti yakagadzirwa pakati pe460 ne470 BC uye chimedu chinoshamisa, chakagadzirwa mubas-relief pabhuroka hombe remarble machena. Icho chiitiko chekare kubva kungano yeAphrodite apo mwarikadzi anoratidzwa achikwira kubva kugungwa. Ikozvino iri muNational Roman Museum.
Mupende
Kune akawanda mapendi uye mafrescoes pangano yaAphrodite, sezvo yaive sosi yekurudziro kune vazhinji maartist vasina kuzeza kuburitsa tarenda ravo kuti vamuratidze:
Aphrodite inokwira kubva kugungwa (Apelles)
Apelles akapenda mwarikadzi uye basa rake reunyanzvi rakanga ranyangarika rakanzi Venus Anadiomena kana kuti Aphrodite achisimuka kubva mugungwa, achitora zvakare Phryné semuenzaniso.
Maererano naAthenaeus weNáucratis, mukadzi wacho aiva nemuviri wakanaka waaigara akafukidzwa nenguo, kazhinji aisaenda kunogezera vanhu vose, saka haana kumboonekwa asina kupfeka. Zvisinei, pamitambo yeEleusinia neiya yaiitwa mukukudza Poseidon, akakumura mbatya dzake ndokusiya bvudzi rake rakasununguka pamberi pevanhu vose kuti vaende kunoshambira mugungwa.
Paive nevanhu vazhinji vakaungana panguva yemutambo uyu unokosha wechitendero, zvakadaro, akasarudza kushambira asina kupfeka uye muvengi ane mukurumbira Apelles akakurirwa nechiratidzo chakanakisa zvekuti akadhirowa mufananidzo unozivikanwa kwazvo wenyika yekare, uyo warasika zvino: Aphrodite inokwira kubva mugungwa.
Zvamazvirokwazvo, apo muiti wemifananidzo akamuona achibuda mumvura, akafuridzirwa norunako rwake kusikazve mwarikadzi Aphrodite, uyo nyika inorondedzera samwari worunako runokwezva.
Kuberekwa kwaVenus (Alexandre Cabanel)
Mubasa iwe unogona kuona mufananidzo weAphrodite, paanotakurwa kumahombekombe egungwa nefuro regungwa. Iri ibasa kubva mugore ra1863, iro rakavakirwa pangano yekare yekuzvarwa kwamwarikadzi, richibvumira maartist kuti apende mushwi uye kutaura nezve eroticism, pasina kuvhundutsa vanhu venguva iyoyo. Yakanga pasina mubvunzo kubudirira muParis, yakawanikwa naNapoleon III.
Kuberekwa kwaVenus (Sandro Botticelli)
La nascita di Venere kana kuzvarwa kwaVenus naBotticelli ndeimwe yeanozivikanwa anomiririra kuzvarwa kwaAphrodite. Yakagadzirwa pakati pa 1482 na 1485. Ichi chimedu chakaisvonaka nenyanzvi yeRenaissance chinoratidza mushwi pasina kuedza kuzvipembedza nezvikonzero zvechitendero, chichienda kure nerima rinozivikanwa reMiddle Ages.
Kuberekwa kwaVenus (W.A. Bouguereau)
Iri basa kubva muna 1879 nderimwe remapikicha akanyanya kukosha nemuimbi uyu uye zvakare rinomiririra kuzvarwa kwemwarikadzi, semunhu mukuru, asina kupfeka uye achibuda mufuro regungwa.
Aphrodite (Briton Riviere)
Basa rakanaka rakaitwa muna 1902 nenyanzvi yeChirungu ine mukurumbira, iyo yaizivikanwa nekubatanidza mhuka mumifananidzo yake, yechokwadi uye yerunako rukuru.
Mirror yeVenus (Edward Burne-Jones)
Mafuta aya ari pacanvas pendi naSir Edward Burne-Jones muna 1877 anomutsa mabasa eRenaissance, mukupfava kwezviso zvemelancholy mune dzakapfava, zvipfeko zvekare.
Haitsananguri chero chiitiko kunyanya, inongoratidza mufananidzo wemwarikadzi nevamwe vake vachizvifunga vari mudziva, vakakomberedzwa nemamiriro ekunze anoedza kusabvisa mukurumbira wezviumbwa.
Venus, Adonis uye Cupid (Annibale Carracci)
Iwo mafuta pa canvas basa iro parizvino chikamu chekuunganidzwa kwePrado Museum muMadrid. Yakagadzirwa muna 1590 uye inoonekwa seimwe yeakanyanya kukosha mabasa eiyi muimbi.
Mars uye Venus (Sandro Botticelli)
Yakagadzirwa muna 1483, ipikicha yerunako rukuru uye realism, kwaunogona kuona vadikani vakakomberedzwa nemasatyrs. Mumufananidzo uyu, Venus anoona Mars ichirara, ukuwo matinji maviri madiki achitamba nenhumbi dzemurwi uye mumwe anoramba akadzikama pasi peruoko rwake.
Chiitiko chakamisikidzwa musango rakashongedzwa, pfungwa yekuona uye hupamhi hwakanyanya kutetepa uye compact. Kumberi, mhomho yemhungu inotenderera pamusoro peMars, zvichida sechiratidzo chokuti rudo runowanzoperekedzwa nemarwadzo.
mumabhuku echinyakare
Sezvinotarisirwa, kune nyaya dzakawanda uye mareferensi ezvaAphrodite mumabhuku echinyakare, mamwe akanaka kwazvo, sekudaidzira kwaAphrodite naLucretius, pakutanga kwe Pahunhu hwezvinhu kana kuti refu pane nhatu dzeHomeric Hymns dzakatsaurirwa kuna Aphrodite. Zvimwe zvinyorwa kubva muzvinyorwa izvi zvinogona kuverengwa pazasi:
Callimachus, Nhetembo
Zvipo izvi kuna Aphrodite zvakatsaurirwa naSimoni, chiedza cherudo: mufananidzo wake uye bhanhire rakatsvoda mazamu ake, uye tochi yake, hongu, uye wands iyo iye, mukadzi murombo, aida kutakura.
Plutarch, Hupenyu hwaTheseus
Vakadzi veAtene panguva iyeyo vakanga vachichengeta Adonia, mutambo waAphrodite naAdonis, uye munzvimbo zhinji muguta zvidhori zviduku zvamwari zvaiiswa kuti zvivigwe, uye miitiro yamariro yaiitwa vakavapoteredza, nokuchema kwavakadzi. zvokuti vaya vaifunga nezvezvinhu zvakadai vakashungurudzwa.
Virgil, The Aeneid
Venus ipapo, akatamiswa saamai nemarwadzo asina kukodzera emwanakomana wake, anotora dictamus muCretan Ida, dzinde remashizha akaunyana iro muruva rinoguma nepepuru; Mbudzi dzemusango hadzina ruzivo nezvemuriwo uyu kana miseve inobhururuka ichibaya misana yadzo.
Venus, ine mufananidzo wakavanzwa mugore rakasviba, akauya nayo uye pamwe nayo mavara mvura yakadururirwa mundiro inopenya, ichirapa pakavanda, uye inodiridza nejusi yeambrosia ine hutano uye ine inonhuhwirira panacea.
Homer, Hymn V
Ndiudze, Musa, zviito zvegoridhe chairo Aphrodite, weCypris, anomutsa chishuwo chinotapira muna vamwari uye anopingudza marudzi evanhu vanofa, shiri dzinobhururuka mudenga nezvisikwa zvese, zvese zvakawanda izvo nyika inodyisa, sekuti ingani ponto inodyisa.
Munhu wese anobatwa nemaitiro aCythera, akanyatsoshongedzwa korona. Mwoyo mitatu iripo, zvisinei, yaasingagone kunyengetedza kana kunyengera ...
Anobvisa kunyange Zeus uyo anofarira mheni ... Kunyengera paanoda pfungwa dzavo dzakangwara, kunomubatanidza nekusununguka kukuru kune vakadzi vanofa, zvichiita kuti akanganwe nezveHera ...
https://youtu.be/Cu72R5PY_9s
Lucretius, Chimiro chezvinhu
Kutenda kwauri marudzi ese ezvipenyu anonambwa uye anosimuka kuti afungisise kupenya kwezuva: iwe usati watiza makore, nyika inowaridza kapeti yemaruva, mapani egungwa anonyemwerera kwauri uye kupenya kwakadzikama kunopararira mudenga.
Nokuti kana chirimo chikangoratidza chiso chayo, shiri dzedenga dzinotanga kukukwazisai uye dzozivisa kuuya kwenyu; pashure, mhuka nemombe zvinopembera mumafuro akasvibira ndokuyambuka nzizi dzinokurumidza;
Zita rechiRoma reAphrodite
Venus mwarikadzi wekare weItaly akabatana neminda yakarimwa nemapindu, akazoenzaniswa nevaRoma nemwarikadzi wechiGiriki anoshatirwa, Aphrodite.
Ichokwadi kuti kuzivikanwa kwaVenus naAphrodite kwakaitika kare kare, chikonzero chinokonzera zvichida chiri zuva rekuvambwa kweimwe yetemberi yake yeRoma, iyo inopindirana neVinalia Rustica, mabiko eJupiter musi wa19 Nyamavhuvhu.
Naizvozvo, iye naVenus vakava neukama sababa nemwanasikana uye vaibatanidzwa nevamwari vechiGiriki Zeus naAphrodite. Aivewo mwanasikana waDione, mudzimai waVulcan, uye aive amai vaCupid.
Mune ngano dzakasiyana uye nyaya aive nemukurumbira nekuda kwerudo rwake uye kushanya kwake nevose vamwari nevanhu vanofa, aibatanidzwa nezvakawanda zvechikadzi, zvakanaka uye zvisina kunaka.
SaVenus Verticordia, akapihwa mhosva yekudzivirira kuchena muvakadzi nevasikana. Asi chikonzero chakakosha chekuzivikanwa kwaive kugamuchirwa muRoma kwechitendero chakakurumbira cheVenus Erycina, ndiko kuti, Aphrodite weEryx (Erice) muSicily, iyi chitendero pachayo mhedzisiro yekuzivikanwa kwamwarikadzi wekuMabvazuva ane humwari hwechiGiriki.
Kugamuchirwa uku kwakaitika munguva uye nguva pfupi mushure meHondo yechipiri yePunic, temberi kuna Venus Erycina ichikumikidzwa paCapitol muna 215 BC. C. uye chechipiri kunze kwegedhi reColline muna 181 B.C. c.
Iyo yekupedzisira yakavakwa neimwe yakafanana netemberi yeEryx, ikava nzvimbo yekunamatira yevakuru veRoma, nokudaro zita rekuti inofa meretricum ("zuva rezvifeve") rakabatanidzwa kuna Kubvumbi 23, zuva rekuvambwa kwayo.
Kukosha kwechitendero cheVenus-Aphrodite kwakawedzerwa nezvinangwa zvezvematongerwo enyika zvemarudzi Iulia, mhuri yaJulius Caesar uye, nekugamuchirwa, kwaAugustus. Aizviti akabva kuna Iulus, mwanakomana waEneasi ainzi muvambi wetemberi yaEryx uye mune dzimwe ngano, uyewo weguta reRoma.
Kubva panguva yaHomeri zvichienda mberi, akaitwa mwanakomana waAphrodite, zvekuti dzinza rake rakapa mavambo ehumwari kuna Iulii. Vamwe kunze kweIulii vakaedza kubatana namwari akazove akakurumbira uye akakosha, kunyanya Gnaeus Pompey the triumvir, uyo akatsaurira temberi kuna Venus saVictrix (Victory Bringer) muna 55 BC. c.
Temberi yaJulius Caesar (46 BC), zvisinei, yakanyatso miswa kuna Venus Genetrix (Amai muberekesi), uyo aizivikanwa kusvika pakufa kwaNero muna 68 BC Pasinei nokutsakatika kwemutsara waJulio-Claudian, yakaramba yakakurumbira, kunyange pakati pemadzimambo, semuenzaniso Hadrian akapedza temberi yeVenus muRoma muna 135 BC
Samwari wokuItaly akaberekerwamo, Venus akanga asina ngano dzake amene, naizvozvo idzo dzaAphrodite dzinobatanidzwawo naye, uye kupfurikidza naye, akazivikanwa navamwarikadzi vokumwe vakasiyana-siyana.
Mhedzisiro inonyanyozivikanwa yebudiriro iyi ingangove iyo nyika Venus yakatora zita iro. Nyika pakutanga yakanga iri nyeredzi yamwarikadzi weBhabhironi Ishtar uye kubva ipapo yakava Aphrodite kana kuti Venus.
Nekuda kwekushamwaridzana kwake nerudo uye runako rwechikadzi, mwarikadzi Venus anga ari manyuko ekurudziro mukutaura kwehunyanzvi kubva panguva dzekare. Mabasa anonyanya kuzivikanwa ane humwari sepakati pavo ndeaya: Venus de Milo (150 BC) uye mufananidzo waSandro Botticelli, wakanzi Kuberekwa kwaVenus (1485).
Ziva kuti ndeipi ngano inonakidza yeAphrodite
Ngano yeAphrodite yakakomberedzwa nerunako, rudo, shungu uye hasha dzakaipa, kunyangwe kana vachiti mwarikadzi ane hanya, nyaya dzake zhinji dzinoratidzwa nekuratidzwa kwehunyoro hwake. Ngatizivei zvimwe zvinonakidza zvikuru:
Kuroorana kwaAphrodite
Maererano neimwe shanduro yeAphrodite ngano, nekuda kwekunaka kwake kunoshamisa, Zeus anotanga kunetseka nezvekuita kwevamwe vamwari. Mukana wekuti vachave vakwikwidzi vane chisimba kuti vamutore yaive yakavanzika uye chaiyo kudzivirira izvi, anomanikidza Aphrodite anosuruvarisa kuti aroore Hephaestus, akasimba uye asingaseke, asi mwari ane tarenda weblacksmithing.
Mune imwe shanduro yenyaya, Hera anokanda Hephaestus kunze kweOlympus, achifunga kuti haana kufadza, anotyisa uye akaremara kuti agare muimba yevamwari, kunyange zvazvo ari mwanakomana wake.
Hephaestus atova munhu mukuru, anosarudza kutsiva amai vake. Gadzira chigaro chehushe yemashiripiti uye utumire sechipo kuna mwarikadzi. Paakangogara pairi, Hera akabatwa, asingakwanisi kuzvisunungura.
Hephaestus anodanwa kuOlympus kuti asunungure Hera uye anoda, pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, kuti apiwe ruoko rwaAphrodite mukuroorana mukutsinhana. Zeus anopa chikumbiro uye mwari, anofarira kuroorwa namwarikadzi werunako, anogadzira zvishongo zvake zvakanaka uye zvisingakoshi, kusanganisira bhandi kana corset inosimbisa chipfuva uye inoita kuti atonyanya kurambidzwa nevarume.
Kusafara kwake nemuchato uyu usingadiwi kunoita kuti Aphrodite atsvage imwe shamwari yechirume, kazhinji Ares, asiwo Adonis naPoseidon.
Murume waAphrodite, Hephaestus, mwari wechiGiriki akakundwa uye akanyarara, asi haisi maitiro anofadza Aphrodite anonyanya kuoma, anosarudza Ares, mwari mudiki uye ane simba wehondo, nokuti anokwezvwa nehunhu hwake hwechisimba. ndizvo zvinotsanangurwa naHomer neimwe nzira muOdyssey.
Asi hapana chiitiko chimwe chete chinozivikanwa kuna mwari panguva yewanano yavo. Akanga ari mudiwa weTrojan Anchises uye amai vemwanakomana wavo Aeneas, weAdonis akanaka, wePoseidon, pakati pevamwe.
Ngano yaAphrodite naAdonis
Amai vaAdonis vaive tsvarakadenga yeMyrrha kana Smirna uye baba vake, Mambo Cinyrus weKupro, vaivewo baba vaMyrrha. Chokwadi, baba nomwanasikana vakaungana vakava nemimba yomwanakomana! Zvisinei, izvi zvaisava nemaune.
Uyu mugariro wechienzi wakaitika nemhaka yokuti mwarikadzi Aphrodite akanga ane godo norunako rwaMyrrha ndokuparira musikana kukumbanira baba vake amene.
Mambo paakaona zvaakanga aita, akatevera Mura nebakatwa, achida kumuuraya pamwe chete nomwana wake akanga asati aberekwa.
Panguva ino Aphrodite akaenda kure uye akazvidemba chiito chake, akakurumidza kuchinja musikana mumura kuti aponese hupenyu hwake.
Mwana achangoberekwa, uyo akagamuchira zita rokuti Adonis, akaisa mubhokisi, iyo yaakapa Persephone, mambokadzi wepasi. Persephone paakavhura hurongwa akatorwa moyo nekunaka kwemwana, saka nekufamba kwenguva Aphrodite paakazvitaura, akaramba kuidzosera.
Kunyange zvazvo mwarikadzi worudo akaburukira kupasi kuti anunure mucheche Adonis musimba ravakafa, akanyimwa mvumo yokumutora. Mhedziso yekukakavadzana pakati pevamwarikadzi vaviri yakaiswa naZeus, uyo akaraira kuti Adonis aifanira kugara nePersephone munyika yepasi kwechikamu chegore uye naAphrodite munyika yepamusoro.
Makwikwi pakati peAphrodite nePersephone kuti ave neAdonis anoratidza zvakajeka kurwa pakati perudo nerufu, dingindira rinozivikanwa mungano dzechiGiriki, sezvatinoona mungano yePersephone neHadhesi. Sarudzo yaZeus yekuti Adonis achapedza chikamu chegore ari pasi pevhu uye chikamu pamusoro ingori ngano yechiGiriki pamusoro pepfungwa yekunyangarika kwegore nekuonekwazve, iyo inoreva muchirimo nechando.
Mune dzimwe shanduro dzeAphrodite naAdonis ngano, apo Ares, mwari wehondo uye mudiwa waAphrodite, anodzidza kuti Aphrodite anoda mudiki Adonis, anova negodo rechokwadi uye anosarudza kutsiva. Mune dzimwe nyaya, Adonis akanga asingadi kudzokera kunyika yepasi uye Persephone anosarudza kutsiva.
Chokwadi ndechekuti nyaya inoratidza kuti Aphrodite aidzingirira Adonis, achipenga murudo naye, asi jaya rakanaka rainyanya kufarira kuvhima. Mwarikadzi worudo akakumbira Adonis kurega mutambo uyu une ngozi kunyange zvazvo aiufarira, nokuti aisagona kutsungirira kurasikirwa naye.
Asi Adonis asina ushingi akafuratira zano rake uye akaurayiwa nenguruve inotyisa paaivhima, zvinonzi mhuka yacho chaizvoizvo yaiva Mwari Ares nedzimwe shanduro, kuti akanga ari mutumwa wePersephone. Apo Adonis akarwiswa, Aphrodite akanzwa kuchema kwake ndokumhanyira parutivi rwake ari mungoro yake yakadhonzwa. Akaona mukomana akanga akuvadzwa akafa ndokubva atuka vanaFate naAres vakanga varayira kuti afe.
NaAdonis achiri akafa mumaoko ake, Aphrodite akashandura madonhwe eropa akadonha kubva pamaronda ake kusvika pasi kuva maruva emhepo semutero kurudo rwake. Maruva akatungira muropa raAdonis, uye mweya wake wakadzokera kuguva.
apuro regoridhe
Pachiitiko chomuchato waPeleus naThetis, Zeus akaronga mabiko, munhu wose akagamuchira kokero kunze kwaEris, mwarikadzi wokusawirirana.
Izvi nenzira imwechete yakaenda kumabiko uye nemaune yakadonhedza apuro yegoridhe, yakaratidza kunyorwa kune vakanaka kwazvo. Ehe raive zano rekugadzira kusawirirana uye izvo zvakaitika zvechokwadi, vamwari vatatu vaida apuro.
Panguva ino yaiva vamwarikadzi vatatu, Hera, Athena naAphrodite. Asi sezvo vose vaida kuti rive ravo vamene, vaida mumwe munhu anosarudza kuti apuro racho raizova raani. Ava vamwarikadzi vatatu vakashatirwa vaida kuziva kuti ndiani wavo akanga ari akaisvonaka zvikurusa. Ipapo, vakakumbira rubatsiro rwaParis, mwanakomana waMambo Priam weTroy, ndiye aizopedza gakava.
Paris yakasarudza Aphrodite seanonyanya kudiwa. Mumwe nomumwe wevamwarikadzi akavimbisa chimwe chinhu kuParis kana akamusarudza seakanyanya kunaka, munyaya yaAphrodite, akaita chivimbiso kumuchinda weTrojan kuti aite mudzimai wake mukadzi akanaka kwazvo pasi pano. Izvi zvechokwadi zvakamupa mukana wemakwikwi pamusoro pevamwe vamwarikadzi, zvichimuita mukundi.
Mubairo waAphrodite waive apuro regoridhe, chiratidzo cherunako rwake, uye waParis aive Helen. Ehe. Helen iyo yakaguma yakonzera Trojan War.
Aphrodite uye Anchises
Pane imwe nguva Aphrodite aida jaya rakanaka kubva kuTroy, zita rake rainzi Anchises. Achida kumunyengerera chero zvodini, Aphrodite akasarudza kuzvishandura kuva mukadzi anofa, saka akasarudza kusvika kunyika yake, Pafo, muKupro, uko vaGrace vakamugezesa uye vachimuzora.
Akabva apfeka zvakaisvonaka ndokuchinja kuva mwanasikana wamambo weFrygia, mune yava kunzi Turkey. Nemufaro akaenda kugomo reIda kunosangana naAnchises aifudza mombe dzake ikoko.
Mwarikadzi akashanduka kuita munhu anofa akamira pamberi pake akati: Anchises, baba vangu vanoda kuti ndikuroore nekuti unokudzwa. Ndabva kure nokuda kwenyu uye ndinoziva kutaura mutauro wenyu nokuti ndakarerwa naTrojan mukadzi.
Akazadzwa neshungu uye akaremerwa nerudo, asingazivi chaizvo zvaaiita, murume akarara pedyo naAphrodite, kwenguva yakareba vari pamwe chete uye mwarikadzi akabereka vanakomana vaviri, Eneas tateguru wevaRoma naLyros.
Asi mushure menguva refu, Aphrodite akafunga kupfekedza zvipfeko zvake zvehumambo uye aratidze kuzivikanwa kwake kwechokwadi. Zvishoma nezvishoma, akasvika pamubhedha waAnchises ndokubvunza kuti: “Ndiudze, ndinotarisa zvakafanana nezuva rawakandiona kekutanga here?
Anchises akatya paakaziva kuti ndiye mwarikadzi ndokumukumbira kuti arege hupenyu hwake. Iwe haufaniri kutya, chero bedzi iwe uchipikira kusaudza ani zvake kuti wakarara namwarikadzi, Aphrodite akamuudza.
Pasina nguva refu, zvisinei, Anchises akadhakwa uye akatanga kuzvirumbidza kushamwari dzake kuti mwarikadzi Aphrodite aimuda. Zeusi, mambo wavamwari, paakaziva nezvokuzvikudza kwake, akagumbuka zvikuru. Nehasha, akakanda mheni kumurume uyu, iyo haina kumuuraya, asi yakapofumadza.
Aphrodite, Hephaestus uye Ares
Hephaestus kana sekumudanwa kwaakaitwa nevaRoma, Vulcan, aive mupfuri wevamwari uye mukuru wemhizha. Uyu mwari akanga akaroorwa naAphrodite, mwari werudo uye runako, muchato wakarongwa naZeus, zvinopesana nokuda kwamwarikadzi.
Yakanga isiri imba yakanaka, nekuti Aphrodite aive mukadzi asina kutendeka kubva pakutanga. Akanga ane rudo rurefu naAres, mwari wehondo uye kukakavara, hukama kubva kwakaberekwa Eros, mwari werudo.
Ares aive mwari mukuru weOlympian wehondo, shungu dzehondo, uye ushingi hwemurume. Mumifananidzo yechiGiriki airatidzirwa somurwi akura ane ndebvu akapfeka zvombo zvehondo kana kuti sepwere isina ndebvu isina kupfeka ine ngowani nepfumo. Chokwadi ndechokuti ndiye akanga ari chipfuro chokuda kwouyu mwarikadzi wemaune uye ane shungu.
Helio, Mwari weZuva, uyo aikwanisa kuona zvinhu zvakawanda mukati mezuva, achityaira ngoro yake yezuva mudenga, ndiye akawana kuti rudo rwepachivande. Pane rimwe remazuva iwayo apo Aphrodite akatora mudiwa kumubhedha wake, apo Hephaestus akanga asipo, Helius aigona kuziva Ares nyore.
Saka, akaudza zvinhu zvose kuna Hephaestus, uyo akanyadzisa uye azere nehasha akasarudza kutsiva kune vanoda. Achishandisa ungwaru hwake hwose nounyanzvi hwake hwose, akagadzira mambure akanaka, asingatyoki ndokuteya vadiwa vaviri vari pamubhedha.
Hephaestus akabva angodzokera kuimba yake yekurara aine vamwe vamwari vakawanda kuti aone vaviri ava vakanyadziswa, musangano usina kupindwa nevamwarikadzi vakaramba vari paOlympus nekuda kwenyadzi, varume veOlympian chete vakaonekwa.
Poseidon akaedza kunyengetedza Hephaestus kuti asunungure vaviri vakaita upombwe. Pakutanga, Hephaestus akaramba chikumbiro, nokuti aida kushandisa zvakanyanya kutsiva kwake, asi pakupedzisira akasunungura mudzimai wake nemudiwa wake. Ares pakarepo akatizira kuThrace, nepo Aphrodite akaenda kuPafosi pachitsuwa cheKupro.
Maererano nomudetembi weRoma Ovid, Aphrodite akava nechokwadi chokuranga muparidzi, mwari wezuva Helius. Aida njuzu yainzi Clytie. Aphrodite akamuita kuti ade mumwe mukadzi muduku, ainzi Leucothoe, akanga ari mwanasikana waOrchamo mambo wePersia.
Clytie akanzwa godo newaaikwikwidzana naye, saka akaparadzira guhwa rekuti akanga anyengerwa nemunhu anofa. Baba vaLeucothoe mudiki, vakatsamwa, vakamuviga ari mupenyu. Nokudaro, pakupedzisira, Helius akasuruvara akasiya Clytie ndokubhururuka mudenga, achityaira ngoro yake kwemazuva mapfumbamwe.
Ngano yaAphrodite pamusoro pohupombwe hwake inoratidzika kuva yakaguma nokurambana kwake nomupfuri wesimbi wavamwari, Hephaestus. Munguva yeHondo yeTrojan, Homer anotsanangura mwarikadzi semudzimai weAres uye anotumidza mwenga waHephaestus saAglaia. Ukuwo, vamwe vanyori vekare vanonyatsojeka mukutsanangura kugumiswa kwewanano. Homer, Odyssey 8. 267 uye zvinotevera:
Cakaodzwa mwoyo, iye (Hephaestus) akasvika kumba kwake ndokumira paberere ndokuona mudzimai wake Aphrodite akabatwa mukumbundirwa naAres; hasha dzinotyisa dzakamubata, uye akadzvova zvinotyisa, achidanidzira kuna vamwari vose, kuti: “Uyai, Baba Zeusi; uyai, vose vakaropafadzwa vasingafi pamwechete naye; ona zvakaitika pano.
Uchaona zvino vadikamwa vaviri, vavete pamubhedha wangu; kuvaona kunondisemesa. Zvisinei, ndinokahadzika chishuvo chavo chokuzororazve ipapo, vane rudo sezvavari.
Vachakurumidza kurasa chimiro chavo ipapo; asi ngetani dzangu dzounyengeri dzichavasunga vose vari vaviri kusvikira baba vavo Zeusi vandidzosera zvipo zvose zvokuwanikwa zvandakavapa pamusoro pomwanasikana wavo chifeve; une runako, asi haunyadziswi.
Mune zvimwe zvinyorwa, Homer anoita seanopa zano kuti vaviri vakarambana mushure mechiitiko ichi, sezvo muIliad, Aglaia, gotwe uye akanakisa pavatatu Graces, mudzimai waHephaestus naAphrodite akabatana akasununguka Ares.
Aphrodite, Psyche uye Eros
Iyi ngano yeAphrodite ndeye Psyche nemwanakomana wake Eros. Psyche aive mumwe wevasikana vatatu muumambo hwechiGiriki hweAnatolia. Hanzvadzi dzose nhatu dzakanga dzakanaka, asi Psyche ndiye ainyanya kushamisa. Aphrodite, mwarikadzi werudo uye runako, akanzwa nezvehanzvadzi dzakanaka uye aiva negodo nezvese kutariswa kwaakaitwa nevanhu, kunyanya Psyche.
Saka akadana mwanakomana wake, Eros, ndokumuudza kuti aroyire musikana wacho. Akaramba achiteerera, akabhururukira pasi nendiro mbiri dzemushonga.
Invisible Eros akadira psyche yakarara nemushonga waizoita kuti varume vadzivise kwaari kana zvasvika pakuroora. Asi netsaona, akamubaya nemumwe wemiseve yake, iya ine hunhu hwekuita kuti munhu apinde murudo ipapo, akabva apepuka nekuvhunduka.
Runako rwake rwakafadza Eros zvekuti iyewo akazvibaya netsaona. Achinzwa hasha nezvaainge aita akabva amwaya mhandara iya mumwe mushonga izvo zvaizounza mufaro muupenyu hwake.
Zvechokwadi, Psyche, kunyange zvazvo ichiri yakanaka, yakanga isingakwanisi kuwana murume. Vabereki vake, vachitya kuti vakanga vagumbura vamwari neimwe nzira, vakakumbira chirevo kuti chiratidze murume weramangwana waPsyche. Chirevo chakataura kuti kunyange pasina murume aizomugamuchira, asi pane chisikwa pamusoro pegomo chaizomuroora. Kuzvipira kune zvisingadzivisiki, Psyche akananga kugomo.
Paakanga ava kuona, akasimudzwa nekamhepo kaifefetera kaimutakura kuenda kwaaienda. Mhepo yakamusiya mumusha wake mutsva, muzinda wakaisvonaka uye wakapfuma, umo murume wake mutsva, uyo asina kumubvumira kumuona, akabvumikisa kuva mudiwa munyoro. Murume ainyanya kukosha iyeye aiva, chokwadika, Eros pachake.
Pashure penguva yakati, akanzwa kusurukirwa kure zvikuru nemhuri yake uye akakumbira kushanyirwa nehanzvadzi dzake. Ava pavakaona kuti imba itsva yaPsyche yakanga yakanaka sei, vaiva negodo.
Vakasvika paari ndokumuudza kuti haakanganwi kuti murume wake ishavi uye kuti hapana mubvunzo kuti akanga achingomukodza kuti adye. Vakamukurudzira kuti avige tochi nebanga pedyo nemubhedha wake, kuitira kuti paaizomushanyira aone kana akanga ari chikara obva amugura musoro kana ari iye.
Hanzvadzi dzake dzakamupwisa kuti kwakanga kuri kwakanakisisa, naizvozvo nguva inotevera apo murume wake akamushanyira usiku, iye aizowana rambi nebanga zvagadzirwa.
Usiku ihwohwo, apo Eros akasvika, akasimudza rambi, akaona kuti murume wake akanga asiri chikara, asi mwari! Akashamisika, akamhanyira pafafitera ndokubhururuka achienda, akaedza kumutevera, asi akawira pasi ndokufenda.
Apo Psyche akamuka, imba yamambo yakanga yaenda uye akazviwana ari mumunda pedyo neimba yake yekare, akanyanya kuenda kutemberi yaAphrodite ndokunyengeterera rubatsiro rwake. Mwarikadzi, uyo akanga asina hanya naye, akamupindura nokumupa nhevedzano yebasa rokuita, mabasa ayo Aphrodite aidavira kuti musikana aisagona kuita. Yokutanga yakanga iri kurongedza mumurwi mukuru wezviyo zvakasanganiswa, zvichizviparadzanisa maererano nerudzi. Psyche akatarisa murwi uye akapererwa, asi Eros akaronga muchivande kuti uto remasvosve riparadzanise mirwi.
Aphrodite, uyo akadzoka mangwanani akatevera, akapomera Psyche kuti akanga ane rubatsiro, sezvaaive akaita, uye akarayira basa rinotevera, iro raiva rekuwana chidimbu chemvere dzegoridhe kubva kune rimwe nerimwe remakwai eboka rinogara pedyo. yerwizi rwuri pedyo.
Mwari werwizi akarayira Psyche kuti amirire kusvikira makwai achitsvaka mumvuri kubva masikati masikati, zvino vaizove vakarara uye vasingamurwisi. Apo Psyche akapa jira kuna Aphrodite, mwarikadzi zvakare akamupomera kuti akanga ane rubatsiro.
Basa rechitatu iro Aphrodite akamisira Psyche raive rekuwana kapu yemvura kubva kuRwizi Styx, kwainodonha kubva pakakwirira inoshamisa. Psyche yakafunga kuti yakanga yapera, kusvikira gondo rakamubatsira nekutakura kapu kumusoro kwegomo uye kuidzorera yakazara.
Nhema yeAphrodite inotaura kuti mwarikadzi akanga akazara, achiziva zvakakwana kuti Psyche haambofi akaita izvi oga! Kusafarira kwake kwakanga kuri zvokuti aizopa rimwe basa raizotevera, iro rakanga risingabviri kuita.
Basa raitevera rePsyche raiva rokuenda kuGehena kunobvunza Persephone, mudzimai weHadhesi, nokuda kwebhokisi remashiripiti makeup. Achifunga kuti akanga aparara, akafunga kuzvipedza nokusvetuka kubva pamawere, asi inzwi rakamuudza kuti asadaro uye rakamupa mirayiridzo yekuti aizoenda sei kuGehena kuti atore bhokisi.
Asi, izwi rakayambira, usatarise mubhokisi mune chero mamiriro ezvinhu! Ipapo Psyche ichitevera mirairo yakasvika pasi penyika uye yakagamuchira bhokisi kubva kuPersephone, ichidzokera kumba yakachengeteka.
Asi, maererano nehunhu hwake, haana kukwanisa kuzvidzora uye akafunga kutarisa mukati. Chakamushamisa ndechekuti mukati makanga musisina chinhu kunze kwerima chete izvo zvakamukotsira hope huru.
Eros haana kuzokwanisa kuzvibata zvakare ndokumumutsa, akamuudza kuti aendese bhokisi kuna Aphrodite uye aizotarisira zvakasara. Mwari akaenda kumatenga ndokukumbira Zeus kuti apindire, achimuudza nezvekuda kwake Psyche zvakanyatsojeka zvokuti mwari wevanamwari akasundwa kuti ape chido chake.
Mwanakomana waAphrodite akaunza Psyche kuna Zeus, uyo akamupa mukombe weambrosia, chinwiwa chekusafa, akazobatana navo muwanano isingaperi. Vaviri ava vaive nemwanasikana aizonzi Mufaro.
Aphrodite uye Weasel: Nyaya yeAesop
Kare kare kamboro kakadanana nekakomana kaye kaiyevedza, asi sezvaitarisirwa, mukomana wacho haana kumbofunga nezvemanzwiro emboro uye hwindi akapererwa. Aora mwoyo uye aora mwoyo, mbira yakatendeukira kuna Aphrodite, mwari werudo, uye akamukumbira kuti ashandurwe kuva mukadzi.
Aphrodite, mwarikadzi weshungu netsitsi, akanzwira tsitsi murwi uye akakurumidza kumushandura kuva musikana akanaka, uyo akaenda kunotsvaka jaya. Mukomana paakaona gwere rachinja akabva amuda ndokuenda naye kumba. Vaviri ava pavakanga vakamira mukamuri yeroora, Aphrodite akada kuona kuti mhungu yakanga yachinjawo hunhu here pamusoro pechimiro chake. Akadaro achiverevedza ndokuregedzera mbeva pakati pemba.
Mhungu yakabva yangobva pamukomana uya ndokutoshamisika nazvo ndokutanga kudzingirira mbeva. Achiona izvi, mwarikadzi akaora mwoyo zvikuru, saka akafunga kudzorera mhungu payakasikwa.
Kana wawana chinyorwa ichi chinobatsira, ita chokwadi chekutarisa mamwe malink angave aunofarira kwauri: