Hunhu hweAfrican dress

Nyika yeAfrica ndiyo nzvimbo yakamuka vanhu, madzinza ekutanga emadzitateguru edu akamiswa ipapo, ndosaka iwe uchizofarira zvese zvine chekuita neakajairwa zvipfeko uye. chipfeko cheAfrica zvevana nevakuru, pamwe nezvimwe zvinhu.

MUAFRICAN NGUO

chipfeko cheAfrica

Sezvo mune imwe neimwe yemakondinendi, zvipfeko zveAfrica zvinotsigira shanduko dzakasiyana maererano nematunhu, asi kunyanya maererano nenharaunda yekondinendi inotaurwa. Mapfekero echinyakare emuAfrica anogona kuwanikwa munzvimbo dzakaganhurana neMedithera anofanirwa kusiyana nemapfekero eNyanga yeAfrica kana yese yesub-Saharan Africa.

Nhoroondo yemapfekero eAfrica

Zvipfeko zvemuAfrica zvedunhu rega rega zvinonyanya kukanganiswa nemamiriro ekunze avaifanira kutarisana nawo, kunyanya nezuva rinopisa renzvimbo dzeequatorial nerenje.

Sezvo sangano razvino renyika risingaenderane netsika kana nhoroondo dzedzinza rega rega - asi iri mhedzisiro yeEuropean colonial period - munyika imwe chete yazvino madzinza akasiyana anogona kuwanikwa, ayo, nekudaro, ane akasiyana. mapfekero.zvakajairwa zvinozivisa chimwe nechimwe chazvo.

Chipfeko chechinyakare cheMorocco kana Algeria chine zvikamu zvechiArab pesvedzero nekuda kwepedyo nedunhu iri, uye nenyaya yekuti vanogovana chitendero. Kunyangwe muMorocco, zvipfeko zvechivanhu zvakanyanya ndezviya zverudzi rweBerber, zvakabatana nenharaunda yayo yerenje.

Munzvimbo dziri kumaodzanyemba kweSahara, zvipfeko zvakajairika zvinochengeta kusakosha kwaro munzvimbo dzaakawana kukosha uye ndiyo hwaro hwehuwandu hwevanhu. Mune dzimwe, mavambo aya anosanganiswa nekugadzirisa kwechitendero.

MUAFRICAN NGUO

Chitarisiko chinova nyore maererano nemhando dzakasiyana-siyana dzezvigadzirwa uye machira sezvo munhu anofamba achienda kuSouth kana East Africa, asi kazhinji kacho zvipfeko zvekare zveAfrica, izvo zvinewo basa rekudzivirira, zvichienderana nenharaunda.

Idzo dzakadhayiwa neruvara, dzimwe dzichizvizivisa dzimene sedzebhuruu revaBerber kana kuti dzvuku revaMasai, uye mune dzimwe nguva mapurani emadzitateguru enyika imwe neimwe anooneka. Izvo zvakajairika zvakare kuti zvipfeko zveAfrica zvizadziswe nemahedhi uye nemhando dzakasiyana dzemaparera, simbi kana zvinhu zvakasikwa sehuni.

Kune vanhu vazhinji, kunyanya vadzidzi vechidiki, vanotibvunza ruzivo nezve "zvipfeko zvakajairika" kana "zvipfeko zvenyika" zveimwe nyika yemuAfrica. Naizvozvo, isu tinotenda kuti zvakafanira kupa maitiro akatevedzwa muchikamu chino chakatsaurirwa zvipfeko muAfrica.

Isu tinonzwisisa kuti muAfrica kana mune chero imwe kondinendi hamuna "chinyakare kana chipfeko chenyika". Nyika dzose dzeAfrica, uye nyika zhinji pasi rose, dzakaumbwa nenyika dzakasiyana kana mapoka emarudzi ane tsika dzawo uye kazhinji kacho maitiro nemapfekero akasiyana.

Kune rumwe rutivi, chipfeko chakagara chiri pasi pekuchinja kwefashoni, kunyange zvazvo yakachinja, dzimwe nguva zvishoma nezvishoma. Muboka redzinza rimwe chetero, kana kuti kunyange mutaundi rimwe uye panguva imwe cheteyo, havasi vose vanopfeka nenzira yakafanana. Kunyange zvazvo kune maitiro akafanana nguva dzose uye munzvimbo dzose, mupiro wemunhu wakagara uchiverengwa.

MUAFRICAN NGUO

Saka, munyika dzakaiswa mufananidzo, mamwe angave akasiyana zvachose nevamwe vanhu nenguva.

Kushanduka kwemapfekero eAfrica

Nhasi tinorarama takajaira kuchinjika kunoramba kuripo kwefashoni muzvipfeko, kuchinjika kwemafomu akasiyana anoratidza indasitiri yemafashoni.

Fashoni inogadzira dhirezi, dzimwe nguva kushongedza muviri nekurivanza uye dzimwe nguva kuratidza muviri nehushoma hwemucheka unouratidzira.

Asi munguva pfupi yapfuura, munyika zhinji dzeKuchamhembe, rusununguko rwemumwe nemumwe wekusarudza mapfekero aanoda kusarudza. Asi inguva ichangopfuura.

Apo Europe yakaedza kudzora chikamu chikuru chenyika, vanhu vokuEurope vakatevera kanoni dzakaoma zvikuru, uye mutemo mukuru wakanga uri wokuti mutumbi waifanira kuvanzwa, kuitira kuti zvipfeko zvinongoratidzira chiso namaoko. uye dzimwe nguva kwete kunyange izvozvo. Kwairangarirwa kuva kwoutere kuratidza maoko, makumbo, kana kuti imwe nhengo ipi neipi yomuviri, kunyange pamhenderekedzo dzegungwa.

Nenzira iyi yokufunga, vokuEurope vakasvika muAfrica ndokuwana, kumaodzanyemba kweSahara, kuti nzanga dzaigara ikoko dzakanga dzine miitiro yezvipfeko yaipesana zvikuru neyavo.

Zvichipa tsika yakasimba yemagariro ekuvanza mutumbi, vakawana maguta asina kungozvikudza chete kuratidza muviri, asi akashandisa marudzi ose ekushongedza kuti aite.

MUAFRICAN NGUO

Asi havana kushamiswa kuona kuti munyika maiva nedzimwe tsika dzokusangana uye kudzidza zvinhu zvitsva, asi vakashamiswa kuti havasi vose vairemekedza tsika dzavo dzakafanana uye vakaedza kumanikidza tsika dzavo netsika.

Vachiramba vachiomerera pakuchinja miitiro yokupfeka, vokuEurope vakaunza fashoni dzavo vamene kana kuti vakagadzira itsva (hembe dzine maoko mapfupi, shorts, safari jaketi, etc.), vachiva zvitaera zvokupfeka mumaguta eEurope. , kufanana nevakuru veEuropean muWest Africa, nepo kuNorth Africa, vakamanikidza kana kuchengetedza chimiro chenyika dzechiIslam dzekuChamhembe.

Asi mamwe fashoni yomunzvimbomo inochengetwawo, yakadai sebubú yenyika dzokuMadokero, kana kuti chimiro cheYoruba, the burnus of Morocco, the Sudanese djellaba kana kuti kanzu and kofia dzenharaunda dzeSwahili.

Kazhinji, mukati me1930s, nzvimbo nhatu huru dzinogona kutariswa kubva pakuona kwekupfeka. Kumaodzanyemba nokumabvazuva kweAfrica, chitaera cheEurope, sechipfeko chemukurumbira, chakatanga kutsiva kutevedzera kwakapararira kusvika panguva ino kweyunifomu dzehondo.

Chikamu cheTanzania chemahombekombe, chipfeko cheAfrica chinotambanuka kusvika kuMalawi neZambia, uye kubva kuNairobi kuenda kuKenya, Uganda, Rwanda, neBurundi. Panguva iyoyo, zvitayera zvakanga zvakasiyana chaizvo kumaodzanyemba kweAfrica, kunyanya muAngola neMozambique.

MUAFRICAN NGUO

Zvikabudura nehembe dzine maoko mapfupi kana kuti maSahara zvave kuva zvipfeko zvebasa zvakajairika mumaguta, nepo mumaruwa zvipfeko zveEurope kana musanganiswa weizvi nezvipfeko zvinoramba zvichichengetwa. Zvishoma nezvishoma, zvipfeko zvevakadzi zvakatsiviwa nembatya dzaipfekwa kumishoni.

Chipfeko cheEurope chinogamuchirwa zvakafara zvokuti, somuenzaniso muNamibia, chimiro chezana remakore rechiXNUMX cheCentral Europe chinopedzisira chave rudzi rwechipfeko cheAfrica pakati peNama neHerero. Fesheni yevarume vemuAfrica haina kuchengetedza zvido zvechiuto sekuratidza dzinza, kunze kwevaZulu neNguni.

Chimwe chitsva ihembe dzakafara chena kana kuti dzvuku dzavafundisi vechechi dzeAfrica, zvamazvirokwazvo, tichitora somuenzaniso mifananidzo yakadhindwa muBhaibheri. Mune dzimwe nzvimbo dzeEast Africa, kunyanya Kenya uye kumaodzanyemba kweSudan, mifananidzo yechinyakare uye kushomeka kwembatya dzechirume kuripo nanhasi.

Zvamazvirokwazvo, sezvo mitoo mitsva yokushongedza yakavapo, misiyano inoshamisa zvikuru yemifananidzo yomuviri yakagadzirwa muKenya.

Mumakore iwayo, kumahombekombe eWest uye equatorial zone, maEurope ezvipfeko zvevakadzi haana kugamuchirwa, kuchengetedza machira, angave emunharaunda kana kunze kwenyika, mukurumbira wayo. Maitiro ekushongedza emachira anofanirwa kuchinjirwa kune zvinonaka zvemuno uye machira emachira eEurope anopindura kune zvinofarirwa nevatengi vavo vemuAfrica.

Mienzaniso inotangwa mumaguta makuru nevedare (kazhinji vanopfekwa nevanobva kunze) uye nevakadzi vanobva kuAfrica elite. Kupfeka kwevarume kuWest Coast kweAfrica kwakaramba kusina kukanganiswa nembatya dzeEurope, asi zvipfeko mumaguta eEurope zvinotorwa nevakuru vakuru, vadzidzi vepayunivhesiti, uye vashandi vekorasi.

Panguva imwecheteyo, zvipfeko zveequatorial Africa zvinova zvipfeko zvevanhu vepamusoro, asi zvakanyanya muDemocratic Republic. Kubva kuCongo kupfuura kubva kumakoloni eFrance. Nekudaro, iyo bubo yakachengeta nzvimbo yayo muSahel uye yakatopararira kumaodzanyemba. Kutaura idi, fashoni dzokuEurope dzakapinda zvishoma zvikuru muno kupfuura muEast and Southern Africa.

Kuchamhembe kwekondinendi, kazhinji, maitiro avo uye zvishongo zvemuviri (henna kupenda) zvakachengetwa. Vakadzi vanotora zvipfeko zveEurope mumaguta makuru, asi vaipfeka pasi pehaik, kana kufanana neMorocco, apo zvipfeko zveEurope zvaipfekwa pasi pemoto kana kunyange pasi pe djellaba uye nemashizha.

Varume, kune rumwe rutivi, vakagamuchira marokwe ebasa eEurope, uye muEgypt, zvipfeko zveEurope zvagara zviri mupfekero wakajairika wemapoka enzanga. Panguva iyoyo, muma1930, muEgypt, tarbush yechinyakare yakapikiswa.

Nguva pfupi pashure pa1935, rudzi urwu rwengowani rwakashorwa naavo vaizvirangarira vamene kuva vanofambira mberi zvikuru, vaizviona sechiratidzo chokuzviisa pasi. Padivi pechinzvimbo ichi, munyori wemitambo Tawfiq al-Hakim anotungamira mubatanidzwa unodzivirira zvakasimba tarbush. Nhasi, zvisinei, yaenda, yakapfeka vanamuzvinabhizimisi vashoma vanochengeta.

MUAFRICAN NGUO

Mushure mekupera kweHondo Yenyika Yechipiri, kutanga muna 1945, urudzi hwakashandisa zvipfeko zveAfrica seimwe ratidziro yepfungwa dzayo. Sezvineiwo, nyika dzakasiyana dzemuAfrica dzakashoropodza kushama uye kushongedza ganda zvakanyanya kupfuura zvekuEurope.

Vanoshoropodza tsika dzenyika, kazhinji vachiziva zvakanyanya semuSierra Leone, asi panguva imwechete vakagadzira fashoni kana mafomu avakashandura kuita rudzi rwechipfeko chenyika. Nkrumah akatsanangura maitiro echipfeko chenyika muna 1957 uye akateverwa neveWest Africa elite.

Nguo dzebato reYoruba, Kano kana Bamako mapenzi ave maratidziro ehurudzi. Nokudaro, mamwe marudzi egamuchidzanwa ezvitayera zvembatya, magadzirirwo ebvudzi, uye kushongedza muviri zvakava noupenyu hutsva, zvikurukuru apo vapfumi vatsva vakapfuma zvokushandisa zvipfeko sechiratidzo chechimiro chavo munzanga.

Zvigadzirwa zvebvudzi zvekuEurope nerunako zvakatorwa nevakadzi zvaisemesa mumaziso evanorwira nyika. MuDemocratic Republic of the Congo, Mobutu akatemesa abacus kuburikidza nemutemo unorambidza sutu yeEurope uye kunyanya tayi. Iyo abacus yaive chiratidzo chehuchokwadi, chiratidzo chekuenzana, virility, kureruka.

Pakutanga yakafuridzirwa nenguo dzeMaoist. Zvisinei, nekufamba kwenguva, apo kusiyana kwekirasi kwakazvisimbisa muKinshasa kubva kuma1970, bacus yakaratidza zvakare, kuburikidza nemhando yekuruka nekucheka, chiratidzo chemagariro evanhu.

Machira machira akadzokera kuequatorial nepakati peAfrica, asi aine zvitaera zvakanyanyisa uye mapatani pane dzimwe nguva. Zvisinei, kumabvazuva nekumaodzanyemba kweAfrica, vakadzi vepamusoro-soro vaipikisa kuonekwazve muguta. Fesheni yeEurope yakasimukira zvakanyanya muNairobi kupfuura muDakar.

Kazhinji, urudzi hunoratidzwa zvishoma kuburikidza nezvipfeko pane nedzimwe nzira. Kuchamhembe kweAfrica, budiriro inocherekedza yave kuedza kufukidzazve vakadzi mumaguta eEgypt sechiratidzo chetsika dzechitendero. MuLibya neTunisia, vakapupurira kumutsidzirwa kwechipfeko chenyika chakatorwa kubva kumapfekero ekare emashaykh ekumaruwa.

Kune rumwe rutivi, kugadzirwa kwe "zvakajairika" zvipfeko zvakaberekerwa kumusika wekunze. Maruva hembe dzevarume, dzakarukwa bubos, mabhegi, nezvimwe. vari kutanga kushandiswa, kutanga nevatorwa uye gare gare, kupararira pakati peAfrica America nevatsigiri vavo muUnited States.

Makambani akagadzirwa kuti agadzire zvipfeko zvechivanhu asi zvekutengesa kunze muCôte d'Ivoire (Sénoufo), nepo muLesotho yatanga kugadzira machira emusika wevashanyi, muBotswana akadhindwa machira uye matepi muMali.

zvishongo zvemuviri

Traditional Africa inoziva zvakasiyana-siyana zvezvishongedzo zvemunhu, kungave kuburikidza nenzira yekushandura chitarisiko chemuviri (scarification, tattoos, kupenda muviri, bvudzi, ...), kana kuburikidza nembatya uye zvishongo (semuenzaniso, iyo djellaba yekuchamhembe. nyika, maketeni makuru echiMasai, ngowani, ...).

Zvitaera izvi zvaishandiswa kuratidza kusiyana kwepabonde, zera, chimiro chewanano, chinamato, dzinza, chinzvimbo chemagariro kana mamwe mamiriro (basa, bato, kuchema, ...).

Aya masitayera agara achiiswa pasi pekuchinja kwemafashoni. Saka, mukati mehafu yekutanga yezana ramakore rechiXNUMX muRwanda, vhudzi iro rakanga riri hasha dzose pakati pevarume vepamusoro rakanga riri korona yebvudzi yaiita kuti mapete adonhe kumativi. Mukupera kwezana ramakore rechiXNUMX, zvaive zvakamanikidzwa kuCuba vechidiki kupfeka ngowani dzepamusoro.

Nhasi, nepo pakati pevechidiki vari munyika zhinji dzeKumaodzanyemba, kugadziridzwa kwemuviri (kuboora, matattoo, mhete, ...) ndiyo fashoni yazvino uye zviratidzo zveutsva, zvingaite sezvisinganzwisisike kuti munguva dzemakoloni, zvishongo zvakadaro, kusanganisira kupenda muviri uye kupenda. kushama, zvaionekwa sehutsinye uye zviratidzo zvekushaya ruremekedzo.

Iyi nzira yekufunga, uye mishandirapamwe inoenderera mberi yekugamuchira mafomu eEurope nemapfekero, yakashandura akawanda emafashoni uye tsika dziripo muAfrica, uye zvakakonzera kuti maitiro munyaya iyi akadzidzwe zvishoma kana kuunganidzwa. Pazasi pane mimwe mienzaniso yekushongedza muviri iko zvino kunoshandiswa mune dzimwe nzanga dzemuAfrica.

Hunhu hwezvipfeko zveAfrica

Inonyanya kushandiswa fiber mukugadzirwa kwembatya ikotoni, nenzira iyi nzira dzekare dzekudhaya dzichiri kushandiswa nemhando dzakasiyana-siyana dzemavara uye echinyakare machira emapuranga ane reels, achiwana mhedzisiro yakafanana neyemazuva ano fekitori yemucheka.

Saizvozvowo, muchina wokudhinda une kukosha kwekutaurirana uye basa rekugarisana, iro rinoratidza nguva dzakakosha muhupenyu hwevanhu kana kusarudza kuva veboka kana dzinza.

Mutsika yeAfrica, tinogona kuona kuti maHausa maartisans eNigeria, vanowana sei magadzirirwo ejometri nekusiyanisa ruvara rweshinda, kune rumwe rutivi, iyo Sénoufo yeCôte d'Ivoire, inoruka mabhandi masendimita matanhatu paupamhi, aasonanidza pamwechete, ipapo Vanopenda nemavara echisikigo.

Saizvozvo, muMali trichrome yechena, nhema uye tsvuku inoshandiswa, kana muGhana bhuruu, yero, tsvuku uye girinhi inoshandiswa, nepo mune dzimwe nyika dzeAfrica dzeWest, vanowanzoshandisa mavara akadai senyanga dzenzou, vanilla. , nyika, ocher, goridhe uye dema.

Tsika yemarudzi akawanda emuAfrica kuzvishongedza kwomunhu, kunotangira pakuchinja chitarisiko chomunhu nezvishongo zvemapfekero kusvika kumatattoos kana pendi yemuviri.

Zvipfeko zvakajairika zvemuAfrica zvipfeko

Mukati meiyi tsika, mamwe mapfekero ezvipfeko zvemuAfrica anomira pachena, pakati pawo:

khanga: Iro rectangular chidimbu chejira mumavara akajeka, ane dhizaini yepakati uye imwe yakaipoteredza.

Kiteng: jira rakagadzirwa nemutoo unonzi batik, iro vakadzi vanoputira pachipfuva, muchiuno kana mumusoro sengowani, nenzira imwe cheteyo rinoshandiswa sechinhu kugadzira marokwe.

dashiki: chipfeko chakanyanya kufarirwa pakati pevarume, chinosanganisira kureba kwepamusoro kusvika kumusoro wehudyu, yakashongedzwa nemhando dzakasiyana-siyana pamutsipa, kazhinji inopfekwa neyakajairwa brimless hat kana kufi.

Grand boubou: Kuve chipfeko chakajairwa chevarume vekuNorth Africa, chakanyanya seti ine jasi, tirauzi uye ngowani.

Aso-Oke: Chimwe chipfeko chechikadzi chine mavara kwazvo, chinosanganisira blouse, siketi yekuputira, sikavha uye shawl, nenzira imwechete kune seti yevarume.

Pasinei nemhando dzakasiyana-siyana dzemapateni akajairika edunhu rega rega, zvipfeko zvemuAfrica zvine zvinhu zvakajairika senge ruvara, kupenya uye kwekutanga.

Masks African Nature uye basa rechinyakare art

Sorutivi runokosha rwetsika, masks eAfrica anowanzochengeterwa mitambo yechitendero yokuonga vanamwari. Nenzira iyi, munhu anodzishandisa anogona kuva midzimu yemadzitateguru, magamba engano, mweya yemhuka, kana kuti musanganiswa wayo unokudziridza hukama nenyikadzimu.

Hunhu hwemasiki eAfrica

Kunyange zvazvo basa guru remakonye eAfrica riri kushandura vatakuri vazvo kuva vanhu vane simba, kupa upenyu kune chisikwa chemarudzi akasiyana-siyana, anoshandiswa mumitambo yechitendero neyemagariro evanhu sekurima, mariro, kutangwa mukukura kana kukudza mukadzi. . Nokudaro, dzinobatanidza hunhu hwevanhu nemhuka, senzira yokupemberera kubatana pakati pomunhu nemhoteredzo yake.

Pasina mubvunzo, zvinhu zvinosarudzwa pakugadzirwa kwemasikisi aya ndehuni, zvichibva pakutenda kuti miti ine mweya, asi zvimwe zvinhu zvakadai semhangura, bronze, nyanga dzenzou kana terracotta zvinoshandiswawo nenzira imwecheteyo, kuwedzera, iyo yakapendwa. .nemavara echisikigo kubva kuzvipembenene, pasi kana ropa, uye akashongedzwa nematehwe, matehwe, mapfupa, mashizha kana zvirimwa. Vanewo hukuru hwakasiyana-siyana uye masitayera zvichienderana nebasa ravanoita.

Mhando dzemasikisi eAfrica

Mukati metsika dzekondinendi ino mune mhando dzakasiyana dzemasiki dzinosiyana nedzinza rega rega, ngationei mamwe acho.

Kanaga kubva kuMali:Inoshandiswa panguva yemhemberero yeDogon kukudza kusikwa kwenyika kana mumariro edzinza reAwá, mask iyi inomiririra shiri yeAfrica yezita rimwe chete, nenzira iyi chiso chine chimiro chetatu, koni muchikamu chezasi. yemuromo, uye korona inofananidzira mapapiro akatambanudzwa eshiri.

Fang anobva kuCameroon, Gabon neEquatorial Guinea:Iine accentuated elongated maficha uye indentations inokwira kubva kumaziso kusvika kumatama, iyi mask inoshandiswa kune forensic mabasa ekuchengetedza runyararo uye kurwisa masimba akaipa. Saizvozvo, yaive sosi yekurudziro kumuvendi Picasso, mubhuku rake Les Jeunes Dames d'Avignon.

Mamwe masiki ane mukurumbira anosanganisira: Dan, Senufo, Isu, Baule, Kulango anobva kuCôte d'Ivoire, pamwe naSowie anobva kuSierra Leone neNigeria, Akuaba anobva kuGhana, Andoni anobva kuNiger, Bindji anobva kuZaire, Bamileke anobva kuCameroon, Salampasu anobva kuCongo, uye Pende d'Angola.

Muchidimbu, masiki eAfrica, mukuwedzera kumabasa avo echitendero, enzanga akadai se: kugamuchira achangoberekwa, kumushandura kuva munhu mukuru, kumupa uchenjeri uye kumuperekedza murufu.

Heano mamwe malink aunofarira:

Iva wekutanga kutaura

Siya yako yekutaura

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