Kugoverwa kwezvematongerwo enyika-kwemagariro eZapotec, kwakaratidzwa pasi pepiramidhi inotungamirirwa nemutungamiri uye pakupedzisira boka revanhu rakaderera, iro raizivikanwa nekuva nezwi rekutonga kwemonarchical. Kuburikidza nechinyorwa chino, tinokukoka iwe kuti uzive Sangano rezvematongerwo enyika reZapotecs.
Sangano rezvematongerwo enyika reZapotecs
Marudzi eZapotec akazivikanwa nehondo yakavabvumira kuparadzira tsika dzavo, vachitanga umambo hwechitendero. Makuru epamusoro-soro etsika iyi akarara muMonte Albán, Yagul, Teotitlán neZaachila, iyo yavakakwanisa kukunda kuburikidza nehukama hwekutengeserana nevavakidzani veOlmecs, uye kuburikidza nekukunda kwemauto uye kutorwa kwevatongi vanokwikwidza vevanhu vakavakidzana.
Nokudaro, sezvavakatangwa pasi pegadziriro yamativi maviri, iyo yaimirira nzira yavo youpenyu, ikoku mupfungwa iyoyo kwakapesvedzera zvakananga sangano ravo rezvamatongerwe enyika. Nenzira iyi, mutsika iyi hurongwa hwehurumende hwakatangwa iyo yainyanya kushandiswa nevakuru, ichiisa semumiriri wayo mukuru Gocquitao kana Mambo, uye rubatsiro rwevapristi.
Kazhinji, chigaro chemunhu mukuru chaifanira kugarwa namambo mubasa, kureva kuti, mambo ndiye aiva nesimba rokugadza mutevedzeri wake, chero bedzi richibva kumukadzi akanga ari mwanasikana wasabhuku. kana Murwi; izvi neimwe nzira zvakabvumira, kuti pakanga paine kubatanidzwa kwesangano rose reZapotec maererano nehurongwa hwayo hwezvematongerwo enyika.
VaZapotec, kunze kwokuva namambo wavo, vaivawo neboka ravaprista vainzi vane mabasa anokosha zvakaenzana mukuwedzera kukushanda soruyamuro kuna mambo, pamusoro pezvinhu zvoumambo. Ikoku, neimwe nzira, kwakaipa chimiro choubati ushe hwaMwari; Saizvozvowo, zvakakosha kuziva kuti boka iri chete ndiro rinofanira kuumbwa nevanhu vekuzvarwa, munyaya iyi maZapotecs.
Chokwadi cheSangano Rezvematongerwo enyika reZapotecs
Hunyambiri uhwu hunoonekwa maererano nekutonga, hunotiita kuti tifunge kuti paive nemhando mbiri dzemiono yekutonga nekutonga kwehumambo; zvisinei, muiyi tsika maonere omuenzaniso woubati ushe hwoumwari uye kurongeka zvakatekeshera. Izvi zvinoonekwa zvakanyanya mushure mekuongorora zviyero nemirau inoratidzwa pazasi.
- Vapristi ndivo avo, neimwe nzira, vakavimbisa kuchengetedzwa uye kusimbiswa kwamambo uye vakaita izvi vachiperekedzwa nemauto, ndiko kuti, vanhu veboka repamusoro vanomiririrwa musangano remagariro nezvematongerwo enyika reZapotec vakapinda mune izvi. support..
- Muenzanisiro woubati ushe hwaMwari wakafukidzwa neimwe nzira nohunhu hwakavanzika uye hwoumwari, ivo naizvozvo vakarangarira kuti chimiro chavo chikuru chakanga chichitenderera pana Mwari, uyo anofanira kuva anonamatwa hake.
- VaZapotec vaifunga kuti vanhu vedzinza revapristi vaiva nechokuita namwari anotsigira tsika iyi, saka vaifanira kuramba vasina kuroora. Pamusoro pezvo, vanhu ava vaive nezvinzvimbo sevatongi vakuru veumambo ihwohwo, ava vaiwanzoramba vakavharirwa uye vakachengetedzwa mukati memuzinda.
- Kubatana kwevamiriri ava nevagari venharaunda iyi kwaitungamirirwa nemitemo yevakuru vechitendero, isingaverengerwi nemutemo, asi zvichibva papfungwa dzemukurumbira wekuwana zvinzvimbo zveukuru muhurongwa hwezvematongerwo enyika hweZapotec.
Sangano remagariro
Kubva pamavambo ayo, sangano revanhu veZapotec rinoumbwa kuburikidza nenheyo yemitemo, iyo yakatangwa uye yakarongedzwa mumuenzaniso wehutungamiri hwechitendero, hunobva pahutongi hwehuMwari.
Nokudaro, sezvo izvi zvakakamurwa kuva mapoka maviri anogona kugadzwa boka rinotonga uye rakakundwa, rinowanzotsanangurwa nemhando yebasa iro munhu mumwe nomumwe akashandisa munharaunda.
- Boka rokutanga: Yaiumbwa nevaprista, vakuru, varwi, vakuru vakuru navashambadziri.
- Boka rechipiri: yaigadzirwa kazhinji nevarimi uye mhizha.
Pamusoro pezvo, pakanga paine zvimwe zvinhu zvaionekwa nemaZapotec zvine chekuita nemagariro akakosha kunharaunda yavo, sezviya zvaticharatidza pazasi:
Mhuri
Mhuri yaifananidzira chinhu chinokosha uye chemagariro evanhu veZapotec, apo munhu mumwe nomumwe, maererano nehutano hwavo, aiva nebasa rekuita chimwe chiitiko. Iwo akatsanangurwa pazasi:
- Kana vari varume, vaiita mabasa akadai sekuvhima, kubata hove, kurima, kutengeserana, kugadzira hari uye pamusoro pekudzidzira sevarwi.
- Muvanhukadzi, zvakanga zvakajairika kuvaona vachishanda mumabasa anoreva kukohwa, kubika, kuchengetedza dzimba dzavo, pamwe chete nekupinda kwavo mumabasa emaoko akaita sekugadzira micheka, tswanda, nezvimwe; pane dzimwe nguva, vaiitawo basa rokurima.
Zvakakosha kuziva kuti vaZapotec vaifarira kuva nemhuri dzakakura zvikuru, uye ivavawo, vakaedza kuramba vari pedyo pamwe chete.
muchato
MaZapotec akaita inbreeding, saka zvaive zvakajairika kuona mumichato yebudiriro pakati penhengo dzine dzinza remhuri imwe chete, vaigona zvakare kuroora vanhu vanobva kune dzimwe mhuri.
Patriarchy
Kune budiriro yeZapotec, nharaunda yavakagadzira yakaumbwa nehunhu hwemadzitateguru, varume vaive nebasa rakakosha munzanga iyi, saka zvaive zvakajairika kuona kuti zvese zvakaputirwa nekumiririra uku.
Heritage
VaZapotec vaiva nemitemo ine chokuita nokutarisira musha, kazhinji kana paiva nenyaya yokufa kwevabereki veimwe mhuri, mhuri yevabereki vavo yaikamurwa, ichipa mwana mumwe nomumwe mugove wavo; Paiva nevana mumhuri iyi, vaiva nekodzero yokuwedzera chikamu chinokosha chenhaka, sezvo vaigara nedangwe ravo panguva yechiitiko ichi.
Saizvozvowo, musiyano mukuru pakati pezvikamu zvaifanira kugashira murume kana mukadzi wakaonekwa, nokuti kazhinji murume ndiye aigamuchira zvinhu zvakawanda kupfuura mwana wemukadzi. Kwaitova nezviitiko apo vabereki vaipa kodzero yepfuma yavo apo vaiona zvisingabviri kushanda uye vana vavo vakanga vakura nemhuri yakatoumbwa.
Chitendero
Munguva yeSpain isati yasvika, budiriro yeZapotec yaidavira kuti nyika yose yakanga yakafukidzwa nezvinhu zvina, chimwe nechimwe chaiumbwa nomumwe mumvuri weruvara uye nezvimwe zvinhu, rumwe rweruvara rwakati uye nezvimwe zvisinganzwisisiki uye zvinoshamisa. Ivavawo, vaibatanidzwa navamwari vavo, vachivapa zvinhu zvomusikirwo zvakadai se: zuva, mvura, mafungu, pakati pezvimwe. Saizvozvo, ivo vaiona nguva seyakatenderera uye isiri-mutsara.
Parizvino vaZapotec, vanochengeta muchikamu zvitendero zvavo zvekare vachizviwiriranisa nezvitendero zvechiKatorike, pakati pezvinotendwa zvemazuva ano zvinotevera zvinoitwa:
- kuzvipira kuna Jesu Kristu.
- Kuzivikanwa uye kutenda mumhuka dzinochengeta, dzine mazita shades. Vane pfungwa yokuti kana munhu aberekwa, anowana dziviriro yenzwi rinogona kumiririrwa nemhando ipi neipi yemhuka; uyezve, zvaidavirwa kuti akapa unhu kumunhu wake, mungava musimba, simba, uchenjeri, pakati pezvimwe.
- Kuvapo kwen’anga nemadhimoni, ayo maererano nenhau yavo iwaya anowanzozviratidza ari muchimiro chomunhu, angava murume kana kuti munhukadzi.
- Sezvo kuine vaprista veChechi yeRoma, kuchine vamwe vakashandisa upristi hweZapotec, ndosaka vachionekwa vachitungamirira tsika nemitambo yetsika iyi. Kuti vasimuke, vaprista ava vakapiwawo zita ren’anga, dzinofanirwa kutungamira mhemberero dzakakosha dzakadai se: michato, mariro, rubhabhatidzo, kukomborerwa kwemusha mukufamba, kucheneswa kwemweya, pakati pezvimwe.
Mhemberero
Kana dziri tsika dzavo dzetsika, vaZapotec vaizivikanwa nokuzvidukupisa kuna vamwari nokupa zvipo, kurovanisa magirazi pakunwa, izvo zvaisanganisira tsika dzeropa nezvinopiwa zvevanhu nemhuka. Munyaya yevanhu, vaiwanzosarudza vanhu kubva kumarudzi evavengi uye mukutsinhana uku vakakumbira vamwari kubudirira muzvirimwa zvavo, mamiriro okunze akanaka, pakati pezvimwe zvikumbiro.
Parizvino, mhemberero idzi dzinoenderana nezviitiko zvakadai sezviya zvataurwa pamusoro apa, zvakadai se: muchato, hupenyu, rubhabhatidzo, mariro, nezvimwe. Zvitendero zviviri zvakakosha ndezvinoitika paZuva reVatendi Vese, uye zuva remusande wesangano rega rega.
Kana iwe wakawana chinyorwa ichi cheSangano rezvematongerwo enyika yeZapotecs chinonakidza, tinokukoka iwe kuti unakirwe nezvimwe zvinyorwa izvi: