Vapendi vane mukurumbira nemabasa avo ehunyanzvi

Mazita avo chiratidzo chehutano uye anozivikanwa kunyange kune avo vari kure nenyika yeunyanzvi. imwe neimwe ye Vapendi vane mukurumbira Chakanga chiri chiitiko chakakosha chenguva yacho. Mumwe munhu ane basa roupiyona, mumwe anokwezva nezvakavanzika zvake, uyu mumwe anokatyamadza nehuchokwadi hwakasiyana.

VAPENDI vane mbiri

Vapendi vane mukurumbira

Vanyori vanhu vanogona kutaura pachena nenzanga mumutauro wemifananidzo uye mafomu ekuona. Nekudaro, kufarirwa kwayo uye kukosha kwayo hakuratidzike kunoenderana zvachose netarenda chete. Ndivanaani vaiva vanyori vane mukurumbira zvikuru munhau?

Albrecht Dürer

Mupendi wekuGermany Albrecht Dürer (Albrecht Dürer) aive mumwe wekutanga kusvika pamaonero epakati uye akasarudza chimiro chemufananidzo wakanyatsorongwa uye zvinomiririra zvemifananidzo yake, seMutambo weRosary. Kuzviratidza kwake kune mukurumbira pasi rose. Kupenya kuri kupenyera uye kunyengedzwa kwejira rejasi rake kuchiri kushamisa mamirioni avanhu nhasi.

Pamusoro pekupenda, akaita mifananidzo yakawanda uye mavara emvura ezvisikwa, zvakadai seYoung Hare. Zvisinei, ane chikwereti chebudiriro yake senyanzvi yezvivezwa zvake zvehuni nemhangura, izvo zvakagoverwa semifananidzo yemabhuku muEurope yose.

Paul Gauguin

Paul Gauguin akaberekerwa muParis muna 1848. Ndiye mumwe wevanyori veFrance vane mukurumbira. Asati atamira kuFrench Polynesia, kwaakagara kusvikira pakufa kwake, akanga ari mumwe wevanyori vakuru vechikoro chePont-Aven. Manyorerwo ake anofemerwa nekufungidzira uye kudhinda kweJapan, uye mifananidzo yake mikuru yava kuratidzwa mumamiziyamu makuru seMusée d'Orsay. Mupendi ane mukurumbira akafira muMarquesas Islands muna 1903.

Michelangelo buonarrotti

Michelangelo, kana kuti Michelangelo di Lodovico Buonarroti Simoni, akaberekerwa muCaprese muna 1475 uye akafira muRoma muna 1564. Anoonekwa sechikamu cheItaly High Renaissance, kunyange zvazvo akaita nguva iyi. Muimbi uyu anonyanya kuzivikanwa nemabasa ake echitendero, kunyanya, hongu, pakupenda kwake padenga reSistine Chapel. Zvadaro, maitiro ake uye maitiro anotorwa zvakare, zvichiita kuti pave nekutanga kwemaitiro.

VAPENDI vane mbiri

Munguva yeRenaissance, panzvimbo yekutongwa kusingaperi, kunaka kwezvisikwa kwakauya pamberi. Miguel Ángel Buonarroti, anozivikanwa munguva yehupenyu hwake, akazvitsaurirawo kwairi. Akabatanidza ruzivo rweanatomical nerudo rwekukwana.

Pope pachake akapa basa guru rekupendwa kwedenga rekusikwa kwenyika kuSistine Chapel muRome. Sezvingabvira chimiro chakakurumbira zvikurusa munyika Chisikwa chaAdhama, umo Adhama anodzorerwa kuupenyu nokubatwa kweminwe yaMwari.

Michelangelo akakwanisawo kuita zvakafanana semuvezi, achikwanisa kuunza matombo emarble akaoma muupenyu. Kufanana naDhavhidhi muduku anotaridzika akashinga, anopa hofori Goriati huma yake yakamonana. Semukwikwidzi waLeonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo aionekwawo semurume weRenaissance nekuda kwehunyanzvi hwake mukuveza, kupenda, uye nhetembo. Pesvedzero yake uye mupiro mukusimudzira art yekuMadokero haienzaniswi kusvika zvino.

Edward Manet

Mufananidzo wake unozivikanwa "Breakfast on the Grass" unozivikanwa pasi rose nhasi. Baba vaEdouard Manet vaida kuti adzidze mutemo, asi Manet akaramba ndokutanga kudzidza kupenda naThomas Couture. Anoisa chiyero mumusangano weImpressionist, pamusoro pezvose nemafungiro aanosarudza kupenda: mifananidzo, nzvimbo, hupenyu huchiri hupenyu kana hupenyu hweParis.

Kunyangwe akazvikomberedza nevakangwara (saÉmile Zola kana Charles Baudelaire), vaairarama navo vakamushoropodza kwenguva yakareba. Nzira yake yekugadzira, sezvainokodzera nzira yemuimbi chaiye, yakanga isiri iyo yakapfava: mifananidzo yake yakakonzera kukakavara uye zvinonyadzisa, muma1860 akaratidzwa mune inonzi Hall of the Outcast. Yakanga iri imwe nzira yekuratidzira yevanyori vasina kugamuchirwa paSalon yepamutemo muParis.

Ndiwo waiva mugumo webasa rake rinonzi Olympia, iro rakakatyamadza veruzhinji. Vakanyora kuti protagonist wecanvas anotarisa muoni nekuzvidza kwakadaro uye anobata ruoko rwake rworuboshwe sokunge ane bhegi muruoko urwu, uye mukadzi pachake pachake haana hanya nezvavanofunga nezvake. Mufananidzo wacho waionekwa sewakanyanya kuti sandara uye kuti chitarisiko chawo chaiva chine tsvina. Ndiani angave akafunga kuti mushure memakore zana nemakumi mashanu iyi canvas ichava imwe yeanonyanya kuzivikanwa munyika.

VAPENDI vane mbiri

Michelangelo Merisi uye Caravaggio

Mutariri webarocco wekuItaly Caravaggio pasina mubvunzo mumwe wevanyori vane mukurumbira wenguva dzese. Mabasa ake eunyanzvi, akadai sekudanwa kwaMateu Musande, anoratidzwa nechiedza chakasimba/misiyano yakasviba uye anowanzo tsanangura zviitiko zvechitendero kana zvekufungidzira, panguva imwe chete zvine hutsinye: kubva pakurohwa kwaKristu kuenda kuna Judith, akagura musoro waHolofernes. .

Akawana vatsivi vakawanda, vakadai semuvendi ane tarenda zvakaenzana asi asinganyanyi kuzivikanwa Artemisia Lomi Gentileschi. Akaputsa netsika yeRenaissance artists avo vaitungamirirwa nemafungiro akanaka. Mienzaniso yake yakanga isiri varoora, asi varatidziri uye zvidhakwa netsoka dzine tsvina. Ichi chimiro chitsva chainyandura uye chakagamuchirwa zvikuru.

Vazhinji maartist vanofemerwa naye (sezvakataurwa, zvakare Rembrandt), saka maitiro ake ane zita rake anobuda kubva kwaari: Caravaggism. Mifananidzo yake, dzimwe nguva ndeyechokwadi, yakaumba vepanguva yake uye zvizvarwa zvinotevera.

Paul Cézanne

Paul Cézanne (1839-1906) anozivikanwa kune vakawanda sababa vekupenda kwemazuva ano, kunyange zvazvo akatanga basa rake sebhangi. Pakupedzisira, muParis, tarenda rake semupendi rinouya pamberi uye anotsvaga nzvimbo yake munyika yehunyanzvi. Paul Cézanne anonyanya kuzivikanwa nemifananidzo yake yenzvimbo yeAix-en-Provence, kwaakapedza hudiki hwake.

Kubva kuAix-en-Provence, Paul Cézanne anomira pachena semumwe wevatambi vakuru vemazuva ano. Hunyanzvi hwake hunoita hukama pakati pezvitaera zvechinyakare zvezana ramakore rechi XNUMX uye mamwe maavant-garde ezana ramakore rechiXNUMX. Kuve chikamu chemusangano we-post-impressionist, akagadzira maitiro ake uye akafurira, kuwedzera kune vazhinji vemazuva ano maartist, kusimudzira mafambiro akazotevera.

VAPENDI vane mbiri

Nzira yake yekufananidzirwa kwemifananidzo inobva pane nzira inovaka iyo inosanganisira kubatanidza ndege dzezvinhu kuti dzigadzire seti yekuzara kukuru. Pfungwa yake yaizotorwa gare gare naPicasso naBraque. Cézanne pachake akafemerwa neveFrench Impressionist painters, vachinyorera kuona zvinhu seti yezvimiro. Anoomerera zvose kumaonero ekuona kwebasa rake uye kuchidzidzo chataurwa.

Nekupenda chidzidzo chimwe chete kakawanda (maapuro, maranjisi, makomo) nyanzvi inokwanisa kuita kuti hunyanzvi hwake huve hwakanakisa. Dzidza mhedzisiro yechiedza uye maonero, uchitarisa maitiro akasiyana ezvinhu. Izvi zvinogadzirwa nendege dzemavara dzinoratidza zvikamu zvejometri zvezvinhu.

Nekuparadzanisa fomu kuburikidza nemutambo wekubvisa, mupendi anoedza kutora shanduko iyo zvinhu zvinosangana nazvo maererano nekugadziriswa kwavo munzvimbo. Mazano aCézanne echimurenga munzira yekubata chidzidzo uye murevereri ari muimbi anozopesvedzera vatauri, ma cubists uye kunyangwe vemangwana.

Diego Velazquez

Las Meninas mumwe wemifananidzo ine mukurumbira munhoroondo yehunyanzvi uye hunyanzvi hwaVelázquez. Diego Velázquez akapenda mwanasikana waPhilip IV nevasikana vake uye akazvifira pamucheto wependi semupendi wedare kumhuri yehumambo yeSpain. Akasuma Pope uye akatopa chiremerera kune vadiki vedare.

Kunyangwe mumutambo wake The Surrender of Breda, airatidza hunyanzvi hwekudyidzana. Panzvimbo pekukunda kwemauto eSpain pamusoro peNetherlands, inoratidza kupa kwehushamwari makiyi eguta. Muzvinyorwa zvake zvinogonawo kuitika kuti kumashure kwebhiza kunotambanudzirwa kune muoni, sekunge munhu akazvionera.

Izvi zvinonyanya kuoneka muchidimbu chevhiri rinotenderera mupendi yake Iyo Fable yeArachne, inozivikanwa zviri nani seThe Spinners.

Auguste renoir

Auguste Renoir (1841-1919), ane zita rizere rainzi Pierre-Auguste Renoir, mupenda anoyemurwa nokuda kwemabasa ake kubvira pakupera kwezana remakore rechiXNUMX. Pakutanga, inogona kugoverwa kuImpressionist movement, asi akatama kubva pairi uye anopenda mifananidzo yakawanda uye yechokwadi.

Nudes, mapikicha, nzvimbo kana kunyange achiri hupenyu: Renoir muvezi akagonesa uye anoshanda zvakasiyana-siyana anozvibvumira kusazorora. Kunyange mumakore okupedzisira oupenyu hwake, apo akatambura rheumatism yakakomba uye asingachagoni kufambisa mativi akawanda omuviri wake, akapfuurira kupenda kupfurikidza nokusungira mabhurasho ake pamaoko ake.

Mutambi wechiFrench anonyanyo zivikanwa nekuda kwemifananidzo yake yehunhu hwevakadzi uye chinamato chake chekunaka. Rimwe remabasa ake ane mukurumbira ndeye Dhanzi paMoulin de la Galette (1876), iyo, mune yakajairwa fashoni yeImpressionist, inotora musimboti wemabiko epamhepo pamusi weSvondo weParisian, uko vagari vemuguta vaigona kunwa, kutamba, kutaura uye kutaura. Nakidzwa.

Mabasa ake akazotevera anofarira madingindira echinyakare, mifananidzo, kana nziyo dzekufananidzira. Zvisinei neshanduko idzi, Renoir anoramba akatendeka kumiririro yevasina kupfeka. Maonero ake chaiwo echikadzi kumunhukadzi anofemerwa naRubens. Kupera kwebasa rake kucharatidzwa nekugadzirwa kwakaringana kwevakadzi vasina kupfeka. Shanduko yedingindira inopindura shanduko yemaitiro.

Jan Vermeer

Muzana remakore rechi2003, inonzi Golden Age, kutengeserana kwounyanzvi kwakabudirira kuchamhembe kweNetherlands. Vapendi vakadai saRembrandt, Van Delft, uye Jan Vermeer (Johannes Vermeer) vakava vanyori vemifananidzo vakakurumbira. Wekupedzisira akakwanisa kushamisa vaoni vake nemusikana wake ane mhete yeparera. Muna XNUMX, bhaisikopo rakabva pamufananidzo wake usinganzwisisike rakatoburitswa.

VAPENDI vane mbiri

Mifananidzo yakadai sevarume nevakadzi vanonwa waini kana kuti yakawanda-yakakurukurwa fananidzo yekupenda inogona kuonekwa nhasi sehupupuriro hwezvakaitika kare pamusoro pezvipfeko uye nyika yevanhu. Haisi yemavara akajeka uye akajeka, asi pamusoro pezvose nezveziso kune zvakadzama uye kutarisa muhupenyu hwezuva nezuva. Zviitiko zvezvakaitika kare zvaifanira kugovera mufananidzo wacho nevanhuwo zvavo, mhizha, vashandikadzi, kunyange zvidhakwa.

Jan Vermeer aive mumwe muvezi wechiDutch ainyanya kuratidzira mukati medzimba dzine mari shoma uye hupenyu hwepakati. Kunyange zvazvo akanga asina kuzivikanwa munguva yeupenyu hwake, basa rake rakawanwazve muna 1860. Gare gare, zvimwe zvemifananidzo yake zvakanzi zvakaitwa navamwe vanyori vemifananidzo, asi munyori wechokwadi akakurumidza kuzivikanwa nemhaka yebasa rinorwadza revanzveri vemifananidzo navanyori venhau.

Parizvino, makumi matatu nemana anozivikanwa mabasa, ari ebhurashi raVermeer. Iyo inonyanya kuzivikanwa yemifananidzo yake ndeye "Musikana ane Pearl Mhete" (1665). Mufananidzo wacho unokwezva kutarisa uye kunetseka kwemusikana akapfeka zvipfeko zvinoshamisa, pamwe chete nemhete huru inopenya, iyo inowanzoonekwa separera.

Henri Matisse

Henri Matisse akaberekerwa kumaodzanyemba kweFrance muna 1869. Chaizvoizvo, aifanira kunge akatora purazi revabereki, asi Matisse akasarudza kudzidza mutemo muParis. Muna 1889 akashanda kwenguva pfupi semubatsiri wezvemutemo uye panguva imwe cheteyo akatora makirasi ekudhirowa mangwanani-ngwanani paÉcole Quentin de la Cour.

Muna 1890 akatanga kunyatsopenda uye aida kugadzirira bvunzo yekupinda paÉcole des Beaux-Arts, asi haana kuipasa. Matisse akapedza zhizha ra1905 naAndré Derain uye pamwechete vakagadzira chimiro chitsva chaizodzika munhoroondo yehunyanzvi seFauvism.

VAPENDI vane mbiri

Frida Kahlo

Vakadzi vaishanda semaartist vanonyanya kuverengera mumabhuku echinyakare. Mumwe akapinda munzira yevarume ndiFrida Kahlo. Iye wekuMexico anozivikanwa nekuda kwemifananidzo yake yakajeka uye ine mavara ega.

Mifananidzo yake inotaura zvine shungu uye nemanzwiro pamusoro pekurwadziwa uye simba. Akagadzirisa zviitiko zvake zvinoshungurudza mumifananidzo yake, tsaona yake yakakomba yebhazi (El pilar roto), kupfupfudzika kwake uye kurwadziwa kwemoyo (Las dos Fridas) nemurume wake Diego Rivera.

Vechikadzi vanovapemberera nekuratidzira zviitiko zvavo zvechikadzi. Munyika yake yekwaakabva, iye chiratidzo chakaunza tsika yeko kuEurope. Ikoko akawana kuyemura kukuru pakati peboka resurrealist rakapoteredza André Breton. Mamwe emabasa ake ane mukurumbira ndeweSelf-Portrait ane Necklace yeMinzwa uye Hummingbird (1940). Ivo vanonyanya kuzivikanwa semuenzaniso wekushandisa kwake pachena kwechiratidzo. Mhungu ine spiked uye hummingbird isina upenyu inogona kunge yairatidza kurwadziwa kwaaiita.

Edvard Munch

Edvard Munch akaberekerwa muLoten, Hedmark, Norway muna 1863 uye akafira muOslo muna 1944. Ndiye mumwe wevanyori vane mukurumbira vemazuva ano uye anoonekwa sepiyona wekutungamira kwekutaura kwekupenda munguva yemazuva ano yemifananidzo. Iye anozivikanwa nokuda kwezvidzidzo zvake zvepfungwa uye nuances, izvo zvakakonzerwa zvakanyanya neXNUMXth-century chiratidzo. Basa rake rakakonzera zvikuru German Expressionism mukutanga kwezana remakore rechiXNUMX.

Muimbi Edvard Munch anozivikanwa kunze kwenyika yehunyanzvi zvakanyanya nependi yake "The Scream." Nekudaro, ichokwadi nhevedzano yemifananidzo yakasiyana inoratidza iyo yakafanana motif. Iyo Mhere (1893-1910) ine zvinyorwa zvina zvakasiyana mumavhezheni maviri akasiyana: oiri uye pastel.

Mufananidzo uyu unorwadza uye hauna hunhu, asi unonaka muruvara, uye unoratidzwa mune chiso chakajeka kwazvo chine manyawi akatarisana neruvara rweorenji. Mhere yakapendwa mushure mekunge Munch aenda kumba humwe husiku akatendeuka: kunyura kwezuva. akaona zvakamushamisa.

Nzira yekudzoka kwaMunch yakapfuura nepaimba yekuuraya uye chipatara chevanorwara nepfungwa, uko kwaigara hanzvadzi yemuimbi. Vepanguva iyoyo vakanyora kuti kuchema kwevarwere uye kuchema kwemhuka dzakafa kwakanga kusingatsungiririki. Iyo Mhere inofungidzirwa kuti yave rudzi rwechiporofita chehunyanzvi hwezana ramakore rechiXNUMX, rakazara nemafungiro ekusurukirwa, kupererwa, uye hope dzinotyisa.

Mufananidzo kana motif "Iyo Mhere" naEdvard Munch yakatorwa kakawanda, semuenzaniso zvakare ingangove yemasiki yeanozivikanwa "Scream" mafirimu akateedzana. Nekuda kweizvozvo, kune zvakare akasiyana zvinhu zvekutengesa izvo zvinonyanya kuzivikanwa nhasi kupfuura muimbi pachake.

Claude Monet

Renoir, Degas, Cezanne, Manet, Pissarro uye pamusoro pezvose Monet vari pakati pevanyori vane mukurumbira munyika. Monet's impressionistic artic style inopa zita rayo kune nyowani yehunyanzvi kufamba kwekutanga kwezana ramakore regumi nemapfumbamwe, iyo inonzi "Impressionism". Mamiriro echisikigo, ruvara uye maonerwo echiedza aigara ari pamberi mumabasa ake. Izvi zvakare zvakave nemhedzisiro pamaitiro ekupendiwa ependi uye kubata-kunge pendi application.

Claude Monet, anowanzo kunzi mumwe wevatangi veImpressionism, aive mupendi wechiFrench uye mumwe wemapiyona akajeka uye ane tarenda ebato reFrench Impressionist. Kutaura zvazviri, shoko chairo rokuti “impressionism” rakagamuchirwa pashure pokunge aratidza bhuku rinonzi Impression, zuva richibuda.

Monet inoonekwa semumiriri ane mukurumbira weImpressionism. Akazvipira kune iyi maitiro muhupenyu hwake hwose, apo mavara makuru ari chiedza uye ruvara, mitsetse inonyangarika uye mimvuri inogona kuva yebhuruu. Rouen Cathedral yake inoratidza kuti chinhu chinoshanduka sei kana ukachitarisa nemwaranzi yezuva. Cathedral inodedera, inogara mumwaranzi.

Monet akaedza zvakanyanya nemastroke kuti aratidze chimiro chayo uye maive mune izvi paakaona chokwadi. iyo inomiririra bindu muimba yenyanzvi yeFrance muGiverny, France. Iyi nhevedzano ndiyo yaive nhungamiro huru yebasa remugadziri wemakore makumi matatu ekupedzisira ehupenyu hwake.

Iwe unogona chaizvo kuona mifananidzo mizhinji, yakadai seyakakurumbira maruva emvura, kudya kwemangwanani munyika kana maonero eRouen Cathedral uri kure, apo ruvara rwemunhu rwunonongedza muziso rako mhedzisiro yemufananidzo. Akazvarwa muParis muna 1840 uye akafira muGiverny muna 1926.

Rene Magritte

René Magritte anga ari muBelgian surrealist pendi anozivikanwa nekushandisa zvinhu zvemumba kuratidza maonero ake anoyevedza epasirese. Aizivikanwawo nekugadzira mabasa anoita kuti muoni afunge, achivakurudzira kuti vasiyane nemafungiro ekare echokwadi.

Rimwe remabhuku ake ane mukurumbira anoomerera kumusimboti uyu rinonzi The Treachery of Images (928-1929), inova pombi inopfungaira ine mashoko okuti “Ceci n'est pas une pipe” (Iyi haisi pombi). Uye haisi pombi chaizvo nekuti inongova mufananidzo wayo. Iyi nzira nemaitiro ekuchinja zvatinoziva kuti ndezvechokwadi zvaive zvakajairika kumabasa ake ese uye mazano.

Edgar Degas

Edgar Degas (1834 - 1917) pakutanga akadzidza mutemo pakuda kwababa vake, asi gare gare akadzokera kurudo rwake rukuru: kupenda. Haana kudzidza kupenda mune imwe kosi yekupenda pachikoro chehunyanzvi, asi nekukopa mabasa makuru eLouvre.

Semutemo wakajairika, inoverengerwa sechikamu cheImpressionist art movement, asi iyi kupatsanurwa kunoramba kune gakava. Iyo haiteveri maitiro ese eichi ikozvino, asi inozvibvumira imwe avant-garde rusununguko. Mupendi anonyanya kuzivikanwa nemifananidzo yake uye mitambo yekutamba.

Pablo Picasso

"Haasi munhu wese anogona kupenda saPicasso" kutaura kunozivikanwa. Mupendi, akaberekerwa kuSpain, akaenda kuParis achiri jaya uye akatanga kufarira Fauvism kuburikidza nehukama hwake naMatisse. Izvi zvaireva kubviswa kwezvimiro zvakachena uye zvakasimba uye mavara. Basa rake rekutanga rakadaro, Les Demoiselles d'Avignon rine mukurumbira pasi rose nhasi. Pakutanga, kunyange shamwari dzake dzaisagona kunzwisisa zvakadzama revo yarwo.

Mutambi wekuSpain akararama hupenyu hwekusika, akazova mumwe wevapendi vane mukurumbira wezana ramakore rechiXNUMX. Haana kungopenda mifananidzo chete, asiwo muvezi, mudetembi, munyori wemitambo. Uye izvi zvese pamusoro pehuwandu hwemamwe mabasa.

Uyu ishe ane mukurumbira wevakadzi akave nemukurumbira kwete chete nekuda kwekuchinja nguva zhinji muses, asiwo nekuchinja kunogara kuchiitwa muhunyanzvi hwekuita. Pakutanga kwezana remakore rechiXNUMX, akasika mabasa akawanda mu "African style", apo panzvimbo yezviso akapenda masiki emadzinza ekunze, ipapo pakanga pane cubism, uyewo abstractionism uye surrealism.

Iyo yepamusoro yebasa rake inogona kunzi Guernica, yakatsaurirwa kuguta rakaparadzwa nehondo, chiratidzo chekutambudzika uye hutsinye. Aive Picasso akauya nepfungwa yekubatanidza chiso chakazara uye chimiro mumifananidzo, kupatsanura zvinhu kuita manhamba akareruka, achizviunza pamwechete mumhando dzinoshamisa.

Akachinja mamiriro ezvinhu ose ounyanzvi hwokugadzira zvinhu, achihupfumisa nepfungwa dzokumukira.” SaCézanne, akatanga kushandisa ruvara sechimiro (cubism), kusanganisira mumifananidzo yake inoorora yehondo yevagari vemo yeSpain muGuernica.

Muna 1970, basa rakashandiswa kuratidzira kupikisa Hondo yeVietnam uye, senjiva yerunyararo yaPicasso, yaakagadzirira World Peace Congress muParis muna 1949, yakasiya chiratidzo chekusingaperi. Mupendi anozivikanwa zvikuru aive nemukurumbira pasi rose munguva yehupenyu hwake, zvisinei haana kuwana kucherechedzwa kwepashure kwaaifanira.

Anders Zorn

Anders Zorn muvezi weSweden uye muvezi akaberekerwa muMora. Akadzidza paRoyal Swedish Academy of Arts muStockholm, Sweden, kubva muna 1875 kusvika muna 1880. Muna 1880, Anders Zorn akaratidza mufananidzo wemukomana aichema panguva yekuratidzira, iyo yakatanga basa rake uye yakatungamirira kumakomisheni akawanda. Akaenderera mberi nekunakidzwa nekubudirira kwenyika dzakawanda uye akazova mumwe wevanonyanya kuzivikanwa vanyori vemifananidzo venguva yake.

Mukutanga kwezana ramakore rechiXNUMX, kubudirira kwaAnders Zorn kwakakwikwidzana nekwevatambi vane mukurumbira zvikuru venguva yake, kusanganisira John Singer Sargent. Pakati pemamodheru ake pane vatungamiri vatatu veUS: Grover Cleveland, William Taft (mufananidzo uchiri muWhite House nhasi), uye pakupedzisira Theodore Roosevelt mune yakadhindwa fomu. Anders Zorn ane mukurumbira zvakare nemifananidzo yake isina kupfeka uye mifananidzo yakajeka yemvura.

Mamwe emabasa ake akakosha anogona kuonekwa muNational museum (National Museum of Fine Arts) muStockholm. Pakati pavo pane Danza de San Juan (1897), mutambo wevatambi muchiedza chemanheru chemhemberero yekumaruwa yeSaint John's Day. Ndicho chikonzero iye ari pakati pevanyori veAmerica vane mukurumbira.

Rembrandt Van Rijn

Rembrandt Harmenszoon van Rijn (1606 - 1669) muimbi wechiDutch wenguva yeBaroque. Basa rake muzana remakore rechiXNUMX rakawira munguva yeGolden Age muLow Countries. Akagadzira nyika yehunyanzvi kunyanya kuburikidza neakatevedzana ake ega-mifananidzo. Akanyanya kufemerwa nechiedza uye nerima pendi yeCaravaggio, anopa pendi yake yakasarudzika misiyano. Nekuda kwekusiyana-siyana kwake, anoonekwa zvakanyanya semutambi mukuru wekuona munhoroondo yehunyanzvi.

Kuita kwake kwakasiyana-siyana kwakamubvumira kupenda zvinhu zvose kubva kumamiriro ezvinhu nemifananidzo kusvika kune zvakaitika kare nezviitiko zvebhaibheri. Rimwe remabasa ake anozivikanwa, The Night Watch (1642), rave mu State Museum muAmsterdam. Iyo pendi ine hunhu hunokosha hunoita kuti huve pachena: ukuru hwayo, mutambo wekufamba wakajairika kwatiri mumufananidzo wemauto, uye kushandiswa kwechiedza uye mumvuri, umo mugadziri ane mukurumbira aive nehunyanzvi.

Rembrandt airatidza nyika sezvayaive, isina kushongedza kana varnish, asi akazviita mupfungwa. Muma canvasi aRembrandt mune rubvunzavaeni rwunobuda nhamba dzakavhenekerwa nemwenje wegoridhe. Yakanaka muhunhu hwayo, sezvinogona kuonekwa muvatambi vari mumufananidzo wake "Muroora wechiJudha".

Mamiriro emugadziri mukuru wechiDutch akafanana nechitubu: kubva pakusviba kuenda kuhupfumi uye mukurumbira, kungodonha uye kufa muurombo. Vanhu vomunguva yake vakanga vasingamunzwisisi; Rembrandt aimiririra manzwiro evanhu uye zvakaitika, izvo zvakanga zvisiri zvefashoni, zvisinei iye nhasi mumwe wevanyori vanozivikanwa munyika.

Leonardo da Vinci

Leonardo Da Vinci paanotumidzwa zita, mumwe anofunga zvakananga nezveMona Lisa. Nhasi zvichida ndiwo mufananidzo wakakurumbira munyika. Mudzimai ane kunyemwerera kusinganzwisisike, anonzi Lisa del Giocondo (mukadzi waGiocondo), anomutsa nhaurirano dzinodzokororwa uye anokurudzira fungidziro yevagadziri vemafirimu.

Nezvidzidzo zvake zveanatomical uye kudhirowa kwehunyanzvi hwezvombo, akakwanisa kukurudzira murume aive nesimba zvakanyanya wenguva yake, Duke Ludovico Sforza wekuMilan, uye kumukunda semutsigiri. Mapendi akadai seMhandara yematombo kana Mukadzi ane Ermine anoratidza zvaanofarira pakutarisisa vakadzi uye kubata kwake ruvara zvine hunyanzvi.

PaChirairo Chekupedzisira chete aifanira kunge akapenda papurasita yakanyorova. Mavara emurals angadai akajeka mushure mekuoma, asi zvakanyanya kugadzikana. Izvo zvakati, huchapupu hunoshamisa hwekushandisa kwake kwakanaka kwepakati maonero.

Leonardo da Vinci aiva muvezi, muvezi, nyanzvi yemasvomhu, uye muvambi akaitawo tsvakurudzo yezvivakwa, sainzi, mimhanzi, mainjiniya, nyeredzi, geology, nezvimwe zvakawanda. Ndicho chikonzero akagamuchira zita rokuti "Renaissance Man", sezvo aiva nezivo munenge munzvimbo dzose dzaiwanikwa panguva iyoyo.

Nekuda kwemifananidzo yake, kupenda kwenyika kwasvika padanho idzva remhando. Akatamira kune realism, kunzwisisa mitemo yemaonero uye kunzwisisa anatomical chimiro chemunhu. Akamiririra zviyero zvakakwana mumufananidzo "Vitruvian Man". Nhasi rinoonekwa sebasa reunyanzvi uye ibasa resainzi. Ari pakati pevanyori vane mukurumbira veRenaissance.

sandro botticelli

Sandro Di Mariano Filipepi, kana kuti anongonzi Botticelli, akanga ari mupendi wokuItaly akaberekwa muna 1445 ndokufa muna 1510. Botticelli pakutanga akanga ari gango rendarama, asi gare gare akadzidza kupenda mumasitudhiyo akasiyana-siyana evanyori veItaly.

Muna 1481 akagadzwa naPope Sixtus IV kuti ashongedze Sistine Chapel. Pamwe chete naCosimo Rosselli, Domenico Ghirlandaio naPerugino, Botticelli akazoumba nhoroondo yekupenda kweItaly. Mabasa ake achiri kuyemurwa nezviuru zvevashanyi zuva nezuva.

Joaquin Sorolla naBastida

Joaquín Sorolla y Bastida mupendi weSpanish, akaberekerwa muValencia, anomira pachena mukupenda mapikicha, pamwe nemamiriro ekunze kwenyika yake, kunyanya mahombekombe, ane chiedza uye kuvapo kwevanhu kunoita basa rakakosha. Rwendo rwekuParis muna 1894 rwakamuunza kusangana neImpressionist pendi yakaunza shanduko mumaitiro ake.

Mune yakajairika dhizaini yeSorolla, iyo tekinoroji dhizaini inozove yekufungidzira, uye inoratidzwa nekuvapo kwechimiro chemunhu, vana, vakadzi vakapfeka, pakatarisana nemhenderekedzo yegungwa kana mamiriro ekunze, uko kunoratidzira, mimvuri, kujeka, kusimba kweiyo. chiedza uye ruvara rwemufananidzo zvinoita basa rinokosha mukusimudzira zvidzidzo. Joaquín Sorolla inyanzvi inoshanda kwazvo, akapenda mifananidzo yakawanda yevaSpanish.

Maitiro ake anofadza uye ari nyore anomutendera kuti agamuchire zvikumbiro zvisingaperi, saka anonakidzwa nenzvimbo yakasununguka yemagariro. Mukurumbira wake wakayambuka miganhu yeSpain ndokupararira muEurope yose neUnited States, kwaakaratidzira kakawanda.

Pakatanga zana rino, Sorolla akazivikanwa semumwe wevapendi vane mukurumbira munyika dzekuMadokero, achitambira menduru dzegoridhe dzakawanda pazviratidziro zvakati wandei zvepasirese. Zvakawanda zvebasa rake zvinoratidzwa paSorolla Museum muMadrid uko kuratidzwa kwakatsaurirwa kwaari.

Andy Warhol

Andy Warhol aive mugadziri wemifananidzo wekuAmerica anozivikanwa zvakanyanya nemaitiro ake anonzi Pop Art. Mumabasa ake, akaongorora hukama huripo pakati peindasitiri yemafirimu inoyevedza, kushambadza, tsika dzakakurumbira, uye kutaura kwehunyanzvi. Warhol ari pamusoro pevatambi vane mukurumbira mutsika yeruzhinji.

Basa rake rinonyanya kuzivikanwa nderoCampbell's Soup Cans (1962), iyo ine zvidimbu makumi matatu nemaviri, imwe neimwe 32 centimita yakakwirira uye 51 masendimita yakafara. Chimwe nechimwe chezvinhu zvinogona kutorwa semufananidzo wakasiyana. Zvidimbu zvakasarudzika zvakaitwa pachishandiswa semi-otomatiki chidzitiro kudhinda, izvo zvakabatsira zvakanyanya mukuvandudzwa kweiyo pop art uye kusanganisa kwetsika yakakurumbira nehunyanzvi hwekuona sezvatinozviziva nhasi.

Andy Warhol akagadzira akawanda emabasa uye aive mumwe wevanotungamira tsika vatengesi kuma50s. Zvisinei, mukuziva kwevanhu vakawanda, anenge acharamba ari munyori wezvipfeko nezvinhu zvakadhindwa zvakafanana: mune imwe nguva, chinhu chakadaro chaiva gaba remuto wematomatisi, uye mune imwe, chiratidzo chepabonde chemakore XNUMX uye chiratidzo chenguva yepabonde yeHollywood, Marilyn Monroe.

Vincent van Gogh

Vincent Van Gogh mumwe wevanyori vane mukurumbira vane mukurumbira, zvinoshamisa, sezvo maitiro ake ekutaura uye emanzwiro ekupenda akawana kushingaira kushoma munguva yake. The Post-Impressionist's crude brushstrokes nekushandiswa kwependi yeimpasto, pamwe chete nesarudzo yake yemavara inogara ine mavara asi ichiri yakangwarira, zvakakosheswa zvakare nhasi uye zvinotengeswa padzimba dzekutengesa dzinodhura pasi rose.

Sarudzo yake yemamotif yakanga isingataridziki, fenicha, maruva, nzvimbo, uye kuwanda kwemifananidzo yake pachake. Zvisineyi, zvinonyanya kukonzerwa nekushambadzira kwevadi vemifananidzo vekuAmerica kuti anofarira mutsara wake weyero wesunflower, chiono chake cheCafe Terrace at Night, The Starry Night uye imba yake yekurara izvo zvinowanikwa pamaposter, mapositadhi nemaposter. .

Zvingave zviri mufananidzo wake unoratidza kana kusanzwisisika kwenzeve yake yakadimburwa uye kufa kunonzi kwakakonzerwa nekuedza kuzviuraya kwakakurukurwa zvakanyanya, zita rake riri pamusoro perondedzero yevanyori vane mukurumbira venguva dzese.

Pakutanga, mifananidzo yaVan Gogh yakanga yakaoma. Mavari, airatidza kunzwira varombo tsitsi. Uye hunyanzvi hwake hwekutanga hwaive basa rakadaro: "Vadyi veMbatatisi." Mariri tinoona vanhu vaneta nebasa rakaoma uye rinotyisa. Vaneta zvekuti ivo pachavo vakabva vaita sembatatisi. Van Gogh akanga asiri echokwadi uye awedzeredza maficha evanhu kuti abudise iwo musimboti.

Asi vataridzi vanoda Van Gogh nokuda kwechiedza chake uye mavara akajeka. Mifananidzo yake yakave yakaisvonaka mushure mokunge asangana neImpressionists, kubvira ipapo, akapenda mabhoti akawanda, minda yezhizha nemiti inotumbuka.

Hapana munhu asati Van Gogh akaratidza manzwiro ake uye manzwiro ake nerubatsiro rwemavara, asi shure kwake - vazhinji. Mushure mezvose, ndiye anonyanya kukurudzira wevose vanotaura. Zvinotoshamisa kuti mudzidzisi, uyo ari mukuora mwoyo kwakadzika, izvo zvichamuita kuti azviuraye kwemakore, akapenda basa rinofara se "Sunflowers".

The Starry Night (1889) nderimwe remabasa ake ane mukurumbira, akapendwa panguva yekugara kwake muchipatara chepfungwa muFrance. Inoratidza chitarisiko chefafitera chetaundi rengano, pamusoro paro panobuda zuva reyero rakajeka.

Iyi ndeimwe yemifananidzo inonyanya kuzivikanwa kwete munyika yeunyanzvi chete, asi munyika yose. Asi mukurumbira wechokwadi wakauya kumuimbi mushure mekufa kwake, mukupera kwema 1890. Iye zvino basa rake rinoonekwa seimwe yezvinodhura zvikuru munyika yose uye ari pakati pevanyori vane mukurumbira vane mukurumbira.

Jheronimus van Aken - Hieronymus Bosch

Mumwe wevanyori vekuNorthern Europe vanotungamira Renaissance ndiJheronimus van Aken, anozivikanwa muchiSpanish saEl Bosco. Chimiro chemufananidzo wake chinonyatso zivikanwa, zvisinei nekuti chete gumi nemaviri emuviri wese wemifananidzo yasara. Aive muimbi wechokwadi weRenaissance, ane mativi mazhinji uye azere nezviratidzo uye nengano.

Mifananidzo yake yakataura zvakawanda kune vakararama panguva yaBosch kupfuura vanhu vemuzana remakore rechiXNUMX, sezvo aishandisa zvakawanda zvebhaibheri neMiddle Ages folk motifs.Haufanire kunge uri mutsoropodzi kuti unzwisise kuti uyu mufananidzo weBosch.

Semuenzaniso, mubhuku raHieronymus Bosch rinonyanya kuzivikanwa, triptych "Garden of Earthly Delights," ine zvakawanda zvakawanda: inotsanangura zvitadzo zvinomwe zvinouraya, inobudiswa kakawanda, inotaura zvakadzama pamusoro pemarwadzo asingafadzi akamirira vatadzi ( pa kurudyi). Pano tenzi akatanga kutyisidzira vose vari vaviri varimi nechitendero chenguva iyoyo nezviono zvinodzvinyirira zvakanga zvakamirira pashure porufu.

Kuruboshwe hwindo rinoratidza kuwa kwaAdamu naEvha. Hafu yemunhu, hafu mutant, shiri huru nehove, zvinomera zvisati zvamboonekwa uye vazhinji vakashama vevatadzi. Zvose izvi zvinosanganiswa uye zvakabatanidzwa mumhando dzakawanda-nhamba. Kufemereka kwenhamba, nhamba huru yezvidiki uye fungidziro chaiyo yemunyori inosiya pasina mubvunzo kuti ndiani munyori wecanvas. Pasina mubvunzo mumwe wevanyori vakakurumbira venguva dzose.

Hakuna mumwe muimbi anoshandisa zvakawanda zvakadaro kutaura pfungwa. Mazano api? Hapana kuwirirana panyaya iyi. Vakapira dissertations nemabhuku kuEl Bosco, vakatsvaga kududzirwa kwevatambi vake, asi havana kusvika pamhedziso.

Asi Bosch akaumbwa muhupenyu hwake hwese. Uye pakuguma kwehupenyu hwake, mabasa makuru-akawanda, akawanda-nhamba akatsiviwa nekuswedera pedyo zvikuru kune vanhu. Saka dzaisakwana mufuremu. Izvi ndizvo zvinoonekwa muna Kristu neMuchinjikwa kumusana kwake. Zvisinei nekuti Bosch anoongorora mavara ake ari kure kana ari padhuze, meseji yake yakafanana. Anoratidza huipi hwevanhu uye nekuhuratidza anoedza kutibatsira kuponesa mweya yedu.

paul rubens

Mufananidzo weFlemish Pieter Paul Rubens (1577-1640) mumwe wevanyori vakuru venguva yake. Sezvo vapendi vakawanda vaida kumushandira, Rubens aiva neimwe yedzimba huru dzokupenda dzepanguva yake. Akapenda mifananidzo yakawanda uye mifananidzo yechitendero se "Kudzika kubva paMuchinjikwa" uye akakurudzira vamwe vanyori pasi rose. Anoonekwa se tenzi wependi yeFlemish Baroque uye akakodzera pakati pevanyori vane mukurumbira veNetherlands.

Raphael Sanzio

Mumiriri ane mukurumbira weRenaissance era anoshamisika nenziyo dzinoenderana uye nziyo. Kupenda vanhu vanoyevedza hakuna kuoma sekuvaisa nemazvo pajira. Apa ndipo apo Raphael aive virtuoso. Zvichida hapana mumwe mudzidzisi munyika akafurira vaanoshanda navo saRaphael.

Maitiro ako ekupenda anozoshandiswa zvisingaite. Vatambi vake vanodzungaira kubva kune rimwe zana kuenda kune rimwe uye vacharasikirwa nekukosha kwavo chete pakutanga kwezana ramakore rechiXNUMX. Muzera remazuva ano uye avant-garderekurangarira Raphael Sanzio, tinotanga kufunga nezveMadonna ake akanaka.

Munguva yehupenyu hwake hupfupi (makore makumi matatu nemasere), akasika mifananidzo makumi maviri nemufananidzo wake, izvi hazvina kuitika. Inonyanya kuzivikanwa ndeyeSistine Madonna (Madonna di San Sisto). Hationi mhandara yakaoma iconographic, asi amai vanyoro, vazere nekuremekedzwa uye kuchena kwemweya. Ngirozi dzine misikanzwa mufananidzo wakatendeka wokungoita somwana, uzere nerunako.

Basa raRaphael Sanzio rinodhura zvakanyanya raive rinoshamisa rakadhirowa "Musoro weMupostori Mudiki." Yakatengeswa kuSotheby's mamiriyoni makumi mana nemasere emadhora. Mupendi wekuItaly, anoyemurwa nevaakararama navo nekuda kwekupfava kwake uye hunhu hwake, haakoshi nhasi uye ndomumwe wevanyori vanokosheswa zvakanyanya.

Francisco Goya

Francisco de Goya (1746-1828) muimbi mukuru weSpanish wenguva yeRococo uye panguva imwecheteyo mumwe wemapiyona mumunda wemifananidzo yemazuva ano muEurope. Zvinozivikanwa kuti Goya akapenda Spain sezvazvaive panguva yake, sechapupu chechokwadi chemazuva ano. Madingindira ake aanofarira anomiririra akakosha ehondo nekusarongeka, pamwe nemifananidzo yehupenyu hwemazuva ese muSpain.

Goya akatanga basa rake nekushingaira kwehuduku uye mafungiro. Akatova mupendi kudare reSpain. Asi pasina nguva akabva atoguta nehupenyu ihwohwo, achiona kukara kwenyika, hupenzi, rusarura. Ingotarisa boka rake Mufananidzo weMhuri yehumambo, uko Goya asina kana kumboedza kupfavisa matauriro asina chinhu uye kuzvikudza kunosemesa kwemhuri yehumambo.

Goya akagadzira akawanda canvases anoratidza chinzvimbo chake chehurumende uye chevanhu. Uye nyika inomuziva pamusoro pezvose semuimbi ane ushingi, anoda chokwadi. Humbowo ingori basa risingadaviriki "Saturn achidya mwanakomana wake". Iyi iropa rinotonhora uye rakanyanya kutendeseka dudziro yengano. Iyi ndiyo nzira iyo Kronos anopenga aifanira kutarisa, uyo anotya kuti vanakomana vake vachamuparadza.

Giotto di Bondone

Giotto di Bondone, anoonekwa semumwe wevatenzi vekutanga pamberi peRenaissance, aive tarenda repasi rose: pendandi, mugadziri wezvivakwa uye muvezi. Mudzidzi weCimabue uye shamwari yaDante, anoyemurwa naMichelangelo, Giotto akabatsira kuvandudza chifananidzo chekunamata nekubva kure netsika yeByzantine. Kubatanidza kudzokera kuAntiquity, pfungwa yezvakasikwa uye yakawanikwa kubva pakupera kweMiddle Ages, hunyanzvi hwake hwakanangidzirwa kumunhu.

Giotto anonzi ndiye munyori wemafrescoes ane mukurumbira muUpper Church yeAssisi yakatsaurirwa kuhupenyu hwaSaint Francis, kunyangwe pasina gwaro rinoratidza. Iri zvakare pamavambo eimwe yeakanakisa kubudirira kweTrecento: iyo Scrovegni Chapel muPadua.

Unyanzvi hwaGiotto hunofananidzira kukunda kwefresco, nzira yakaramba iri mukudzoka kubva ku mosaic. Iyo yakanyatso kurongeka uye yakamira yeByzantine-style pendi inomira pachena. Giotto anovandudza nekumiririra mavara nehuchokwadi, kwete padanho reanatomical asi padanho rekunzwa. Chiono chake chehumwari hachisi chisinganzwisisike kana chemweya sechaFra Angelico, asi anotendeukira kumunhu uye kureruka kwehupenyu hwepanyika.

Gustave Courbet

Gustave Courbet aive muFrench realism pendi. Munguva yebasa rake, muimbi akaedza kumiririra nyika yenguva yake uye vepanguva yake uye akatosvika pakuputsa zvimiro uye kuvhundutsa vanhu.

Semuenzaniso, nebasa rake "The Origin of the World", iro rinoratidza genitalia yevakadzi uye zvino rave kuratidzwa kuMusée d'Orsay. Akakurumidza kusiya mabasa erudo uye akachinja nyika yehunyanzvi, kubva ipapo ave boka rakasarudzwa revapendi vane mukurumbira.

Salvador Dali

Salvador Dalí (kana kuti Salvador Domingo Felipe Jacinto Dalí i Domènech), anonyatsozivikanwa nokuda kwemaitiro ake ekupenda epfungwa, akaberekwa muna 1904 uye akafa muna 1989. Mutambi mukuru weSpain akanyengedza nyika yeunyanzvi munguva pfupi ndokuva mumiriri we surreal ikozvino. . Mifananidzo yake inoratidza zviroto zvakasiyana-siyana, imwe neimwe yakavhiringidzika kupfuura imwe. Dalí pasina mubvunzo mumwe wevanyori vane mukurumbira wezana ramakore rechiXNUMX.

Dalí anozivikanwa zvakanyanya nekuda kwehupenzi hwake hwekunaka. Hunyanzvi hwake hwaive hwekuwedzera kwake, asi achipihwa kutaura kwake kwechiSpanish uye rudo rwekutarisisa, akapembererwa zvakaenzana nekuda kwemaitiro ake eccentric. Basa rake rinonyanya kuzivikanwa nderokuti The Persistence of Memory (1931).

Imwe yekududzirwa kwechifananidzo ndeyekuti nguva inotanga sei kunyunguduka, kana munhu angorara. Paakabvunzwa kuti chii chaizvo chakafuridzira Salvador Dalí kuti apende mufananidzo uyu, akapindura kuti chimiro chewachi inonyunguduka chakafuridzirwa neCamembert cheese kunyunguduka muzuva.

Ivan Aivazovsky

Aivazovsky ane kodzero yakarongwa pakati pevanyori vanozivikanwa munyika. Yake "Ninth Wave" inoshamisa muchiyero chayo. Hukuru hwezvinhu, kushaya tariro. Vashomanene vachapukunyuka dutu vachakwanisa kupukunyuka here? Zuva remangwanani nemwaranzi yaro inodziya rinoita serinopa tariro isina kujeka.Aivazovsky anogona kunzi anonyanya kukosha mupendi wemugungwa wenguva dzese.

Hapana akapenda chimiro chechinhu chemugungwa nenzira dzakasiyana siyana, hapana akaratidzira hondo zhinji dzegungwa uye kuputsika kwechikepe. Panguva imwecheteyo, Aivazovsky aivewo mugadziri wemafirimu, achinyatsotsanangura midziyo yechikepe. Uye kurota kuduku, chaizvoizvo, nechinangwa, iyo Ninth Wave yakanyorwa zvisizvo: mugungwa rakashama, mafungu haatombokotama seapron. Asi nokuda kwemutambo wakawedzerwa, Aivazovsky akamupenda seizvi.

Henri anobva kuToulouse-Lautrec

Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec, akaberekerwa kumaodzanyemba kweFrance muna 1864 uye akafa muna 1901 aine makore 36 chete, inyanzvi huru yakaumba hupenyu muParis pakupera kwezana ramakore rechiXNUMX. Mupendi uye mutambi wemifananidzo anogara munzvimbo ine mukurumbira yeParisian yeMontmartre, dunhu rehunyanzvi reguta guru reFrance par excellence. Hupenyu hwezuva nezuva muParis zvakare ndeimwe yeanonyanya kufarirwa motifs, ingave Parisian cabaret kana dzvuku-chiedza dunhu maratidziro akatenderedza Moulin Rouge.

Marc Chagal

Marc Chagall akaberekerwa muBelarus muna 1887 pasi pezita rokuti Moïche Zakharovich Shagalov, asi akagamuchira chizvarwa cheFrance muna 1937. Akafira muna 1985. Chagall haanyatsoenderana nemaitiro ezana remakore rechiXNUMX, asi anoshandisa zvinhu zve surrealism uye primitivism. Nhasi, Marc Chagall chikamu chezviratidziro zvakawanda zvevapendi vakuru vezana ramakore rechiXNUMX.

Paul Klee

Muimbi ane mukurumbira Paul Ernst Klee akaberekerwa muCanton yeBern muna 1879 uye akafa muna 1940 muchikamu chinotaura chiItalian cheSwitzerland, muTicino. Baba vake vaiva German uye amai vake Swiss. Mupendi uye graphic artist haana kungogadzira zvakanyanya mukati memazuva ake ekugadzira, asiwo akasiyana zvakanyanya muunyanzvi hwake nekudhirowa.

Saka mabasa ake anogona kugoverwa kune akasiyana zvachose maitiro eunyanzvi: kutaura, constructivism, cubism, primitivism uye surrealism. Nenzira, Paul Klee aiva shamwari yaWassily Kandinsky uye saiye, Klee akadzidzisa kuBauhaus muWeimar kubva ku1921 uye gare gare muDessau. Pashure pokunge vaNazi vatora simba, akadzingwa ndokudzokera kuBern.

Wassily Kandinsky

Pakati pevanyori vane mukurumbira vanofanira kutaurwa ndiWassily Kandinsky. Akaberekerwa muMoscow muna 1866 uye akafira muNeuilly-sur-Seine France muna 1944. Pamwe chete nevamwe vanyori vane mukurumbira vakadai saPaul Klee naFranz Marc akanga ari chikamu cheboka re "Blauer Reiter" revanyanzvi, uye vakanga vatovamba pamwe chete. naFranz Marc, sekupikisa-kufamba kana kunobva kuNeue Künstlervereinigung München, (New Munich Artists Association).

Manyorerwo ake, saka, anogona kupihwa kune expressionism. Aivewo mumwe wemapiyona eabstract art pamwe chete nevamwe vanyori vane mukurumbira. Sezvatotaurwa, akashandawo semudzidzisi kuBauhaus muWeimar uye zvakare muDessau, uko iye naPaul Klee vaive mumwe wevagari veBauhaus Vadzidzisi Dzimba. Mushure mekunge National Socialists yakavhara Bauhaus (1933), Kandinsky akatamira kuFrance nemudzimai wake.

Eugène Delacroix

Mupendi wechiFrench Eugène Delacroix akaona chiedza muna 1798 ndokufa muna 1863. Akanyanya kupesvedzera rudo rwemuzana remakore rechiXNUMX. Pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, nyika yeFrance yakaraira mupendi kuti aite akawanda mapikicha, asi akapihwawo mabasa ekuvaka nekushongedza. Mufananidzo wake "Rusununguko Unotungamirira Vanhu" ndeimwe yeakakurumbira munhoroondo yeFrance uye ikozvino inogona kuyemurwa muLouvre muParis.

Jackson Pollock

Jackson Pollock aive mupende weAmerica uye mutungamiri weabstract impressionism. Ari pakati pevanyori vane mukurumbira nekuda kwemaitiro ake asina kujairika ekudhirowa kwekupenda, umo pendi inodirwa kana kudonhedzerwa pacanvas. Pollock aizivikanwa nekupindwa muropa nedoro, izvo zvakakonzera mutsaona yemotokari yakatora hupenyu hwake muna 1956.

Imwe yemifananidzo yake yakakurumbira, nhamba 5, 1948, ndeimwe yemifananidzo inodhura zvikuru pasi rose. Jackson Pollock akaratidza kutonga kukuru uye chirango chesimbi munzira yake yakashata. Iyo pendi ikozvino inozivikanwa zviri nani nezita rekuti "Shiri Nest", nekuda kwemavara grey, brown, yero, chena, convoluted nemumwe.

Gustav Klimt

Aive muAustria Symbolist pendi ainyanya kuzivikanwa nebasa rake rekunyanyisa eroticism, akasiyana murals, sketches, uye achiri hupenyu. Pamusoro pekuratidza muviri wechikadzi, Klimt akapendawo nzvimbo nezviitiko, pamwe zvakakanganiswa nehunyanzvi hweJapan.

Rimwe remabasa ake ane mukurumbira ndiThe Kiss, rimwe remabasa makuru ezera rake regoridhe. Iyi nguva yebasa rake yaizivikanwa nekushandisa kwake kunoshamisa kwematoni egoridhe mumifananidzo yake yaishamisa, kazhinji achishandisa shizha regoridhe chairo.

Kazimir Malevich

Sezvineiwo, mukurumbira Russian muimbi anogona kunzi Kazimir Malevich. Pasinei nekuti chikoro cheRussia chekupenda chakapa hunyanzvi hwemazita akawanda (Repin, Aivazovsky, Vereshchagin nevamwe vazhinji) mundangariro yevaoni vakawanda, munhu mumwe chete akaramba ari mugadziri wependi yekare kupfuura mutsivi wetsika dzake achive. mumwe wevanyori vane mukurumbira wepakati yake.

Kazimir Malevich ndiye muvambi weSuprematism, zvinoreva, neimwe nzira, baba vezvese zvemazuva ano. Basa rake Black Square rakaratidzwa muna 1915 uye rakava purogiramu. Asi Malevich haasi mumwe wevanyori vane mukurumbira kwete nekuda kweBlack Square chete: akashanda semugadziri wekugadzira pamitambo inotyisa yeMeyerhold, akatungamira dhizaini muVitebsk, apo mumwe muimbi mukuru, Marc Chagall, akatanga basa.

Jean-François Mapira

Basa remupendi wechiFrench Jean-François Millet chikamu chesangano rechokwadi. Zvidhori zvake nemachira zvinoratidza hupenyu hwemazuva ese, kunyanya zviono zvekumaruwa kubva kuNorthern Europe. Mamiriro ake ehurombo anofanomufungira kuti aratidze hupenyu hwekumaruwa senzira yehupenyu hwepasirese uye kugadzirisa vanhu. Inoratidza varimi vekuFrance vachipenya hukuru hwemukati.

Mifananidzo yake, inofungidzirwa zvisiri izvo senzvimbo yezvematongerwo enyika inomiririra vanhu, inongoratidzira ruzivo rwake uye kushamwaridzana kwake nenyika yekumaruwa.Kufarira kwemupendi muvanhuwo zvavo kuchafadza vanyori vakaita saPissarro, Monet naVan Gogh.

Manyorerwo ake, kunyanya mwenje wake, sitiroko yakasimba, uye kufanotungamira kwepastel, zvakapesvedzera zvakanyanya Impressionism. Jean-François Millet aigara muurombo uye airarama nekupenda mifananidzo. Mwanakomana wake nemuzukuru ndivo vagadziri venzvimbo.

John muimbi sargent

John Singer Sargent akazvisimbisa semumwe wevatambi vemifananidzo vakakura vekuAmerica venguva yake, anozivikanwawo seane chipo chekupenda nzvimbo uye watercolourist. Sargent akaberekerwa muFlorence, Italy, kuvabereki veAmerica uye akadzidza muItaly neGermany, ipapo muParis, pasi pesimba remufananidzo wemufananidzo Emile Auguste Carolus-Duran, ane simba richava rinokosha. Ari pedyo nevatambi vakuru venguva yakadai saClaude Monet kana Paul Helleu.

Mukutanga kwezana ramakore, John Singer Sargent aive mufananidzo wevatongi nekirasi yepamusoro muEurope neUnited States of America. Mapikicha ake, ekunyepa kwechokwadi, anodzoreredza chimiro chenzanga. Mifananidzo yaSargent inomiririra zvakanyanya inoratidza humwe uye hunhu hwevaanotonga. Maitiro ake anoratidzirwa nekufanana kwehushasha izvo zvinoshamisa kunyange vamwe vevashori vake.

Muna 1907 akazivisa kuti aizorega kutora mifananidzo uye akabva anyanya kufunga nezvenzvimbo nezviitiko zvehupenyu hwemauto munguva yeHondo Yenyika Yekutanga. Munguva yebasa rake akagadzira akatenderedza mazana mapfumbamwe emacanvases uye anopfuura zviuru zviviri zvemavara emvura, pamwe neasingaverengeki sketches uye mifananidzo.

Heano mamwe malink aunofarira:


Iva wekutanga kutaura

Siya yako yekutaura

Your kero e havazobvumirwi ichibudiswa. Raida minda anozivikanwa ne *

*

*

  1. Inotarisira iyo data: Actualidad Blog
  2. Chinangwa cheiyo data: Kudzora SPAM, manejimendi manejimendi.
  3. Legitimation: Kubvuma kwako
  4. Kutaurirana kwedata
  5. Dhata yekuchengetedza: Dhatabhesi inobatwa neOccentus Networks (EU)
  6. Kodzero: Panguva ipi neipi iwe unogona kudzora, kupora uye kudzima ruzivo rwako