Kuti unzwisise zviri nani kuti sei Colombian tsika uye ndeapi mapoka emagariro, tinokukumbira kuti ushanyire chinyorwa ichi chinonakidza, mune ino chinyorwa iwe uchakwanisa kuzvizivisa iwe nezve yakakura sei tsika yeColombian, mumatunhu ayo ese.
Colombian tsika
Nemusanganiswa wakarukwa wakagara nhaka kubva kutsika dzakasiyana, tsika yeColombia yakagadzira chiziviso chakanyatsotsanangurwa. Kutanga kubva kwakasiyana pre-Columbian budiriro dzakadai seMuiscas, Tayronas, Quimbayas neZenúes.
Nekusanganiswa kwebudiriro yeSpain neAfrica, mhedzisiro yaive nzanga ine hunhu hwakafanana kune dzimwe nyika dzese dzeLatin America, asi paine musiyano wakakura.
Nekudaro, mukati menharaunda yeColombia pachayo kune misiyano yedunhu. Semuenzaniso, iyo cachacos yemakomo eCundiboyacense, iyo paisas yeAntioquia, iyo llaneros yemapani ekumabvazuva, iyo Valle del Cauca del Valle del Cauca.
Huwandu hwemahombekombe emahombekombe eCaribbean uye vagari vemuSantander mudhipatimendi reSantander. Ese aya mapoka akasiyana anoita kuti Colombia ive nyika inonakidza ine tsika dzakasiyana.
Nenzira iyi, musanganiswa uyu wese parizvino unoratidzwa munhevedzano yekutaura senge zvivakwa, mimhanzi, hunyanzvi, mabhuku, pakati pezvimwe. Inomira pachena nekuve nehunhu hwakakosha hwakadai saGabriel García Márquez, Fernando Botero, Juan Pablo Montoya, Carlos Valderrama, Juanes, Shakira, Sofía Vergara.
Nekune rimwe divi, hupfumi hweColombia hwakanyanya kubva pazvikamu zvekutanga zvekugadzira sekurima, kofi uye zvipfuyo. Kutorwa seyechina hupfumi muLatin America.
Nhoroondo nhoroondo yeColombian tsika
Nguva pfupi kusati kwasvika kwekukunda, vagari vemo vaizivikanwa nekugadzira zvishongo zvakanakisisa muSouth America.
Sezvo Alonso de Ojeda, muna 1499, paakatsika pamhenderekedzo yeColombia, vakundi vakaratidza kufarira pfuma yeko. Saka, ngano dzakaita sedzeEl Dorado dzakamuka, dzakazopedzisira dzava dhamu reGuatavita, uko vaAborigine mutsika dzavo vaikanda zvipiriso zvendarama.
Kutanga muna 1525, kukunda kwaiva kuwana maguta, kuparadzira chiKaturike, uye kuita kuti pave nemapoka evanhu. Makore gare gare, chaizvo muna 1810, Colombia yakawana rusununguko kubva pakutonga kweSpain, nerubatsiro rwemutungamiri weVenezuelan Simón Bolívar.
Gare gare, nhambo yehondo yavagari vemo yakatevera pakati pavaRusununguko, avo vakadzivirira kuparadzaniswa kwamasimba masimba, navaConservative, vaitsigira mubatanidzwa weChechi yeKaturike neHurumende. Zviitiko zvakatanga nguva inonzi La Violencia, pakati pa1948 na1958.
Aya maitiro ezvakaitika kare aisanganisira kubatana kwemarudzi akasiyana uye tsika akaumba tsika dzeColombia kusvika nhasi.
Sangano reColombia tsika
Kubva pakuona kwevanhu, tsika yeColombia inoumbwa nemapoka emarudzi akawanda, izvo zvinoita kuti vanhu vemestizo vaonekwe. Kunyange zvazvo mutauro wepamutemo uri chiSpanish, kune mitauro 65 yeko.
Chimwe chimiro ndechekuti 90% yevagari veColombia vanoti chitendero cheCatholic, izvo zvinoratidza kuti mitambo yakawanda yeColombia ine chirevo chechitendero. Iyo Colombian inoratidzirwa nekuvhurika, mufaro, kutarisisa, kugamuchira vaeni uye kushanda nesimba uye inogara ichida nguva yekudzidza nekuenderera mberi nekudzidziswa.
Ivo zvakare vakanyanya kugadzira uye vanopinda vanhu, nekuti vanoti ivo vanokurudzirwa, saka vanogara vachifunga nezve zvakabatanidzwa mabhenefiti. Pasinei nenharaunda iripo, nhabvu uye mhemberero yecarnival chimwe chinhu chinovabatanidza. Kune matatu makirasi emagariro muColombian tsika: yepamusoro, yepakati uye yakaderera, iyo iri pasi pemari yemhuri.
Administrative yezvematongerwo enyika sangano reColombian tsika
Panguva ino, Colombia yakarongwa mumatunhu kuita 32 madhipatimendi, 1 guta guru, 2 maindasitiri uye chiteshi matunhu, 2 vashanyi uye tsika matunhu, 2 vashanyi, tsika uye nhoroondo matunhu uye akati wandei akasarudzika nzvimbo dzechivanhu.
Hurumende inoratidzwa nevimbiso yehutongi hwejekerere kune vagari vayo, haina kubatana, yakaganhurwa, ine democracy, yakawanda uye inobatanidzwa.
Iva nehurongwa hwekutonga hunoumbwa nemutungamiri wenyika nemutevedzeri wemutungamiri, akasarudzwa kwemakore mana aine mukana wekusarudzwa patsva.
Sistimu yemitemo inoumbwa neCongress uye matare edzimhosva anoumbwa neDare Repamusorosoro reJustice, State Congress, Dare reConstitutional Court, Superior Council of the Judiciary, Military Criminal Justice, Hofisi Yegweta Guru, matare nematare. Magavhuna nemameya vanosarudzwa nesarudzo yakananga mudunhu rega rega.
Chitendero chetsika dzeColombia
Sezvataurwa pamusoro apa, ruzhinji rwevagari veColombia ndevechiKatorike, nemapoka madiki anotevera zvimwe zvitendero. Tichifunga nezvegwara renhau, chiKaturike chaive chitendero chepamutemo cheColombia, chimwe chinhu chakachinja neBumbiro reMitemo ra1991.
Uko rudzi rwacho rwakatsaurwa senyika, ichipa vimbiso dzorusununguko rwokunamata. Kunyange zvakadaro, Chechi yeKaturike yakaramba iine ropafadzo pamusoro pezvimwe zvitendero, izvo zvakakonzera kusawirirana. Kunyaradza midzimu, muna 2016, 4th yaChikunguru yakaziviswa seZuva Renyika Rerusununguko Rwechitendero uye Kunamata.
Vamwe vagari vemo chikamu chenzanga dzezvitendero dzakadai seevhangeri, Zvapupu zvaJehovha, maMormon, maBhudha, maIslamist, maJuda. Chimwe chinhu chinowanikwa mumutauro weColombia ndiko kuvapo kwengano kubva panguva dzekoloni, dzakapfuudzwa kubva kuchizvarwa kusvika kune chimwe chizvarwa, zvakadai seanima solo, chiedza chetsoka, carrao, mukadzi anochema, gumbo. kuridza muridzo chete.
Matunhu makuru eColombia tsika
Iine matunhu matanhatu echisikigo ane mamiriro ekunze uye topographic akasiyana, iwo anomiririra heterogeneous Colombian tsika. Pakati pavo, maviri makuru anogona kusiyaniswa:
Andean
Kuve iyo nzvimbo inogarwa zvakanyanya muColombia, inosanganisira madhipatimendi eAntioquia, Caldas, Risaralda, Quindío, Valle del Cauca, Tolima, Santander, Norte de Santander, Cesar, Cundinamarca, Boyacá, Huila neNariño.
Mamwe ematunhu etsika dzeColombia mudunhu rino anosanganisira: Paisa, Santandereano, Cundiboyacense, Vallecaucano, Opita, Pastuso, Cachacos.
Dunhu reAndean rine ivhu rinobereka zvakanyanya pakurima, uye kunyange oiri, emerald nezvimwe zvicherwa zviri kushandiswa. Maguta akanyanya kukosha ndeaya:
Bogota (guta guru).
Guta guru reColombia, nderedhipatimendi reCundinamarca, inzvimbo yezveuropiyo yezvematongerwo enyika, hupfumi, indasitiri, hunyanzvi, mitambo uye kushanya. Iri iguta rinopa chiitiko chikuru chetsika, kunze kwechikafu chikafu checachacos santafereño ajiaco, uye ine mukurumbira kofi tsvuku.
Medellín
Iyo inoumba guta guru reAntioquia, rinobatanidza mataurirwo echinyakare ePaisa tsika. Avo vanozvikudza gastronomically ne paisa dish. Ndiro rimwe remaguta ekare muAmerica, guta guru reValle del Cauca, rinozivikanwa neyakajairwa mupunga atoll dish.
Caribbean
Iri kuchamhembe kweColombia, padyo neGungwa reCaribbean. Inoumbwa nemadhipatimendi eAntioquia, Atlántico, Bolívar, Cesar, Córdoba, La Guajira, Magdalena uye Sucre.
Iwo maindasitiri, kutengeserana, emari, chiteshi, zvekurima, zvipfuyo, zvicherwa, uye vashanyi zviitiko zvinomira pachena, pamwe netiweki yemataundi, ayo anotevera anobuda pachena:
Barranquilla (Yakakosha Dunhu reIndasitiri nePort).
Ndiro guta guru reAtlantic, uko kunopembererwa mutambo wakanyanya kukosha wetsika yeColombia: ma carnivals eBarranquilla.
Cartagena de Indias (mushanyi uye dunhu retsika).
Ndiro guta guru reBolívar, iguta rinochengetedza nhaka yeSpanish yekuvakisa uye madziro ane nhoroondo pamahombekombe aro.
Mamwe matunhu eColombia tsika
Mamwe matunhu anoumba dunhu reColombia tsika ndeaya:
Amazon
Ndiyo nzvimbo hombe uye ine vanhu vashoma, ine madhipatimendi akadai seAmazonas, Putumayo, Caquetá, Guainía, Guaviare neVaupés.
Imo mabasa ekurima, kutema matanda nezvimwe zvisiri pamutemo sekurima kwecoca kugadzira cocaine. Chikafu chakakurumbira chinogadzirwa neturtle zai.
Insular
Inosanganisira zvitsuwa zveSan Andrés uye Providencia muGungwa reCaribbean, pamwe neMalpelo neGorgona muPacific Ocean. Nzvimbo yevashanyi ine imwe yemahotera makuru munyika, inoratidzira mhemberero dzeAfro-Caribbean dzakadai semutambo wegakanje uye ndiro dzehove.
orinoquia
Iri kumabvazuva kwenyika, inoumba nzvimbo yakati sandara inoumbwa nemadhipatimendi eArauca, Casanare, Meta neVichada. Iye anozvarwa ipapo akazvipira kupfuya mombe, inoratidzwa nemapfekero avo, liquiliqui uye mamona sechikafu chikafu.
Runyararo
Yakaiswa pamupendero wekumadokero, inoumbwa nemadhipatimendi eChocó, Valle del Cauca, Cauca neNariño, uko guta reBuenaventura rinoumba yakasarudzika maindasitiri uye chiteshi dunhu, ine kuvhurwa kwekutengeserana paPacific Ocean. Basa rehupfumi rinobva mumaindasitiri ekuredza, migodhi, zvipfuyo nekurima.
Kuratidzwa kwetsika dzeColombia
Mataurirwo akasiyana echiColombia tsika achatsanangurwa anosanganisira:
Crafts
Zvigadzirwa zvema subcultures akasiyana-siyana zvinomira pachena, semuenzaniso, vagari vemo vanoita vueltiao hat, paisas vanoita mabhasikiti akarukwa.
Kune rumwe rutivi, Gold Museum, muguta reBogotá, inogara muunganidzwa wemari yegoridhe, pamwe chete nemabasa ematanda, maceramics, machira nematombo akagadzirwa nemadzinza asati atanga Columbian.
Kupenda
Mutambi ane mukurumbira ndiFernando Botero, ane mabasa anogona kuonekwa muBotero Museum muBogotá. David Manzur naOmar Rayo vanozivikanwawo panguva ino.
Architecture
Iine pesvedzero yeSpanish yenguva yekoloni uye zvivakwa zvemazuva ano, zvivakwa zvakaita seMedellín Cathedral, iyo yekolonial yeCartagena kana Barichara, Medellín Sports Arenas, Santuario Nuestra Señora del Carmen uye Parque Explora zvakasanganiswa mumaguta.
Literature
Gabriel García Márquez, munyori webhuku rinonzi One Hundred Years of Solitude, pakati pevamwe, ari munhu akatanhamara zvikurusa mutsika yeColombia munharaunda iyi, akagamuchira Mubayiro weNobel weMabhuku muna 1982.
mumhanzi
Kune akawanda emhando dzemimhanzi muColombian tsika zvichienderana nedunhu rega. Inonyanya kuzivikanwa ndeye vallenato, cumbia uye joropo. Mumakore achangopfuura, Colombian pop genre yakawana mukurumbira wenyika dzakawanda, Shakira ndiye muimbi akabudirira zvikuru munhoroondo yeLatin music.
Ngatitaurei zvishoma nezvematunhu
Nzvimbo yeCaribbean: Iyo Colombian Caribbean inotora madhipatimendi eAtlántico, Bolívar, Cesar, Córdoba, La Guajira, Magdalena, San Andrés uye Providencia, uye Sucre. "Mataundi emahombekombe", sezvavanodanwa pakati pevagari vechikamu ichi chenyika, vanozivikanwa nekufara kwavo, ushamwari hwavo uye matauriro avo.
Kunyange zvazvo akakamurwa kuva madhipatimendi masere, maguta ari mumhenderekedzo yegungwa anoramba achizivikanwa, akabatanidzwa neGungwa reCaribbean. Saizvozvo, dunhu iri renyika rine vanhu vakakosha veko vakaita seArhuacos, iri muSierra Nevada de Santa Marta, uye Wayúu, muLa Guajira.
Kune chikamu chavo, tsika dzeColombia dzinotsanangurwawo nemimhanzi yavo. Semuenzaniso, rhythms akakosha akaonekwa mudunhu reCaribbean akakwanisa kuzvimisa pasirese.
Pakati pavo, Vallenato, imwe yemhando dzinomiririra mimhanzi yedunhu nenyika. Rhythm iyi yakazvarwa mudhipatimendi reCésar yakaziviswa neUNESCO senhaka isingabatike yetsika yevanhu. Uye zvakare, kune mamwe akasarudzika emhando senge champeta, porro, cumbia uye zvimwe zvakawanda.
Mhemberero dzayo dzakadai seBarranquilla Carnival, imwe yevamiriri vemahombekombe, inewo kukosha kukuru. Saizvozvo, kune Vallenata Legend Mutambo, Mutambo weFrancisco el Hombre, Mutambo weIndependence, Mutambo waNdira 20, pakati pevamwe. Huya utore nhaka yetsika dzeColombia dzinofamba nemuColombia!
Nzvimbo yePacific: Nzvimbo yeColombian Pacific yakakamurwa kuita madhipatimendi mana: Chocó, Valle del Cauca, Cauca neNariño. Iyi dunhu renyika rinozivikanwa nekuratidzwa kwetsika, sekutamba kwaro kwakakurumbira uye kurira kunobva muvanhu vemuAfrica. Pamusoro pezvo, nzvimbo iyi ine Pacific Ocean inogeza vanhu vakati wandei.
Kune rumwe rutivi, hupfumi hwetsika hwenharaunda iyi yenyika hunoshamisa chaizvo. Zviitiko zvaro zvikuru zvetsika zviri mumaguta eTumaco, Buenaventura uye Quibdó, nharaunda umo maAfrica, zvizvarwa zvechiSpanish zvakagadziridzwa.
Uyezve, zvinonzi tsika dzakawanda netsika dzevanhu vokuPacific dzakabva mupesvedzero idzi.
Mimhanzi yeSouth Pacific inosiyaniswa neruzha rwunobva kune zviridzwa zvakaita semarimbas, cununos, ngoma, mabhesi, guasás uye violin. Zvese zvinhu izvi chibereko chenhaka yeAfrica uye yezvizvarwa, European uye Afro mubatanidzwa.
Zvakadai, mhanzi iyi yave chombo chekurwisa mhirizhonga yakaitwa nemadhumeni akawanda mudunhu rino renyika. Uye, panguva imwe cheteyo, inzira yokuchengeta tsika dzemadzitateguru avo dziri mhenyu.
Saizvozvo, chimwe chezviitiko zvinounza pamwe chete zvakakwirira zveiyi mimhanzi yakakurumbira ndiyo Petronio Álvarez Festival. Ndicho chimwe chezviitiko zvakakosha zvikuru munharaunda uyewo munyika.
Pamwe chete neizvi, kune zvimwe zvakaita seCurrulao Mutambo, Pacific Coast Folk Festival, uye Black and White Carnival. Iyo yekupedzisira ndeimwe yakakura uye yakakosha kumaodzanyemba kweColombia.
Nzvimbo yeAndean: Iyi nharaunda ine imwe yedzakanyanya kukosha tsika dzeColombia. Madhipatimendi anoumba nharaunda iyi ndeaya: Antioquia, Boyacá, Caldas, Cundinamarca, Huila, Norte de Santander, Quindío, Risaralda, Santander uye Tolima.
Mumwe nomumwe wavo ane maitiro ake. Semuenzaniso, paisa imwe yetsika dzinonyanya kuzivisa nyika kunze. Iyo inozivikanwa kune yayo gastronomy, tsika dzayo dzevarimi nemitambo yayo. Pakati pavo pane Feria de las Flores, chiitiko chinomiririra yakanakisa tsika yemuleteer.
Kune zvakare mukadzi weTolimense, akaremerwa neyakanakidza gastronomy, matambiro ake echinyakare, mimhanzi yake uye, hongu, mitambo yake. Pakati pavo pane Colombian Folk Festival uye Colombian National Music Festival. Uye, muHuila, mutambo wevanhu uye hutongi hwenyika hweBambuco hunopembererwa.
Mukuwedzera, kune tsika yeCundiboyacense, iyo inounza pamwe chete tsika dzevanhu veCundinamarca neBoyaca. Izvi zvinosiyaniswa, senge zvakapfuura, ne gastronomy yayo, mafaera ayo, mitambo yayo, matambiro ayo uye mimhanzi yayo.
Zvose izvi zvetsika zvakazvarwa kubva kuvanhu veko uye tsika dzevarombo. Iyo yekupedzisira yakanyanya kupesvedzera mimhanzi, ichipa kusimuka kwemhando dzakadai secarranga.
Pakupedzisira, tsika yeSantander zvakare yakasiyana uye inofadza. Inokwevera kutarisisa kune yayo yakajairwa ndiro nemitambo yakadai seSantander International Festival. Mukuwedzera, kune maitiro ayo emhando dzakadai sebambuco, tourbillon uye guabina.
Nzvimbo yeOrinoquía: Yakakamurwa pakati pemadhipatimendi eArauca, Meta, Casanare uye Vichada. Munharaunda iyi, tsika yellanera inotonga, iyo ine hupfumi husingaenzaniswi.
Hunhu hwayo hukuru matambiro ayo akadai sejoropo nemimhanzi yaro inosanganisira zviridzwa zvakajairika semaraca nembira. Zviitiko zvakaita seInternational Joropo Tournament, muVillavicencio, vanozvarwa kubva mukurira kwavo nekutamba.
Mukuwedzera, mallaneros ane chikafu chinobva panyama. Munyika ino zvinokwanisika kuyedza zvidyo zvinoyevedza senge veal a la llanera, capybara, beech nezvimwe.
Shanyira mapani uye udzidze nezveimwe yetsika uye inonakidza yeColombia tsika!
Nzvimbo yeAmazon: Ndiyo imwe yenzvimbo dzakakura uye dzakapfuma muzviwanikwa zvedunhu renyika. Nzvimbo iyi inosanganisira madhipatimendi eAmazonas, Caquetá, Guainía, Guaviare, Putumayo neVaupés.
Kusiyana nedzimwe tsika dzeColombia, iyi inoumbwa pamusoro pezvese zviitiko zvechinyakare uye tsika dzenharaunda dzedunhu.
Tsika netsika dzevanhu veColombian Amazon zvakabatana nenyaya dzavo, zvitendero zvemadzitateguru avo uye nharaunda yavo yechisikigo. Pamusoro pezvo, vakakwanisa kuchengetedza hunhu hwavo hwakasiyana nekuda kwekuzviparadzanisa nevamwe kwedunhu iri renyika.
Zvinonzi 60% yenzvimbo iyi ndeyekuchengetera masisitimu uye nzvimbo dzemuno. Nokuda kwechikonzero ichi, dzave nzvimbo dzakachengetedzwa dzinotsvaga kuchengetedza tsika dzemadzitateguru aya.
Kune chikamu chavo, kuratidzwa kwetsika dzevanhu veko veColombian Amazon vanozivikanwa nemitambo yavo, matambiro uye nziyo. Idzi ndedzengano-yemweya inoitika pane dzimwe nguva. Semuenzaniso, mamwe anoshandiswa pamichato, kuzvara, kuzvara, mitambo yemariro, tsika dzehutano, pakati pezvimwe.
Nenzira yakafanana, zhinji dzenziyo dzavo namadhanzi anoitirwa kuratidza mirangariro uye kupa kutenda kuna Amai Pasi. Mamwe emashoko ounyanzvi aya anosanganisira ruzha rwezvakasikwa, zvakadai sokurira kweshiri uye zviridzwa zvinogadzirwa nemango.
Kana zviri zvezvitendero zvavo, ava vanhu vemadzitateguru vane tsika yaitaurwa nemuromo yakapfuma mungano nengano dzine chokuita nesango nezvinoitika zvomusikirwo. Usapotsa tsika iyi inoshamisa, kushanyira iyo Colombian Amazon!
Nzvimbo yechitsuwa: Iyi nharaunda inoshamisa yenyika inotenderedza zvitsuwa zvakatarisana nePacific Ocean uye boka regungwa reCaribbean Sea. Iyo insular dunhu inoumbwa nechitsuwa cheSan Andrés, Providencia neSanta Catalina. Uye iyo Pacific inoumbwa nezvitsuwa zveMalpelo neGorgona.
Tsika dzevagari vepazvitsuwa dzacho dzakasiyana-siyana. Imwe yeanonyanya kushamisa ndeye chitsuwa cheSan Andrés uye Providencia. Nzvimbo iyi ine hutsika husingaenzaniswi nekuda kwekutama kwevaSpanish, Chirungu, Dutch neAfrica.
Nechikonzero ichi, vagari vepachitsuwa vane mutauro wavo unozivikanwa se'Creole', unova mugumisiro wehukama pakati pemitauro yeWest Africa neChirungu.
Saizvozvo, musanganiswa uyu wakakanganisa mimhanzi, zvivakwa, chikafu, nezvimwe. Pasina kupokana, tsika dzeColombia dzakasiya nhaka yakakosha. Shinga kuvawana!
Kana iwe wakaona ichi chinyorwa cheColombian Tsika chinonakidza, tinokukoka iwe kuti unakirwe nezvimwe izvi: