Kuburikidza neichi positi tinokuunzira iwe kuburikidza nechinyorwa ichi chakanakisa the Spanish baroque pendi, maitiro, marudzi uye zvimwe zvakawanda pamusoro pemhando iyi yeunyanzvi yakaitwa munguva yezana remakore rechiXNUMX nehafu yekutanga yezana remakore rechiXNUMX, tichifunga kuti ndiyo nguva yegoridhe yekupenda kweSpain. Usarega kuiverenga!
Chii chinonzi Spanish Baroque Painting?
Spanish baroque pendi inomira pachena nekuda kwekuwanda kwerunako uye rwakabatanidzwa runako neMannerist deformation, ichibvumira iyo rondedzero yechokwadi pasina kurasikirwa kwekushongedza zvinoenderana nezvinodiwa nekereke inopikisa.
Zvinotora gore ra1610 mhando dzechisikigo dzemuimbi Caravaggio wekuItaly mavambo, pamwe chete nemwenje wetenebrist, uchitarisa chimiro chikuru cheSpanish baroque pendi yechikamu chekutanga chezana ramakore rechi 1603, zvino kusvika kwaRubens kwakakosha pakati pemakore. 1628 uye XNUMX.
Kwaanoratidza masaisai makuru ekufambiswa kwemabasa ake pamwe chete neayo evadzidzi vake, pesvedzero iyi yakashata nekuda kwehunhu hwaTitian nehunyanzvi hwake hwemabhurashi husina kusimba hunofanana neumwe wevamiriri vakuru veSpanish baroque pendi saVelázquez. .
Kufurira kweFlemish kurongeka kunosanganiswa muSpanish Baroque kupenda nekuda kwemhepo itsva dzinobva kurudzi rweItaly zvine ruremekedzo kune nyanzvi nyanzvi muunyanzvi hwefresco dzakadai saColonna naMitelli mugore ra1658 uyezve Luca Giordano mugore ra1692. .
Kunyangwe panguva iyi dambudziko rakakura rakaburitswa iro rakakanganisa nyika yeSpain nekuda kwekutama kwenhamba huru yevagari kuenda kukondinendi itsva pamwe nekufa kwakakonzerwa nehondo dzakawanda uye kudzingwa kweMoor kubva kurudzi rweSpain.
Pamusoro pekusiyana-siyana kwedenda uye denda rakakanganisa huwandu hwevanhu veSpain zvisinei nekutenderera kwese uku, iGolden Age muSpanish Baroque pendi nekuda kwemabasa akawanda emhando yepamusoro uye yepakutanga yemifananidzo yekutanga mitsara yavakaita.
Hunhu hunhu hweSpanish baroque pendi
Nechinangwa chekuti iwe unogona kutsvaga nenzira inoshanda iyo inomiririra hunhu hweSpanish Baroque pendi, isu tichatsanangura zvakadzama muchikamu chino zvese zvine chekuita neiyi nyaya inonakidza.
Maererano neVatengi uye Vatengi
Mutengi mukuru aive chechi, iyo yakakumbira nhamba huru yemabasa ehunyanzvi ekushongedza matembere ezvitendero akawanda uye yaida nhamba huru yemabasa kubva kune maartist.
Kuratidza kukosha kwekupenda kweSpanish Baroque mukugadzirisa kwekereke vachishandisa art sechombo mukufarira Chechi yeKatorike.
Nekuda kwavo, vanyori vaishandira dzidziso iyi havana kukwanisa kutaura hunyanzvi hwakadaro sezvo vaifanira kutevedzera zvaidiwa nechitendero mukusarudza zvidzidzo zvekupenda.
Pamusoro pezvo, chechi yaida kuti mamodheru acho aitwe uye atarisirwe kana basa reunyanzvi rekupenda kweSpanish Baroque raienderana nezvavaitarisira.
Kunyange zvazvo vapendi vaishandira Chechi yeKaturike vakafarikanya mari yakaisvonaka yezvemari pamwe chete nomukurumbira wakaisvonaka nomukurumbira kupfurikidza nokuita kuti kuratidzirwa kwamabasa avo kuve pachena.
Mumwe mutengi aive vaCortes, kunyanya kutonga kwaFelipe IV, kwaaive ari mubatsiri.
“… Pano ndinozvipira kudhirowa, sezvandinoita kwose kwose… Ndakagadzira mufananidzo weEquestrian weHumambo Hwake unomufadza zvikuru. Ichokwadi kuti kudhirowa kunomufadza. ”…
"... sekuona kwangu muchinda uyu akapiwa hunhu hwakanakisa, ndinotoonana naye... pandinogara mumuzinda anouya kuzondiona anenge mazuva ose..."
Mumwe wemienzaniso yeSpanish baroque pendi kushongedzwa kwePalacio del Buen Retiro itsva, iyo yakabvumira kuwedzera kwemabasa ehunyanzvi ekushongedza kweSalón de los Reinos uko kunoonekwa mifananidzo yakanaka kwazvo.
Mifananidzo yeEquestrian yakagadzirwa naVelázquez inoratidzika pamwe chete nemifananidzo yakasiyana-siyana yeunyanzvi yehondo dzakakundwa nemauto aFelipe IV, pamwe chete nekutenderera kunoreva The Labors of Hercules yakagadzirwa naZurbarán.
Muguta reRome, maartist akati wandei akakumbirwa, pakati pavo Claudio de Lorraine naNicolas Poussin vanomira vakatanhamara maererano nenzvimbo dzakatevedzana dzinocherechedzwa nhamba dzeGarari yeNyika.
Saizvozvowo, maartist Giovanni Lanfranco, Domenichino nevamwe maartist vakapihwa basa rekuita mifananidzo inodarika makumi matatu nemana maererano nenhoroondo yeRoma muguta reNaples, pakati payo The Combat of Women by José de Ribera inomira pachena.
Kurambidzwa kwekuendesa mabasa eunyanzvi kune mamwe madzimambo ehumambo kwakaitwa uye nekuda kwekukurumidza kweOlivares kupedzisa kushongedza, mabasa kubva kune vateresi aifanira kuwanikwa kuti asvike huwandu hwe800 mabasa aifanira kurembera pamadziro ezvivakwa izvi.
Pakati pevatengesi veaya mabasa eunyanzvi paive nemunyori wemifananidzo Velázquez uyo muna 1634 akatengesa mambo basa rehunyanzvi La Tunica de José neLa Fragua de Vulcano raakapenda murudzi rweItaly, rinova basa rinomiririra Spanish Baroque pendi.
Akatengesawo mamwe mabasa, pakati pavo mamwe, akadai sekopi yeDanae yakagadzirwa naTitian, pamwe chete nenzvimbo ina, mwari anofananidzira anoshanda kune achiri hupenyu uye mamwe maviri emifananidzo mabasa ane chekuita nemaruva.
Mushure meizvi, zvaidiwa kushongedza Torre de la Parada uko kwakaiswa nhamba huru yemabasa emumiriri eSpanish Baroque pendi, iri nhamba yemifananidzo makumi matanhatu nenhatu ine ngano motifs iyo yakatumirwa muna 1636 kubva kumuenzi Rubens.
Mupendi uyu ndiye aitungamira kupa madhizaini uye akatonga kuurayiwa kwemifananidzo gumi nemana zvine chekuita nemamiriro ekunze pamwe nemaonero aireva nzvimbo chaidzo dzakagadzirwa nenyanzvi dzechiSpanish dzakaita saFélix Castelo, José Leonardo.
Pamusoro paVelásquez, uyo akapawo mabasa ane chekuita neAesop neMenippus, pamwe nemufananidzo weMars, uchive mumwe wemienzaniso mikuru yeSpanish Baroque pendi.
Iyo Alcázar yakagamuchirawo nhamba huru yemabasa matsva aireva Spanish Baroque pendi, achiratidza kuyemura madingindira ayo uye kumwe kuratidzira kwakatoitwa zviri pamutemo, sezvakaitika muna 1638.
Kubva muguta reRoma, mifananidzo yemifananidzo The Bacchanal of the Andrios uye The Offering of Venus akatamiswa, ari mabasa maviri anoyemurwa zvikuru nenyanzvi Titian. Nhamba huru yekuratidzira yakaitwa pakati pevanyori veguta.
Pamusoro pezvo, kurongeka patsva kwemari kwaidiwa pakati pevatambi vaitora chikamu, Velázquez, mumiriri mukuru weSpanish Baroque pendi, akaiswa pamberi pezvimiro zvekunaka.
Nokudaro, pasi peimba yamambo ine iyo inonzi Titian Vaults, uko makumi matatu nemasere emifananidzo akabatanidzwa.
Pamusoro pedetembo rakakumbirwa naFelipe II kubva kuna Titi pachake pamwe chete neThe Bacchanal nemamwe mabasa eunyanzvi emavambo eVenetian akadai saThe Three Graces naRubens, Eva nemuimbi Dürer.
Mamwe mabasa eRibera akadai seanozivikanwa eJordaens kuwedzera kuTintoretto uko vanhukadzi vanomira pachena, vachinyanya kutaura nezve mushwi uye nechinangwa chekukwanisa kupedzisa iyi nhevedzano yemifananidzo, Velázquez aifanira kutamira kurudzi rweItaly muna 1648.
Nekurongeka kwekutenga zvivezwa uye kuhaya nyanzvi yakatsaurirwa kukupenda kwefresco, Angelo Michele Colonna naAgostino Mitelli vakamira pane izvi.
Basa rakaenderera mberi paAlcázar uye muna 1649 Francisco Camilo akatumwa nenhevedzano yezviitiko zvinozivikanwa seOvid's Metamorphosis, izvo zvaisada mambo.
Zvakare zvinocherechedzwa muSpanish Baroque pendi ndeyezvishongedzo zvechimiro zvichireva nezvemitambo yemitambo, sezvinoonekwa muBuen Retiro, uye mazviri maive makaitwa mainjiniya akaberekerwa kuItaly Baccio del Bianco naCome Lotti.
Vaya vaitungamirira kuunza chikwata mukuwedzera kumitambo yeTuscan alterations, kuva mutungamiriri weimba yehumambo Francisco Rizi, nhasi mifananidzo ine chokuita nemaketeni yakachengetedzwa.
Mamwe maartist akatorawo chikamu, akadai saJosé de Cieza akaberekerwa kuGranada, aive mupendi wemaonero uye nekuda kweizvi akawana zita raanoshuvira rePainter waMambo.
MuSpanish Baroque pendi, zvishongedzo zveephemeral zvine chekuita nekukunda arches nemafacade ane zvinangwa zvemafaro zvinomira pachena, izvo zvakatsigirwa neCity Council kana nemasangano ehungwaru, yaive imwe nzira yekuwana mari kune maartist.
Asi mumhando iyi yemabasa zvakaonekwa kuti vaive vehurongwa husina kunaka asi havana kurega kumiririra Spanish baroque pendi, pakati pavo zvinyorwa muMadrid yeMariana yekuAustria zvinomira pachena, aive mukadzi wechipiri waFelipe IV.
Pamusoro pevakadzi vaviri vaCarlos II, ari María Luisa de Orleans naMaría de Neoburgo, uko maartist ehunyanzvi hwekuyamura vakapinda, vakaita saClaudio Coello.
Nezve mutengi munzvimbo yakavanzika, maererano neSpanish Baroque pendi, zvishoma zvinogona kutaurwa, nekuda kweiyo data shoma iripo, zvinokwanisika kutaura zvakananga nezvevanokudzwa vaifarira kushongedza dzimba dzavo dzepachivande.
Kunyange zvazvo dzimwe nhengo dzevakuru vepamusoro vaiva pedyo namambo avo vaitungamirira kuita mabasa munzvimbo dzeItaly pamwe neFlanders vaiva nemukana wekuva vakwereti vezviunganidzo zvakakura zvemabasa eunyanzvi.
Muenzaniso weizvi unogona kuonekwa nevamiriri veNaples vakawana mabasa eSpanish baroque pendi naRibera, ipapo Alonso Cano uyo akazova mukweretesi wemabasa naOlivares, ari vatsigiri vepakutanga maererano nekuunganidzwa kwemabasa muEurope.
Mumwe wevaongorori veSpanish Baroque pendi anonzi Carducho anoti paive nevaunganidzi makumi maviri ekukosha kukuru muSpain panguva iyoyo, vakadai saMarquis weLeganés akanzwa kukwezvwa kwakasimba kuFlemish pendi.
Zvinogoneka zvakare kutaura nezveJuan Alfonso Enríquez de Cabrera aive Admiral weCastile uye akagamuchira kubva kuna amai vake Vittoria Colonna nhamba huru yemabasa echitendero uko mabasa ekutanga uye mamwe makopi eRubens, Correggio, Tintoretto naTitian aive pachena.
Vazhinji vekirasi yepamusoro vaifarira mabasa nevanyori vekune dzimwe nyika, izvo zvaireva kuti basa raiitwa neCreole artists kubva kuSpain rakaderedzwa.
Kunyangwe zvinofanirwa kucherechedzwa kuti mabasa mazhinji aive asina siginicha yemunyori wavo uye paakatakurwa akange asiri emugadziri ega asi kopi isina kuchena, senge nyaya yeMarquis del Carpio, muunganidzwa wake wakatenderera zvidimbu zviuru zviviri. .
Pakati peaya mabasa, Venus of the Mirror rakanyorwa naVelázquez, nyanzvi yependi yeSpanish Baroque, yakatanhamara.Paivawo nemabasa evamwe vanyori vakadai saAngelo Nardi naJuan van del Hamen.
Mukuwedzera, mumabhuku ake maivawo nemabasa echipiri-chechipiri akadai saGabriel Terrazas, Juan de Toledo uye kunyange makopi evatambi vakuru vakadai saRubens, Velázquez, Tiziano akaitwa neunyanzvi hukuru naJuan Bautista Martínez del Mallet.
Nezvekuunganidzwa kwakange kwawanikwa neDukes veBenavente, mabasa ane chekuita neFlemish neItalian pendi akaonekwa, kunyangwe iyo yakawanda yekuunganidza yaive nemabasa eSpanish Baroque pendi naMurillo, anenge makumi mana emifananidzo.
Mumwe muunganidzwa werunako rwakatanhamara waive waAdmiral Juan Gaspar Enríquez de Cabrera uyo aive mudziviriri waJuan Alfaro nehurongwa hwemari yake yekuvaka museum.
Iyi mifananidzo yakagovaniswa mumakamuri akasiyana-siyana aitaura nezvemarudzi, pamwe chete nehupenyu huchiripo uye mamiriro egungwa. Saizvozvo, mabasa makuru evatenzi vane simba anoonekwa, ndizvo zvakaita Rafael, Rubens, Ribera, Pedro de Orrente naBassano.
Imwe neimwe muimbi ane chidimbu chake chakatsanangurwa zvakare anoratidza muSpanish baroque pendi yeChiroto cheKnight of Pereda pamwe nemabasa evamwe maartist akadai saCarreño naAntolinez.
Zvishoma zvinozivikanwa kana mune mamwe makirasi emagariro zvaigoneka kuziva kana vaifarira kuunganidza mabasa ane chekuita neSpanish Baroque pendi, kunyangwe kuve nemifananidzo yemifananidzo sechikamu cheimba trousseau yaive yakajairika.
Zvinoenderana nerekodhi yeToledan yezvinyorwa zvehafu yechipiri yezana ramakore rechi XNUMX izvo zvakachengetedzwa izvozvi, zvinokwanisika kutaura nezvemhando yemifananidzo yaichengetwa mudzimba dzemamwe mapoka emagariro umo mazhinji ari emisoro hunhu hwechitendero.
Artists uye kufunga kwavo munharaunda
Izvo zvakakosha kuratidza kutariswa kushoma kwemagariro kwakapihwa maartist sezvo vaiona kutengeserana uku sechinhu mechanika uye zvakangove kusvika muzana ramakore reXNUMXth ndipo pavakazivikanwa.
Zvakanaka, muzana remakore rapfuura vakanga vasingatarisirwi, ndiyo nyaya yekuedza kwakaoma kweVelázquez kuti apiwe muChirongwa cheSantiago kuti atsvake kuremekedzwa munharaunda.
Zvakakosha kuziva kuti tsika yekutanga basa iri mudiki yaisafarira kudzidziswa kwehungwaru, uye vashoma maartist vane hanya nekuwana dzidziso yetsika.
Pakati pezvisizvo zvemutemo uyu, Francisco Pacheco anomira pachena muSpanish baroque pendi, aive mudzidzisi waVelázquez uye akaita pfungwa yekuzvikomberedza nevakangwara vaairamba vachitaurirana navo kuburikidza netsamba.
Mumwe aive Diego Valentín Díaz muguta reValladolid kwaaive neraibhurari yaive nemazana mashanu nemakumi manomwe nematanhatu (576).
Paiva nevanyori vakanga vasingagoni kuverenga zvachose, ndizvo zvakaitika kuna Antonio de Pereda uyo, maererano naPalomino, akanga asingazivi kuverenga kana kunyora, asi aifarira kuverengerwa nemabhuku anotaura nezvetsika dzevanhu vose.
Maererano neKanzuru yeTrent, chechi yakanga ichitarisira kudzika mitemo mitsva ine chokuita netsika iyo yakanga ichida zvikuru.
Pakati pavo, kupfeka mushutu kwairambidzwa, saka zvinyorwa zvakawanda pamusoro pekuchena zvakadhindwa, zvichiramba chiito chekupenda.
Zvinocherechedzwa kuti panguva iyoyo yenhoroondo yokudhirowa kwe<em>baroque yeSpain, kumwe kusimira kwakashandiswa kumiririra Evha naAdhamu pamwe chete nevamwe vafiri kutendeka vatsvene, uyewo mumachechi aiva mumatare, nhamba huru yevasina kupfeka yakaonekwa mumabasa ounyanzvi.
Nechikonzero ichi, Fray Juan De Rojas y Auxa akakurudzira kuvhara mabasa ehunyanzvi aya nemavheiri apo vakadzi vaive pamberi peiyi pendi.
Naizvozvo, taboo iyi ine chekuita nekushama kwaipesvedzera mabasa evamwe vaimbi, vakadai saFrancisco Pacheco, avo vakayambira maartist kuti vangotevedzera misoro nemaoko emamodheru uye vaite zvakasara pamberi pezvidhindo kana zviumbwa.
Kunyangwe pakati pezana ramakore rechigumi nemanomwe mazhinji academies ehunyanzvi akakurudzira kudzidza kwehunyanzvi kuburikidza nemuenzaniso mhenyu mune dzakawanda zviitiko zvechirume.
Muenzaniso weizvi unogona kuratidzwa muNheyo dzeKudzidza Iyo Noble Art yePainting mugore ra1693 rakagadzirwa naJosé García Hidalgo.
Mhando dzakasiyana muSpanish Baroque Painting
Musiyano mukuru wemhando dzinomiririra dzeSpanish Baroque pendi yakaonekwa muunyanzvi uye mune ino chinyorwa chinonakidza tichatsanangura chimwe nechimwe chazvo, chiri chinotevera:
mufananidzo wechitendero
Zvinoenderana nemazwi aFrancisco Pacheco nezve pendi yechitendero, imhando inomiririra yeSpanish Baroque pendi uye inotaura zvinotevera:
"... chinangwa chikuru chekupenda chaiva chekunyengetedza vanhu kuti vave vatsvene uye kuvatungamirira kuna Mwari ..."
Saka iwe unogona humbowo hwechokwadi chimiro cheSpanish baroque pendi zvine chekuita nendima yechitendero muhafu yekutanga yezana ramakore reXNUMX.
Mamiriro ezvinhu emusikirwo akakurumidza kugamuchirwa, saka mugadziri wacho anonzwa akatendeka kuchitendero kana chiri chikamu cheidi rokuti anotora mumabasa ounyanzvi.
Nzvimbo yerukudzo rukuru rwependi yeSpanish Baroque ndiyo yaive hombe yeatari yenzvimbo tsvene dzechitendero, kunyangwe mumaatari madiki mabasa akaiswawo mumachapel nemanaves eparutivi.
Muenzaniso weiyi iatari yeEl Escorial, iyo yakakamurwa kuva migwagwa nemitumbi nenzira yakavhenganiswa, uko Spanish Baroque kupenda nemifananidzo zvinogona kuonekwa.
Zvino, muhafu yechipiri yezana ramakore rechi XNUMX, kuiswa kwezvimedu zveatari hombe kunoonekwa, zvichibvisa zviratidziro zvakasiyana-siyana kuti zvitarise panzvimbo yepakati, iri nguva yenhoroondo yekupenda kwechitendero uye pakupera kwezana remakore inongoiswa kune imwe nzvimbo. attic.
Muviri mukuru weatari inogadzirwa nematanda akavezwa, iri nhanho huru yeSpanish Baroque pendi uye nekuda kwesimba remuItaly Luca Giordano aive murudzi rweSpain, kupendwa kwefrescoes kwakatanga mumakamuri etembere dzechitendero.
Naizvozvo, Spanish Baroque pendi inoita inomiririra yemitambo yekukunda, senge Apotheosis yeSan Hermenegildo naFrancisco de Herrera, anozivikanwa zviri nani saEl Mozo.
Mumwe muenzaniso weSpanish baroque pendi munzvimbo yechitendero, saSaint Augustine, yakabudiswa naClaudio Coello.Mabhuku aya ava muPrado Museum.Mumabhuku aya, nziyo dzinocherechedzwa apo mitsetse yediagonal inotonga uye izere nesimba guru.
Mifananidzo yevatsvene inocherechedzwa muSpanish baroque pendi, kunyanya iyo yekuzvipira kukuru muChechi yeKatorike yehukuru hwakasiyana uye dzokororo yaiwanzoitika mumusangano mumwechete pakati pevatsvene vanodiwa ndeaya anotevera:
- Teresa Mutsvene waJesu
- Saint Ignatius waLoyola
- kutendeuka
- San Pedro
- magdharini
- Mutsvene Jerome
- The rudo
- Kupa zvipo
- Mutsvene Johane waMwari
- Mutsvene Elisabeth wekuHungary
- Vakafira kutenda (zvapupu zvechitendero cheKaturike)
Panyaya yechitendero cheMhandara nechitendero chaSaint Joseph, icho chakasimudzirwa nekuda kwemazwi aSaint Teresa waJesu, zvichiwedzera kapoka apo chechi yePurotesitendi yakarwa nekutenda kweCatholic.
Kuve mifananidzo inomiririra yeSpanish baroque pendi, pakati payo La Inmaculada inomira pachena mudunhu reSpanish, chikuru kuwana mabasa aya vaive madzimambo anopokana mukudzivirira dzidziso yaive isati yafungwa naPope.
Nekuda kweizvi, mifananidzo yehunyanzvi inoreva nezveYukaristiya yakagadzirwa muSpanish Baroque pendi, sezvinoonekwa nekuda kwemuimbi Claudio Coello mubasa rake rehunyanzvi Adoration of Sacred Form iro riri muEl Escorial.
Kubva pane zvinocherechedzwa kuti mufananidzo weSpain Baroque wakashandiswa kunangana nemirangariro yechitendero chePurotesitendi, muenzaniso weizvi ndiko Kudya Kwemanheru Kwokupedzisira uko kutsaurwa kweYukaristiya kunokurudzirwa.
Saizvozvowo, zvishamiso zvaKristu zvakaratidza mabasa akasiyana-siyana engoni, sezvinogona kuonekwa mumutsara wemifananidzo yakagadzirwa naMurillo weChipatara de la Caridad muSeville, zvichiratidza kukosha kukuru muSpanish Baroque pendi.
Zvakakosha kuburitsa pachena kuti mifananidzo mishoma yemadimikira yeTestamende Yekare inocherechedzwa, sezvo paive nekusachengetedzwa kwekuverenga uku kune vakatendeka vechitendero cheCatholic uye misoro inotorwa pekutanga inoreva kuuya kwaKristu kana fananidzo kwavari. .
Sezvakaita nyaya yeChibayiro chaIsaka apo chirevo chinozviratidza kubva mukushuva kwaKristu uye chinomiririrwa nekutenda kuSpanish baroque pendi.
The Profane Genre
Iwe unofanirwa kuziva kuti muSpanish Baroque pendi pakanga paine mamwe marudzi, kunyangwe iwo anonyanya kuzivikanwa anoenderana nemadingindira echitendero.
Sezvo chechi yaive mutengi wake mukuru uye mari yakabhadharwa yaifadza zvikuru kune vaimbi vesangano reunyanzvi iri.
Saka isu tinogona kutaura nezve mamwe marudzi muSpanish Baroque pendi senge mapikicha uye achiri hupenyu. Kunyangwe kubvira 1599 kutaura kunoreva kupendi hupenyu kwave kuwanikwa mumagwaro.
Humwe hunhu hwevaSpanish vakaomesesa vachiri hupenyu hunopokana nematafura ekicheni anoshamisira ekwakabva Flemish uye ndezvekutenda kune muimbi Sánchez Cotán kuti inotsanangurwa semhando inoumbwa nezvinyorwa zviri nyore apo nhamba dzejometri, mitsara yakaoma uye kupenya kwakaipa. dzinoshandiswa.
Ndiko kwakava kubudirira kweiyi rudzi rwehunyanzvi rweSpanish Baroque pendi iyo vamwe vanyori vakamutsigira muchimiro ichi chekupenda chakazova chikamu chematare ehumambo, vari vanotevera vanyori vane mukurumbira mukuru:
- Philip Ramirez
- Alexander weLoarte
- Francisco Burgos Mantilla
- Juan van der Hamen naLeon
- Francis Barrier
- Juan Fernandez anonyanya kuzivikanwa seLabrador
- Anthony Ponce
- Juan de Espinosa
- Francisco Palacios
Chikoro cheSevillian chakabatsirawo kuumba hunhu hwemhando yehupenyu huchiripo, Velázquez naZurbarán vari ivo vamiriri vakuru veSpanish Baroque pendi. Zvakakosha kusimbisa kuti hupenyu uhwu huchiri husina kusununguka kubva kunharaunda yeItaly pamwe neFlemish. .
Rudzi rwevaSpanish vachiri hupenyu hwakachinja pakati pezana ramakore rechigumi nenomwe apo, nekuda kwesimba reFlemish, mifananidzo yaimiririrwa yainyanya kushamisira uye yakaoma kupfuura yekutanga, kusimukira mukuumbwa kunoonekwa nenzira yemitambo ine dimikira. content.
Muenzaniso weiyi fomu yeSpanish baroque pendi inogona kuonekwa mumaruva akapendwa naJuan de Arellano uye kunyange mubasa reunyanzvi rinonzi Vanitas nenyanzvi Antonio de Pereda uye mumwe muimbi mukuru Valdés Leal.
Kurudziro yekune dzimwe nyika inocherechedzwa nekuti iyi genre yevaSpanish ichiri hupenyu yakaumbwa muusterity uye kudzikama kwemafomu ayo anoshanduka neFlemish neItaly pesvedzero.
Kunyange zvazvo Velázquez akazvipira nguva uye kutarisa kuSpanish achiri hupenyu, akawana varimi vashoma uye akarambidzwa naCarducho.Mamwe mabasa aLoarte nemamwe mapendi eunyanzvi anonzi Puga anogona kutaurwa.
Pakati pezana ramakore rechigumi nemanomwe Murillo akaita chinomiririra chevana vanopemha vachiratidzira hupenyu hwemumugwagwa munzvimbo yeSpanish baroque pendi, kutanga rudzi rwemifananidzo nenzira iri kure nevakuru veEurope.
Muchimiro ichi cheSpanish Baroque pendi, pesvedzero yechiGiriki inosanganiswa, saka rudzi urwu rwunosanganisa midzi yarwo nechikoro cheItaly cheTitian pamwe nependi yeSpanish-Flemish inomiririrwa nenyanzvi Antonio Moro naSánchez Coello.
Inoratidza kuumbwa kwakapfava nekushongedzwa kushoma asi izvo zvinotitendera kuona zviitiko zvevanhu zvevamiriri vayo, zvichipa ruremekedzo kumufananidzo, mukupikisa kupokana nekugadzirisa, nhamba dzemukurumbira mukuru hazvifanirwe kutorwa mumifananidzo.
Zvakanaka, mwana wemumugwagwa anogona kufananidzirwa samambo wenyika maererano nerudzi rwechifananidzo cheSpanish baroque pendi, muenzaniso wakakodzera weiyi basa rehunyanzvi ndiEl pie varo inozivikanwawo sekuti patizambo yakaitwa naJosé de Ribera mugore. 1642.
Humwe hunhu hunomira zvakanyanya muSpanish Baroque pendi zvine ruremekedzo rwemhando yemifananidzo ndeye kuomarara kwayo kana ichienzaniswa nezvimwe zvikoro, nekuti inomiririra mweya wezviumbwa zvevanhu zvakatorwa pacanvas.
Imwe pfungwa yekusavimba uye kuora mwoyo inocherechedzwa pamberi peiyo hupenyu hunobata kubva kune yakasarudzika maitiro panguva yekutora maficha eiyo modhi kure kure neiyo classicism iyo vazhinji ve theoretician venguva ino vakadzivirira.
Humwe hunhu hwekupokana-shanduko ndiko kutungamira kweiyo chaiyo kupesana neiyo ingave yakanaka, uye ndiyo mhando yemufananidzo weSpanish Baroque pendi.
Kubatanidza muzana remakore rechiXNUMX nemabasa eunyanzvi eVelázquez pamwe chete nemabasa anotaura nezvemifananidzo yaRibera, Zurbarán, Juan Ribalta, unhu uhwu hwakachengetwa mumabasa eunyanzvi eGoya.
Nezve rudzi rwemufananidzo muSpanish Baroque pendi, kune mashoma mabasa ane hukama nengano kana nhoroondo ndima uye iyi mienzaniso yave iri chikamu chekuunganidza.
Maererano nezana remakore rechiXNUMX, kusimuka kwemabasa ane chokuita nemunda wengano kunomira muzana remakore rechiXNUMX, izvo zvisina kungoratidzwa chete pamadziro edzimba dzemadzimambo, zvichiwanikwa kunzanga yose, zvichibvumira mifananidzo yakawanda.
Nekuremekedza kune mifananidzo ine chekuita nenzvimbo, iyo yainzi muSpanish baroque kupenda senyika, yakabatwa nekushomeka kudiki nekuti chimiro chemunhu chaive pamusoro pehunyanzvi.
Zvinoenderana nekushoropodzwa kwaCarducho, nzvimbo dzaive dzakakodzera nzvimbo dzekugara dzaive kumaruwa kana nzvimbo dzekuzorora uye dzaizonyanya kupfumiswa neimwe sakaramende kana mufananidzo unonyadzisa, waakafumura mugwaro rake rainzi Dialogues of Painting.
Maonero aya anofambirana nemazwi akataurwa naPacheco maererano netsvakiridzo yake inonzi Art of Painting apo anoti nzvimbo dzakaitwa nenyanzvi dzekunze.
Pakati pavo, Cesare Arbasia, Muziano naBrill vakatanhamara, vakadzidza nzira iyi kubva kumuimbi weSpanish ane mukurumbira Antonio Mohedano, achitaura zvinotevera:
"... chikamu chekupenda chisingafaniri kuzvidzwa ... asi inyaya dzekubwinya kuduku uye kuremekedzwa pakati pevekare ..."
Maererano nekuongorora kwakaitwa, vanoratidza kuti rudzi urwu rwakakosha zvikuru kune vateresi uye, kusiyana neHolland, munyika yeSpain hamuna vamiririri vechokwadi, kunyange zvazvo zvinotevera zvinogona kutaurwa:
Ignacio de Iriarte, aishanda muSeville, pamwe naFrancisco Collantes naBenito Manuel Agüero muguta reMadrid, vanozivikanwa nemifananidzo yavo yenzvimbo ine kana isina manhamba, kuwedzera kuna Antonio del Castillo kubva kuCordoba.
Zvikoro zveSpanish Baroque pendi
Muhafu yekutanga yezana ramakore rechi XNUMX, nzvimbo huru dzekugadzira dzakacherechedzwa maererano nekufamba kweSpanish Baroque pendi, iyo huru iri muguta reToledo, Seville, Valencia neMadrid.
Zvakakosha kuziva kuti muhafu yechipiri yezana remakore rechiXNUMX, zvikoro zveToledo neValencia zvakaramba muhutungamiri, zvichiwedzera kukosha kwemabasa eSpanish Baroque kupenda muguta reMadrid neSeville, asi kwaigara kune maartist ezvimwe zvakakosha. munzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana dzerudzi rweSpain.
Chikoro chiri muguta reMadrid
Pakutanga kwezana ramakore rechi 1575, muguta reMadrid uye muToledo, ruzhinji rwevanyori vakapesvedzerwa nevanyori vekunze kubva kurudzi rweItaly vakauya kurudzi rweSpain kuzoshanda muMonastery huru yeEl Escorial, pakati pavo Eugenio Cajes. yakatanhamara pakati pemakore 1634 naXNUMX.
Mukuwedzera kumuimbi Vicente Carducho, pakati pa1576 na1638, nokuda kwokuvakwa kweiyi temberi yorudzidziso inotanhamara, nyanzvi huru dzokupenda dzeSpanish Baroque dzakadzidziswa.
Sezvakaita Sánchez Cotán pamwe naFrancisco Ribalta avo vakabatikana nebasa reunyanzvi raOrazio Borgianni.
Pamusoro pemifananidzo yeCarlo Saraceni iyo yakahwinwa yeCathedral yeToledo nekuda kweCardinal Bernardo de Sandoval y Rojas aive muunganidzi uye ainyatsoteerera kune ese maitiro ehunyanzvi aibva kurudzi rweItaly.
Tichitaura nezvenyaya dzechitendero nehuchokwadi hukuru muSpanish baroque pendi pasina kubvisa chishongo icho muguta reRoma vazhinji vakashoropodza nyanzvi huru Caravaggio.
Pakati peavo vakatanhamara Juan van der Hamen pakati pemakore 1596 na1631 aibata basa rekutora vanhu vachiri vapenyu pamwe chete nemakereke echitendero.
Pamusoro pemifananidzo yakajairika yeSpanish Baroque pendi, anoteverwa nemuimbi mukuru anonzi Pedro Núñez del Valle, aizviti Roman Academician.
Ndiani akapesvedzerwa neiyo classicism yeBolognese muimbi Guido Reni uyo akafemerwa neCaravaggism uye aitarisira kutora nzvimbo uye misoro yenzvimbo yechitendero.
Tinogona zvakare kutumidza Juan Bautista Maino pakati pemakore 1578 na1649 uyo, paakaenda kuItari, akafadzwa nemabasa ehunyanzvi eCaravaggio uye muimbi Annibale Carracci, uyo aizivikanwa nekushandisa mavara akareruka uye zviumbwa.
Chikoro cheguta reToledo
Iwe unofanirwa kuziva kuti muguta reToledo chikoro chehunyanzvi cheSpanish baroque pendi chakatanga, uko Juan Sánchez Cotán (1560-1627) anomira pachena, aive nyanzvi yehunyanzvi uye akasiyana, anosimbisa hupenyu hwake huchiri uko kune michero nemiriwo. pachena.
Akanga asingazivi basa reCaravaggio saJuan van der Hamen avo vaizivikanwa nemhando yakafanana neyevanyori veDutch vakadai saClara Peeters naOsias Bert.
Zvakare maartist ekubva kuItaly, akadai saFede Galizia, vaive vemazuva ano uye kufarira kwavo kwaive mukuvhenekesa kwetenebrist.
Vakanga vasingafariri mifananidzo yakaoma ichiri yeupenyu yevamwe vanyori vekuDutch kana veFlemish. Naizvozvo, zvinyorwa zvaSánchez Cotán zvine chekuita nehupenyu huchiri nyore, zvimwe zvimedu zvakaiswa geometrically munzvimbo yecanvas.
Zvinonzi Sánchez Cotán anorayira zvinhu zvaro maererano nechiyero uye kuwirirana maererano neNeoplatonism, kunyange zvazvo pasina zvinyorwa zvakawanikwa zvichitaura nezvazvo.
Chete naturalism ndiyo inoshandiswa kubata sezvinoratidzwa mubhuku Still Life with Fruits apo anotora hupenyu huchiri hune quince, melon, cucumber necabbage basa iri ndereFine Arts Gallery muSan Diego.
Mune basa iri, kuve nyore kwezvibereko zvina kunoonekwa pajemiometri furemu muchikamu chezasi chekuruboshwe, kuratidza mutema mutema pakati pecanvas pamwe nehafu yekurudyi, kuratidza iwo maficha.
Iri ibasa reSpanish Baroque pendi iyo inokwevera kutarisa kwevaoni nekuda kweiyo yekuvaka furemu inokwana michero.
Sezvimedu zvinonongedza kuvhima, zvichireva kumakabhadhi akajairwa nenharaunda yeSpanish yenguva iyoyo yenhoroondo, zvakare inomira pachena kune illusionist maonero ayo anopa kubasa.
Mumwe wevatambi vependi yekuSpain ndiPedro Orrente naLuis Tristán, aive mudzidzi weGreco muimbi paakatamira kurudzi rweItari pakati pa1606 na1611.
Iyo inoratidzirwa nekudzidziswa mune tenebrist dhizaini yedare remunhu pamwe neye eclectic, inoratidzira pakati pemabasa ayo iyo huru yeatari yekereke yeYepes mugore ra1616.
Nezve muimbi, Orrente aigarawo munyika yeItaly pakati pe1604 ne1612, kwaaive ari mutariri wekushanda mumusangano weBassano muguta reVenice.
Basa rake rakaitwa mumaguta eMurcia, Valencia neToledo akamira pachena mumadingindira echitendero, achisimbisa chokwadi chenhamba, zvinhu nemhuka.
Sezvakaitika kuSaint Sebastian muCathedral yeValencia mugore ra1616 pamwe neKuonekwa kweSaint Leocadia muCathedral yeToledo mugore ra1617.
Chikoro cheSpanish baroque pendi muValencia
Vanyori vekare vakatanhamara Francisco Ribalta (1565-1628) naJosé de Ribera (1591-1652) vakatanhamara muchikoro ichi.” Vanoiswa muchikoro ichi cheValencian kutanga muzana ramakore rechiXNUMX.
Muimbi Ribalta anga achigara muguta reValencia kubvira 1599 uye munzvimbo ino pendi yacho yaive nehunhu hwemuimbi Juan de Juanes.
Manyorerwo aRibalta aibatsira kupikisa-shanduko sezvo mumabasa ake chinyorwa chakareruka chakanangana nemavara airatidza manzwiro akajeka akafanana neSpanish Baroque pendi akaonekwa.
Pakati pemifananidzo yake inomira pachena The Crucified Embracing Saint Bernard pamwe naSaint Francis Anonyaradzwa neNgirozi vari muPrado Museum.
Rimwe remabasa ake iKudya Kutsvene kweatari yeColegio del Patriarca pamwe neatari yePortacoeli iri muMuseum yeValencia umo San Bruno akamira.
Pakati pevadzidzi vake vakuru, mwanakomana wake pachake Juan Ribalta anomira pachena, akafa achiri muduku zvikuru, uyewo Jerónimo Jacinto Espinosa.
Mabasa ake anomira pachena seChishamiso chaKristu cheKununura chegore 1623 pamwe neRufu rweSan Luis Beltrán mugore ra1653 Kuonekwa kwaKristu kuSan Ignacio wegore 1658.
Zvakakosha kuziva kuti José de Ribera, kunyange zvazvo akabatanidzwa muchikoro cheValencian, aigara achishanda munyika yeItaly kubva muna 1611, akanga asiri muValencia uye ari muRoma akasangana nesimba remufananidzo weCaravaggio, achitora tenebrist. naturalism.
Mifananidzo yake inoratidza kuva nyore kwevaapostora nevazivi kwaakatevedzera matauriro anosanganisira kuunyana.Akagara muguta reNaples uye akaonana naVelázquez nezvechiaroscuro, iyo yakadzikiswa nepesvedzero yeVenetian classicism.
Pakati pemabasa anomira kunze kweiyi muimbi mukuru weSpanish Baroque pendi iLa Magdalena Penitente, inochengetwa muPrado Museum.
Kufanana neKufira kweSan Felipe, El Sueño de Jacob, Santísima Trinidad, San Andrés uye Inmaculada Concepción, mabasa aya ndeeAgustinas de Monterrey muguta reSalamanca.
Rimwe remabasa emumiriri weSpanish Baroque pendi iLa Cartuja de San Martino muguta reNaples, Chirairo cheVaapostora chakabatawo mamwe macanvases achireva nzvimbo dziri dzekuunganidzwa kweDukes eAlba muPalace yeMonterrey.
Aive zvakare mutariri wekutora misoro yechitendero yakatumwa nevakuru veSpain muguta reNaples pamwe chete nemadingindira engano akadai saVenus naAdonis, Apollo naMarsyas, Kushanya kweVamwari kuVarume, Silenus Drunk pasina kukanganwa nhevedzano yemifananidzo. .
Sezvakaitika kune mufambisi wemabhiza waDon Juan José wekuAustria uye mufananidzo unozivikanwa El pie varo unonyatso pindura kuravira kwechinguvana muSpanish baroque pendi, pamwe naLa Mujer Barbuda weIII Duke weAlcalá.
Nezve Chikoro cheAndalusian
Mukutanga kwezana ramakore rechi 1564 muguta reSeville, dare rechinyakare rakapenda rine simba rechiDutch rakanga riri mufashoni, richiva mumiriri waro mukuru weMannerist muimbi Francisco Pacheco uyo akanga ari tezvara uye mudzidzisi weguru Velázquez (1654- XNUMX).
Aive mupendi ane hunyanzvi aiita basa rekuita chibvumirano pasi pemusoro wekuti The Art of Painting rakaburitswa mushure mekusipo kwake.Zvakakosha kuti uzive kuti mufundisi ainzi Juan de Roelas (1570-1625) aive muimbi uyo yaisanganisira colorism kuVenetian artic style muguta reSeville.
Nekuda kweizvi, anoonekwa sebaba veSpanish Baroque pendi muLower Andalusia Mabasa ake anomira pachena kune inopenya uye ine ruvara rweBaroque style ine mutsara wayo muMannerist style pendi.
Pakati pemabasa anomira pachena kubva kune uyu mumiriri weSpanish baroque pendi, iyo Martyrdom yaSaint Andrew inomira pachena, iri muMuseum yeSeville.
Iwe unofanirwa kuziva kuti ichi chizvarwa chekutanga chevanyori vanomiririra Spanish Baroque pendi inopera naFrancisco Herrera anozivikanwa zviri nani saEl Viejo (1590-1656) ari mudzidzisi wehunyanzvi wemwanakomana wake Herrera El Mozo.
Zvinoenderana nekuferefeta kwakaitwa, muimbi uyu ane zita rekuti Herrera angave chikamu cheshanduko kubva kuhunhu kuenda kuBaroque movement.
Zvaaive ari mutsigiri wekutenda kuhunhu hwake hwehunyanzvi senge vertiginous brushstroke uye chokwadi chakajairwa neSpanish Baroque pendi.
Izvo zvakakosha kuti iwe unzwisise kuti guta reSeville raive muhupfumi hwakazara nekuda kwekutengeserana neAmerica uko maartist makuru eSpanish Baroque pendi akadzidziswa, akadai saZurbarán, Velázquez naAlonso Cano.
Nezve Francisco de Zurbarán (1598-1664), ndiye mumiriri mukuru weSpanish Baroque pendi munzvimbo yechitendero, iyo yaaizivikanwa munguva yake semuvengi wevafiri.
Upenyu hwake huchiri hunoonekwawo, kunyange zvazvo aizvipira kwaari apo neapo. Humwe hunhu hwake ndeye tenebrist maitiro apo anosanganisira yakapusa uye yechokwadi kuumbwa kwezvinhu uye vanhu vaakatora pamachira ake.
Ivo vanosimbisa nhevedzano mikuru yemabasa ehunyanzvi achireva kune akasiyana ezvitendero dzidziso dzechiKatorike, pakati peiyo maCarthusians eguta reSeville anotanhamara, pamwe neHieronymites yeSacristy yeMonastery yeGuadalupe. Pakati pemabasa ake panoonekwa:
- Friar Gonzalo de Illescas
- Akachena
- Friar Pedro Machado
- Misa yaBaba Cabañuelas
- Saint Hugo mune Refectory yeCarthusians
- Chiratidzo chaBaba Salmerón
- Kuedzwa kwaSaint Jerome
- Saint Catherine
Nekuremekedza kune mumwe mumiririri mukuru weSpanish Baroque pendi, Alonso Cano (1601-1667) anoonekwa semuvambi wechikoro cheGranada Baroque.Muchiitiko chekutanga, aive tenebrist, akabva achinja chimiro ichi.
Zvakanaka, akasvika pakuziva pendi yeVenetian mumiunganidzwa yehumambo paakagadzwa mupendi wekamuri nekuda kweCount-Duke weOlivares. Izvo zvakakosha kuti iwe uzive kuti Alonso Cano naVelázquez vaive shamwari uye vaunodzidza navo.
Mumusangano watenzi Francisco Pacheco, kwaakagashira mafomu akakwenenzverwa pamwe neayo echinyakare, haana kufarira huchokwadi hwevenguva yake.
Pakati peakanyanya kumiririra mabasa eiyi muimbi weSpanish baroque pendi ndeye canvasi inoreva Hupenyu hweMhandara iyo parizvino iri muCathedral yeGranada.
Velázquez uye simba rake paSpanish baroque pendi
Muzana rino ramakore ndiye mucherechedzo wepamusoro waDiego Velázquez ari mumwe wenyanzvi dzekugadzira dzemuSpanish Baroque pendi. Uyu muimbi mukuru akazvarwa muguta reSeville mugore ra1599 uye akafira muguta reMadrid mugore ra1660.
Akaratidza unyanzvi hukuru hwechiedza nerima, akanga ari mufananidzo mukuru weSpanish baroque pendi, maererano nemifananidzo yake, haana kungotora madzimambo nemhuri dzavo pamucheka, asiwo mamwe mafananidzo akadai sematare edzimhosva. .
Nezvevatambi ava, anovaratidza nehunhu uye hunhu hukuru mubasa rake, akaratidza munguva yake kuva muimbi mukuru anozivikanwa nevamwe vanyori vane mukurumbira mukuru.
Ndizvo zvakaitika kuna Vicente Carducho, kunyange zvazvo akanga akanyura mune zvechinyakare, akaramba kudavira zvisikwa sechinhu chiduku.
Mukutanga kwayo muguta reSeville, muimbi Diego Velázquez ndiye aitarisira kutora mifananidzo ichitaura nezvemhando yezviratidziro uko vamwe vanyori vakaita saFrancisco Pacheco naAntonio Palomino vakadana kana kunyorwa seZvichiri Lifes.
Kwavakagadzira mamodheru ependi yekicheni iyo yakagadzirwa nevatambi veFlemish mavambo akadai saBeuckelaer naAertsen vanobva kumaodzanyemba kweNetherlands.
Kuti yaive pasi pekutonga kwevaAustria, saka pakanga paine hukuru hwehupfumi hwekutengeserana pakati pematunhu eFlanders neSeville.
Kuve iyi mifananidzo yekutanga mukupa mukurumbira kune uyu muimbi nekuti haana kuita mabasa akareruka asi emhando zviratidziro zvinogona kuratidzwa mumamuseum akasiyana erudzi rweSpain.
Kuratidzira kunakidza kweaya manyorerwo eunyanzvi aishamisa ainakidza nzanga yeEurope, pakati pawo anobuda pachena:
- Kudya kwemasikati kwakagadzirwa muna 1617 muHermitage Museum
- Chembere inokacha mazai gore ra1618 riri muNational Gallery yeScotland
- Kristu mumba maMarta kubva mugore ra1618 riri muNational Gallery yeLondon
- Iyo Aguador de Sevilla yakagadzirwa mugore ra1620 uye iri muApsley House
Muzviratidziro izvi, ruzivo runotaura nezvehupenyu huchiri hwakasiyana hunogona kuoneka panoiswa zvirongo zvakagadzirwa nezvinhu zvakaita semakeramu pamwe nehove.
Mukuwedzera kune mazai ane hukuru hwechokwadi pamucheka unoratidzirwa nemhepo yakasviba apo anoshandisa palette ine mavara mashoma.
Iwe unofanirwa kuziva kuti uyu muimbi Diego Velázquez haana kungoita mabasa ehunyanzvi ane chekuita nechitendero, aitarisirawo kutora mifananidzo yematare pamwe chete nemadingindira enhoroondo, pakati peiyo Iyo Surrender yeBreda inomira pachena.
Akaratidzawo basa rakanakisa muSpanish baroque pendi achireva ngano dzengano, apo The Triumph of Bacchus, The Fable of Arachne, The Forge of Vulcano, pakati pevamwe, inomira pachena.
Pakati pehukuru hwake hwekugadzira huchiri hupenyu nemamiriro ekunze pamwe chete nevamwe vakadzi vasina kupfeka vakafanana nehunyanzvi uhu, seVenus yeMirror.
Uyu muimbi mukuru weSpanish baroque pendi inopesvedzerwa netenebrism yeCaravaggio pamwe neiyo huru Rubens, zvichibvumira kusanganiswa kweaya mafungu anomira pachena mubasa iri rehunhu hukuru hwechokwadi hwakafanana neVelázquez.
Akaratidza hukuru hwekugadzira hungwaru hwekugadzira mukubata kwechiedza nenzvimbo muSpanish baroque pendi, nekuda kweizvi anoonekwa seakakosha mufananidzo wetenebrism yehafu yekutanga yezana ramakore rechi XNUMX uye yeBaroque kufamba muchikamu chechipiri che zvakafanana.zana remakore.
Humwe hunhu hwayo hukuru ndeyechokwadi mhedzisiro yehudzamu hukuru, ichiratidza mumatende ayo mhepo inoyangarara pakati pezviverengero.
Kuti anotora pamachira ake achiratidza kuraira kukuru kwemaonero asina kusimba sekuratidzwa mune rimwe remabasa ake makuru Las Meninas.
Pakati pemabasa aVelázquez pane mamwe maartist makuru, akadai semupendi Juan de Pareja (1610-1667).
Uye iyo yemukuwasha wake Juan Bautista Martínez del Mazo (1605-1667) aive mubatsiri wake mushure mekudzidza musambo uye akazova muimbi akazvimirira.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=macuJDysm0k
Nezve Chechipiri Hafu yeXVII Century
Panguva ino yeSpanish Baroque pendi, haisisiri pasi penzvimbo yeCaravaggio, asi pesvedzero yeRubensian-style Flemish Baroque movement, pamwe neItaly Baroque, inoonekwa.
Mamwe marudzi ekupenda anoonekwa apo mwenje nemumvuri hazvimire kunze asi inopinda chromatism inotorwa mufungwa iyo inonongedza kuchikoro cheVenetian mabviro.
Pamusoro pezvo, mutambo wemitambo unosanganisirwa muSpanish baroque pendi, chinova chimwe chinhu chakasarudzika mune iyi Spanish baroque pendi.
Iri rudzi rweSpanish baroque pendi rinoshandiswa kuratidza kukunda kweChechi kuvonga kune counter-reformation uye panguva imwechete iyo inoshandiswa kubata nekuderera kwehumambo hweSpain.
Kunowedzerwa kune unyanzvi uhwu mufananidzo wakashongedzwa wefresco uri pamadziro makuru uye kunyange pazvivharo zvetemberi dzechitendero uye mumatare emambo.
Mhedzisiro yezviitiko uye zvidhori zvemaziso zvinoonekwa, madingindira anoreva vanitas anopinda nechinangwa chekuratidzira kune vaoni.
Kushaya maturo kwezvinhu zvepanyika kunoreva kusasimba kwehupenyu uye kuti kuvapo kwahwo kungave kupfupi sei, nokudaro kukosha kwekunakidzwa nahwo.
Kusiyana nemaDutch vanitas, muSpanish Baroque kupenda nzvimbo yechitendero inosimbiswa nekushandisa mashura emusoro kuti atarise vatendi veChechi yeKatorike.
Chikoro cheMadrid
Shanduko inoonekwa muSpanish baroque pendi kubva kune tenebrism kuenda kune yakazara baroque uye pakati pevamiriri vepamusoro veichi chikoro cheMadrid.
Juan Andrés Rizi (1600-1681) anomira kunze pakati pevanyori, pamwe naFrancisco de Herrera, anozivikanwa zviri nani saEl Mozo (1627-1685), mwanakomana waHerrera El Viejo.
Nezve Francisco Herrera el Mozo, akadzidza kubva paudiki kwazvo mumusangano wababa vake, uyo aitarisira kumupa dzidziso yekutanga yeSpanish Baroque pendi, zvino pazera rakakura akatamira kuItaly ndokudzokera kuSpain zvakare mu. 1654.
Paakadzoka, akaparadzira zvaakanga adzidza pamusoro pekushongedza baroque yeItaly yakabva, sezvakasimbiswa mubasa reunyanzvi San Hermenegildo iri muPrado Museum, pesvedzero yake yaive yakadaro zvekuti akagamuchira chinzvimbo chemutungamiri weSeville Academy.
Izvo zvakakosha kuti uzive kuti mutungamiri weChikoro ichi aitungamirwa naMurillo, kunyangwe aive akabatikana nebasa rake reunyanzvi muguta reMadrid maererano neSpanish Baroque pendi.
Mumwe wevanyori vaimiririrawo kupenda kweSpanish Baroque panguva ino ndiAntonio Pereda (1611-1678) aitarisa nezvenzvimbo yechitendero mumakereke akasiyana siyana nemamongi muguta reMadrid.
Akanga ari mutariri wekutora vanitas shomanana apo anoratidza kukurumidza kunopera mafaro epanyika, achiratidza unhu hunomuswededza pedyo nehupenyu huchiri hupenyu, huchishandura kuva chikamu chayo.
Rangarira kuti hupenyu huchiri hunoreva hupenyu huchiri uye imwe yerudzi urwu rweSpanish baroque pendi nemuimbi mukuru uyu ndiEl Sueño del Caballero iri muReal Academia de Bellas Artes de San Fernando.
Panoratidzwa murume akarara ari munharaunda yake panoonekwa zvinhu zvisina maturo zvakasiyana-siyana zvenyika ino, zvichiratidza chiratidzo chinopa simba rakadai sepasi repasi nekorona, pamwe chete nezvinhu zvinokosheswa zvakadai sematombo anokosha, mari uye. mabhuku.
Zvese izvi zvakatenderedza matehenya nemaruva izvo zvinokurumidza kurasikirwa nekunaka uye kusvava, iwe unogona zvakare kuona mwenje wekenduru wapedza hafu, uchiratidza kuti nguva yehupenyu iri kukurumidza uye ngirozi inoisimbisa nekuti inopfeka ribhoni ine. nezve kudhirowa uye chinyorwa:
“…AETERNE PUNGIT; I CITE VOLAT ET OCCIDIT… Nguva inogara ichikuvadza, inobhururuka nekukurumidza uye inouraya…”
Izvi zvakafanana neyambiro kuvaoni veSpanish baroque pendi apo muimbi Antonio Pereda anoda kuratidza kuburikidza nehunyanzvi zvinotevera:
"... Mbiri yemabasa makuru ichapera sekurota ..."
Mumwe muenzaniso unogona kuratidzwa ibasa rehunyanzvi Allegory of Vanity of Life iri muKunsthistorisches muguta reVienna.
Basa racho rinoratidza chimiro chine mapapiro uye kumativi ose misoro yebasa rekare inodzokororwa, zvakadai sepasi rose, skulls, wachi, pamwe chete nemari.
Kunyangwe mune mamwe mabasa anomiririra eSpanish baroque pendi maererano nevanitas anogona kunge aine mashoma zvinhu zvakaita sedehenya newachi.
Sezvinoonekwa muZaragoza Museum kwaanozovagara zvinoenderana nehunyanzvi hwake hwekusika, achibvumira nziyo dzakaoma.
Spanish baroque pendi yehafu yechipiri yezana ramakore inomiririrwa nevanyori vakati wandei, pakati pavo isu tinogona kutaura zvinotevera:
- Francisco Rizi (1614-1685) aive mukoma waJuan Ricci
- Juan Carreño de Miranda (1614-1685) ari wechipiri akanakisa mufananidzo
- Diego Velázquez ndiye akanakisa mufananidzo weSpanish baroque pendi, mifananidzo yake yechirikadzi Mariana wekuAustria uye Charles II aine mukurumbira.
- Mateo Cerezo (1637-1666) mudzidzi waVelázquez uye anoyemura Titian pamwe naVan Dyck.
Tinogona kutaura nezvevamwe vanomiririra vanyori veSpanish Baroque pendi, vakadai saJosé Antolínez, aive mudzidzi wemugadziri Francisco Rizi.
Ndiani aive nesimba guru reVenetian neDutch mavambo aive munyori weakasiyana siyana mundima yechitendero, achisimbisa mabasa ake ehunyanzvi achireva iyo Immaculate Conception.
Simba reVelázquez rinocherechedzwa maererano nemuvara wepalette unoshandiswa panosarudzwa mavara esirivha. Tinogona zvakare kukuudza nezvaSebastián Herrera Barnuevo aive mudzidzi wemuimbi Alonso Cano.
Pamusoro pokuva mugadziri wezvivakwa, aiva muvezi uye muvezi.Mashandiro ake ounyanzvi ane chokuita nemifananidzo akatanhamara, achiratidza sitaira yakafanana neyechikoro cheVenetian, sezvakaita Veronese uye Tintoretto.
Kupedzisa nechikoro cheMadrid, mumwe wevamiriri vayo vekupedzisira veSpanish Baroque pendi inoenderana neakaberekerwa muMadrid muimbi Claudio Coello (1642-1693) uyo ainyanya kupenda semupendi wedare.
Kunyangwe mabasa ake ehunyanzvi ane hukama nechikamu chechitendero pamwe nekudhirowa uye maonero akafurirwa naVelázquez.
Kuwedzera mutambo mukuru wemitambo unoreva nezvemabasa ehunyanzvi aRubens akadai sebasa The Adoration of Sacred Form pamwe neKukunda kwaSaint Augustine.
Chikoro cheAndalusian
Iyo Spanish baroque pendi iyo inomiririrwa nemuimbi Murillo pamwe chete nemumwe muimbi mukuru anonzi Valdés Leal vaive vavamba mugore ra1660 reAcademy yeSeville uko nhamba huru yevapendi yakabatana.
Zita rakazara remumiririri mukuru uyu weSpanish baroque pendi ndiBartolomé Esteban Murillo (1618-1682).Anonyanya kuyemurwa nebasa rake rinoreva Immaculate Conception pamwe chete nekumirirwa nekunzwa kukuru kweMwana Jesu.
Kunyangwe munguva yake yenhoroondo Murillo aifarirwa zvakanyanya nekuda kwemhando dzemhando, ndizvo zvakaita nyaya yevakomana vanoratidza mararamiro emuganho, mienzaniso yavo ndeiyi: Vana vanodya michero uye Mwana akatarisa kunze nepahwindo.
Inoratidza shanduko yeSpanish baroque pendi, ichisiya tenebrist maitiro maererano nenguva yayo yekutanga, mabasa anotevera anozivikanwa: La Sagrada Familia del Pajarito uye Cycle yeConvent yeSan Francisco muguta reSeville.
Zvino, kuburikidza nemabasa ake eunyanzvi, zviri pachena kuti brashiroke inova yakareruka uye inonatswa neruvara palette, ichibvumira yakasununguka uye yakawanda agile brushstroke.
Zvinocherechedzwa kuti Murillo akatora mifananidzo yakagadziridzwa kuravira kwevanhu vebourgeois uko machira anomiririra mabasa ehunyanzvi ane manyoro madingindira asina drama, achibvisa zvakaipa zvehupenyu hwezuva nezuva.
Nezve chikamu chechitendero cheSpanish Baroque pendi, Murillo akaita nhamba huru yemabasa ehunyanzvi, pakati pavo The Martyrdom of Saint Andrew, The Good Shepherd, Rebeca and Eliezer, Saint Justa and Rufina, The Annunciation stand out, pamwe nemamwe akati wandei. shanduro dzinoreva The Immaculate Conception. Conception.
Mufananidzo wekupedzisira uyu wakava mufananidzo wechiratidzo wakaramba uchikopwa muzana rese rezana pasina kuregeredza hafu yezvibodzwa zvaakaitira chechi yeSevillian inonzi Santa María La Blanca con el Sueño del Patricio pasina kukanganwa mifananidzo yakanakisa yakafanana neyakaitwa nemuimbi Van Dyck. .
Tinogonawo kutaura nezvemuimbi wekwakabva Cordoba, Juan de Valdés Leal (1622-1690) Maviri emabasa ake anozivikanwa nhasi, sezvakaita nyaya yeDecadences yaakagadzira kuHospital de la Caridad muguta reSeville.
Idzi nziyo dzakanakisa dzakaoma kunzwisisa uko kukunda kwerufu pamusoro pehupenyu kunoonekwa. Rufu runofananidzirwa kuburikidza nematehenya uye skeleton nepo zvisina maturo zvinomiririrwa kuburikidza nemabhuku uye nhumbi dzokurwa.
Parinoratidza kuti rufu harwusarure vanhu mumapoka sezvinotaurwa mubhuku rinonzi Madhanzi Erufu. Zvinoonekwa kuti maitiro aValdés Leal ane simba uye ane chisimba apo iye ari kutungamira kupa pekutanga kune ruvara pamusoro pebasa rakadhirowa.
Maererano nezana remakore rechigumi nemasere
Nezvemakore ekutanga ezana ramakore rechi XNUMX, zvinoonekwa kuti pendi yeSpanish baroque inochengetwa kusvika pakatangwa sangano idzva rehunyanzvi rinozivikanwa seRococo, iro rine simba guru kubva kurudzi rweFrance.
Pakati pezana ramakore regumi nesere, maBourbons akasvika murudzi rweSpain uye aive nebasa rekuunza huwandu hukuru hwevanyori vekunze kudare reSpain, kusanganisira Louis-Michel Van Loo, Michel-Ange Houasse naJean Ranc.
Pasinei neizvi, munzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana dzerudzi rweSpain, basa reChikoro cheSeville rakaenderera mberi, sezvakaita vadzidzi vemuimbi Murillo kusvika mugore re1750 uye kunyange zvazvo dare rakabudisa shanduko maererano nekupenda.
Mumatemberi echitendero uye nevakuru vedunhu vakaramba vakavimbika kuSpanish Baroque pendi, ndosaka kuenderera kwehunyanzvi uhu kuchicherechedzwa kusvika muzana ramakore reXNUMX.
Pakati pemifananidzo yehunyanzvi inomiririra shanduko kubva kuSpanish Baroque pendi ndiAcisclo Antonio Palomino (1655-1726) aitungamira basa rakakura rehunyanzvi mukati meXNUMXth neXNUMXth century.
Akatanga akatanga basa rechitendero asi rakaregwa nekuda kwekuda kwake kudhirowa kweSpanish Baroque.Akabva kuguta rekumusha kwake reCórdoba kuenda kuguta reMadrid muna 1678 kwaakawana makirasi kubva kune vaimbi Claudio Coello naCarreño.
Mushure memakore gumi ekudzidza nekudzidzira mugore ra1688 uyu muimbi mukuru anokwira kunzvimbo yekuve mupendi wamambo nekuda kwechikonzero ichocho anogamuchira pakati pemabasa ake ekupenda mavhairi eChapel yeCity Hall yeguta reMadrid basa raakamuita. yakaitwa pakati pemakore 1693 na1699.
Akashandawo pamwe chete nemumwe muimbi mukuru wekupenda akadai saLuca Giordano uyo akamudzidzisa zvese zvine chekuita neBaroque yekuItaly.
Mumakore 1697 na1701 ndiye ari kutungamira kugadzira mafrescoes eChechi yeSantos Juanes iri muguta reValencia zvino mune imwe nguva yenguva 1705 na1707 anopihwa basa rekushongedza Convent yeSan Esteban muguta re Salamanca.
Nekuremekedza kwekutanga kwemuimbi uyu, yakagadzirwa nenzira yeChikoro cheMadrid nerubatsiro rwemuimbi Claudio Coello asi mushure mekubatana naGordano akajekesa ruvara rwemavara rwaakashandisa muSpanish Baroque pendi.
Mushure maizvozvi, aive achitungamira kugadzira nziyo dzakaoma kunzwisisa uko airatidza kugona kwakanaka kweiyo sketch.
Tinogona kutaura mumwe mufananidzo une kukosha kukuru muSpanish baroque pendi yenguva ino yenhoroondo, saMiguel Jacinto Meléndez, aigara muguta reMadrid uye anoziva Palomino.
Akakwidziridzwawo pachigaro chekupenda kuna mambo muna 1712 uye akapiwa basa rekuita mifananidzo yaFelipe V nemhuri yake pamwe chete nechechi yechitendero nekuda kwesimba raClaudio Coello naFrancisco Rizi.
Kuwedzera kupendi yake yeSpanish Baroque kutarisisa uye ruvara runobata Rococo pesvedzero, kuva muenzaniso weiyi anotevera mabasa ehunyanzvi The Annunciation yakaitwa mugore ra1718 kuwedzera kuMhuri Tsvene mugore ra1722.
Nekuremekedza guta reValencia, munyori wemifananidzo José Vergara Gimeno (1726-1799) akamira pachena. Aive zvakare mutariri wekutora simba rePalomino maererano neSpanish Baroque pendi.
Kunyanya munziyo dzayo dzakakura uye dzakaoma dzakagadzirwa kuburikidza nehunyanzvi hwefresco, yakagadziridzwa kuburikidza nemafomula akashandiswa nemumwe muimbi akakosha zvikuru, saJuan de Juanes y los Ribalta.
Akanga ari mutariri wekugadzira mamwe maitiro matsva eunyanzvi akamubvumira kuti aiise mune neoclassical uye akanga ari mutariri wekutanga muna 1768 Royal Academy of Fine Arts yeSan Carlos.
Mukambani yemukoma wake Ignacio uye sangano iri richamubvumira kupa chiremerera neruremekedzo kune zvidzidzo zvetsika zveSpanish Baroque pendi.
Kupedza iyi zana guru reSpanish baroque pendi inyanzvi yeCatalan Antoni Viladomat akabatana nenyanzvi huru yekubva kuItaly.
Kuve Ferdinando Galli Bibbiena panguva iyo guta reBarcelona raive chigaro chedare raArchduke Carlos weAustria.
Ndiani anga ari mumiriri wekorona yeSpain nekuda kwesimba rake kurudzi rweSpain, kusimuka kwechimiro chemuimbi Antoni Viladomat kwakacherechedzwa, kwaakavhiringidza kusanganiswa nehunhu hweChikoro cheSeville neSpanish Baroque pendi.
Pakati pemifananidzo inomira pachena nemuimbi uyu ndeiya yakagadzirwa mukati meimba yekunamatira yeLos Dolores de Mataró muna 1722, zviratidziro zvine chekuita nehupenyu hweSan Francisco nhasi muNational Museum yeArt yeCatalonia mugore ra1727.
Rimwe remabasa ehunyanzvi umo uyu muimbi mukuru akamira panze rinoreva hupenyu huchiri hupenyu uye mhando dzemhando, pakati padzo tinogona kutaura nezveMana mana anowanikwa muNational Art Museum yeCatalonia.
Spanish baroque pendi mune viceroyalties yeAmerica
Sezvinoratidzwa muhudzvanyiriri hweSpanish mukondinendi yeAmerica, pesvedzero yekutanga yakaonekwa muSpanish baroque pendi yaive yakabatana neiyo tenebrism yechikoro cheSeville.
Pakati peaya anoonekwa pane pesvedzero yemuimbi Zurbarán, chikamu chemabasa ake ehunyanzvi achireva kupenda kweSpanish Baroque mumarudzi eMexico nePeru achiri kugona kuonekwa.
Izvo zvinogona kuoneka mumabasa ehunyanzvi evapendi verudzi rweMexico, vakadai saSebastián López de Arteaga naJosé Juárez.
Iwe unogona zvakare kutenda basa remuBolivia muimbi Melchor Pérez de Holguín. Nekuremekedza kurudzi rwePeruvia, kunyanya muguta reCuzco uko kunoitwa pesvedzero yeChikoro cheSeville, yakadudzirwa nenzira yakasarudzika nekushandiswa kwezvinhu zvinokosheswa zvakanyanya segoridhe.
Pamusoro pemaitiro akasarudzika evagari vekondinendi yeAmerica akapfumisa pendi yeSpanish baroque maererano neCuzco Chikoro chependi, yakabuda nekuda kwemupendi akaberekerwa kuItaly Bernardo Bitti muna 1853.
Zvaanosuma maitiro muAmerica pakati pemabasa emifananidzo anomira pachena kubva panguva ino yenhoroondo ndiLuis de Riaño aive mudzidzi waAngelino Medoro aitungamira kugadzira mifananidzo yetembere yeAndahuaylillas.
Mamwe maartist ekwakabva anomira pachena muSpanish Baroque pendi anosanganisira Basilio Santa Cruz Puma Callao, Diego Quispe Tito.
SaMarcos Zapata uyo aive nebasa rekugadzira makumi mashanu ekupenda mavhoriyamu makuru ayo ane basa rekupfekedza mabiko epamusoro anounzwa neCathedral yeCuzco.
Nezve zana ramakore regumi nesere maererano neatari yakagadzirwa mumifananidzo, inotsiviwa nemabasa ehunyanzvi eSpanish baroque pendi mukondinendi yeAmerica, uye panguva ino yenhoroondo kwakave nekuwanda kwezvido zvemabasa ehunyanzvi zvine chekuita ne civil sphere.
Kunyanya mumhando yemifananidzo neveutongi nzanga yenguva mukondinendi yeAmerica, pamwe neChechi yeKatorike, aive mutengi akanakisa kune maartist eSpanish Baroque pendi.
Iwe unofanirwa kuziva kuti pesvedzero huru yeSpanish baroque pendi inobva kuMurillo uye mune dzimwe nguva pesvedzero yevamwe maartist inogona kucherechedzwa, yakadai inyaya yaCristóbal de Villalpando uyo anowana pesvedzero yake nekuda kwemuimbi kubva kuValdés Leal.
Nezve rudzi urwu rweSpanish baroque pendi yenguva ino yenhoroondo mukondinendi yeAmerica, inoratidzirwa kuburikidza nemanzwiro, mafomu ayo anotapira uye pakati pevanyori, Gregorio Vázquez de Arce, chizvarwa cherudzi rweColombia, anomira pachena.
Panyaya yerudzi rweMexico, maartist makuru eSpanish Baroque pendi akamira, akadai saMiguel Cabrera naJuan Rodríguez Juárez. Izvo zvakakosha kuti iwe unzwisise kuti iyo nguva yekukura kukuru kweiyi art yakaitika pakati pemakore 1650 na1750.
Maartist akati wandei ane mukurumbira muSpanish baroque pendi anoitika panguva imwe chete munzvimbo dzakasiyana dzekondinendi yeAmerica, pakati peBolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Mexico nePeru.
Pamusoro pezvo, pendi yeSpanish baroque mukondinendi ino yeAmerica yakamisikidzwa nenzvimbo yengano umo madhiri ekukunda anovakwa pamusuwo wekugara kwevatambi uye mamwe mavara enzanga inokudzwa anomira pachena.
Tisingakanganwe kutapurwa kwezviono zvemuBhaibheri uko kudzokororwa kunosimudzirwa kunosimudzirwa, muenzaniso waikoku wakanga uri guta reQuito pasi pemirairo yavafundisi veDominican pamwe chete navaJesuit.
Nhaka yeSpanish Baroque Painting
Izvo zvakakosha kuti iwe utarise kuti pendi yeSpanish Baroque inoratidza inonakidza poindi munhoroondo yehunyanzvi nekuda kwesimba rayo guru mudunhu reSpain.
Iyi yazvino yaive yakakosha mukondinendi yese yeEurope mukati mezana ramakore rechi XNUMX uye chikamu chezana ramakore rechi XNUMX, nekupenda kweSpanish Baroque iri nzira itsva yekuratidza hunyanzvi.
Mune imwe nguva yenhoroondo apo denda rinokonzera kufa kwehuwandu uye Chechi yeKatorike yakatarisana nedambudziko rayo rekutanga.
Zvaanoedza kugadzirisa nekuda kwekupokana-kuvandudzwa uye nekuda kweSpanish baroque pendi, shungu dzekutenda, runyararo uye masevhisi akadai setsitsi anobatwa, zvichiratidza hukuru hwemweya munharaunda yechitendero.
Naizvozvo Chechi yeKaturike yakaedza kuwana muchiSpanish Baroque kuveza nzira yokuita kuti vakatendeka vadavire dzidziso dzechiKristu kupfurikidza nokuita fanano chaiyoiyo yezvakaratidzirwa mumabasa ounyanzvi.
Kunyangwe kuwedzeredza kwakaonekwa muhuwandu hwemifananidzo yakagadzirwa muSpanish Baroque pendi, iyo yakashanda kupa chinangwa chekufamba nekuda kweiyo optical illusion, iyo yakazove yakashorwa nehuwandu hukuru hwevanyori.
Kushandiswa kwechiaroscuro kunomira pachena muSpanish baroque pendi, iri mutsauko unoonekwa mumabasa ake ehunyanzvi, achibvumira kusanganisa.
Pakati penzvimbo dzine rima uye nzvimbo dzakanyatsovhenekerwa, yeuka kuti ibasa rine humbozha hukuru mukushandiswa kwemavara eruvara.
Mavara anoshandiswa akanyanya uye anoratidza kushandiswa kwegoridhe nesirivheri munzvimbo yakatorwa pacanvas nekubatanidzwa kwemavara akasiyana.
Ndizvo zvakaita burgundy, violet uye tsvuku kuratidza kuwedzeredza uye kufadza ziso remuoni, kuvapo kwevatema kwakajairika pakusiyana kweSpanish Baroque pendi.
Mhedziso
Pakati pezana ramakore regumi nenomwe uye chikamu chekutanga chezana ramakore regumi nemasere, pendi yeSpanish baroque yakasvika pane imwe nguva munhoroondo yakazara nehungwaru uye hunyanzvi, ndosaka ichizivikanwa seGoridhe Age.
Nekuda kwekusiyana kwemaitiro ehunyanzvi, kunyangwe nyika yeSpain iri mudambudziko rakakura rehupfumi uye hutano, zvikoro zvikuru zveSpanish Baroque pendi zvinogadzirwa munzvimbo dzakasiyana dzenyika, seValencia, Madrid, Seville neToledo.
Humwe hunhu hukuru hweSpanish baroque pendi ndeyechokwadi nekuda kwekutamba kwechiedza uye mumvuri pamwe neakaomesesa maumbirwo anobvumira manyepo ekuona anoburitsa kufamba mumabasa akabatwa pamacanvases akasiyana.
Chechi yeKatorike, nekuda kwesangano rekupikisa reformation, inoshandisa kupenda kweSpanish Baroque kuwedzera kutenda kwevatendi vedzidziso iyi, zvichibvumira kukura kwevakatendeka maererano nechechi yePurotesitendi.
Izvo zvakakosha kuti maartist mazhinji erudzi rweSpain atore pesvedzero yeCaravaggio uye tenebrism kutora mabasa makuru ehunyanzvi pamachira avo.
Iwe unofanirwa kuziva kuti Diego Velázquez ndiye mumiriri mukuru weSpanish baroque pendi, pakati pemabasa anomira zvakanyanya kubva mukushanda kwake nesimba ndiko Kukunda kweBacchus mugore ra1628, Venus uye Mirror yakatsanangurwa mugore ra1647.
Mabasa ake anokosha anoteverwa neLas Meninas, yaakabudisa muna 1656, tisingatauri nezvebasa rengano rine mukurumbira mukuru, rakadai seFable yeArachne, yaakabudisa muna 1657.
Mushure mekupenda kweSpanish Baroque, sangano idzva rakamuka muhafu yechipiri yezana ramakore rechi XNUMX kubva kurudzi rweFrance, rwakapararira mukondinendi yese yeEurope, seRococo.
Kana iwe wakawana chinyorwa ichi chinonakidza, ndinokukoka iwe kuti ushanyire anotevera malink: