Ngatiburitse midzi yekutenda kwenhema uku kwakazvarwa muMiddle Ages uye kutakurwa sekutenda mashura kusvika nhasi pamusoro pekatsi nhema.
Katsi nhema dziri pakati pemhando dzinonyanya kutaurwa nezvadzo uye dzisina kugamuchirwa munhoroondo. Dzave dziri zvinhu zvefungidziro dzakawanda nezvitendero, zvichiri kushanda nhasi mutsika dzakasiyana dzepasi.
Makati matema: dzimwe nguva anoremekedzwa, dzimwe nguva anovengwa
En Roma yekare ndidzo dzaive mhuka dzinovaraidza uye mukati Ijipiti yekare Vairemekedzwa savanamwari vechokwadi. Even the Scots Vakambofunga kuti kuva nemumwe kumba kwaibatsira kuti mhanza isasvike. Nhasi, zvisinei, kana ukawana a katsi nhema mumugwagwa, kuchine vanoroya neminyengetero, uye vanotenda mashura zvikuru vanogona kutochinja nzira yavo.
Muchokwadi, zvinotendwa kuti inoyevedza shamwari ine makumbo mana ndiye mutakuri wenhamo nematambudziko. Kwemakore gumi nemashanu, Zuva reBlack Cat Inopembererwa wega waMbudzi 17, zuva rakatsaurirwa kittens dzine ruvara rwehusiku nechinangwa, zvakare, chekusimudzira kutorwa kwavo. Asi Sei katsi nhema ichiunza rombo rakanaka? ?
Zvikonzero zvekutenda mashura uku zvinofanirwa kutsvakwa mu Middle Ages, apo muroyi akapisa. Papa Gregory IX aidavira kuti makati aya aibatanidzwa nemadhimoni uye saka akarayira kuparadzwa kwavo.
Kutanga ndidzo katsi chena dzakaunza rombo rakanaka
MuEngland, rutendo rwekuti katsi nhema dzinounza rombo rakanaka raive rakapesana nezviri kutendwa izvozvi. Ndidzo katsi chena dzainzi dzakashata.
Chikonzero chekutendeuka uku kwerombo apo dema ndiyo chena nyowani inogona kuwanikwa kunze kwenyika. KuAmerica kwaive nechaiye kufitwa nevaroyi, huroyi, katsi nhema - mhuka dzinowanzofambidzana dzevaroyi- dzakabatwa nemadhimoni uye kutenda mashura uku kuripo nanhasi netsika yeHalloween. Yese yeHalloween manomano kana bhegi rekubata rine nhanga, chiremwaremwa, uye katsi nhema!
Katsi nhema dzakasvibiswa nevaAmerica panguva iyo vagari vekuBritain vaitanga makoroni muNew England. Madzibaba ekutanga aya vaive maKristu echokwadi aitambudza zvese zvavaiona sehuroyi. Varoyi nekatsi dzavo vaionekwa nekutya neruvengo uye katsi nhema dzaionekwa kunyanya dzemadhimoni. Vanogara vachionekwa muzvinyorwa zvenguva yacho.
Chiratidzo chekare chekuAmerica cherombo rakaipa chakatanga kukanganisa kutenda mashura kwekatsi nhema yakanaka uye katsi chena yakaipa mushure mefirimu ra1934. katsi nhema, nyeredzi Bela Legosi naBoris Karloff (vakakurumbira nemabasa avo muDracula naFrankenstein mumakore gumi akafanana). Dingindira remufirimu uyu raibva panyaya pfupi yemunyori wekuAmerica Edgar Allan Poe, yakatanga kubudiswa muna 1843. Kutengeswa kwemanyorerwo eHalloween kweAmerica mumakumi emakore achangopfuura kwakagadza kutenda mashura uku kwekatsi nhema semhuka inofanira kutyiwa mumatombo.
Ko katsi nhema dzinounza rombo rakanaka here? Zvinoreva, kutenda mashura uye zvitendero zvakakurumbira
Zvinorehwa nekutenda mashura kwakabatana nekatsi nhema uye mavambo echitendero chakakurumbira ichi hazvina zvimwe zvinokurudzira pasi rose. Kunyange zvakadaro, inopfuudzwa kubva kuchizvarwa kuenda kune chimwe chizvarwa, kusvikira nhasi.
Kufanana nekutenda mashura kupi zvako kwekuzviremekedza, yakakomberedzwa ne aura yechakavanzika iyo inonakidza zvikuru vanoda kuziva. Asi, chitendero chokuti katsi nhema inounza nhamo inobva kupi?
Katsi nhema inounza rombo rakanaka nekuda kwevaroyi (imwe nyaya yatichataura gare gare, varoyi)
Sezvatakambotaura kare, katsi nhema inonzi inokwanisa kuunza "nhamo yakaipa" kubva kuEurope yekare, apo iyi mhuka ine vhudzi rakasviba yakabatanidzwa nenyika yevaroyi uye yakatendwa kuva muzukuru wavo. Kushamwaridzana nevaroyi uku kwakaita kuti vaone katsi dzeusiku idzi sevanhu vane ngozi yenguva iyoyo nokuti vakavayeuchidza nezvepasi, rufu, kuchema.
Dzakanga dziri mhuka dzaikwanisa kuona usiku, uye akatenda kuti uyu “muunzi wenhamo” akanga akaputirwa nerima akanga akagarwa nadhiabhorosi.
Nguva refu yapfuura kubva ipapo, asi zvinosuruvarisa kuti vakaramba varipo mhedzisiro yekutenda mashura nezvekatsi nhema dzakaunza rombo rakanaka. Runyerekupe rwemahara uye rune runyerekupe pamusoro pemhuka dzinotapira idzi dzinotarisira kuti dzichangove ndangariro dziri kure. Mhuri dzakawanda uye dzinofunga kutora katsi nhema, kuigamuchira kumba uye kunakidzwa nayo kurumbidza uye rudo.
Zvinorevei kana katsi nhema yayambuka mugwagwa?
Mune mamwe mativi enyika, kubatanidza England mazana mashomanene amakore apfuura, nzira yekatsi nhema inoyambuka mugwagwa yakanga ine basa. Kana katsi yaiyambuka kubva kuruboshwe kuenda kurudyi yaireva rombo rakanaka, kana yakazviita nenzira yakapesana, rombo rakanaka. Saizvozvowo, kana kati ikauya kwauri, zvinoreva rombo rakanaka, asi kana ikabva, zvinotora rombo rakanaka. Naizvozvo, kudzingirira katsi dema kubva mubindu kana kubva mumba kunounza rombo rakanaka.
Iyo quintessential chiratidzo chekutiza katsi nhema ndipo painofa. Zvinonzi muna 1640, Mambo Carlos I akataura kuti rombo rakanaka rakakonzerwa nekatsi nhema uye aityira zuva apo upenyu hwake hupfumbamwe hwaizoguma. Katsi iyi ichangofa, Charles, uyo akanga akundwa neChirungu Civil War, akasungwa ndokugurwa musoro.
Black katsi uye anarchists
Muchokwadi, kubva kumavambo ekuma1900, mukati meAmerican neEuropean Union zvematongerwo enyika, katsi nhema yaitora chirevo chine chekuita nepfungwa yemhirizhonga.
katsi nhema nemakororo
Asi imwe nyaya inoshorawo varombo katsi nhema ... apo katsi nhema dzakanga dzisiri inozivikanwa typology muEurope vakasvika negungwa. akaunzwa nemakororo, vakanga vavaisa muzvikepe zvavo kuvhima mbeva. Uye pakamira ngarava yemakororo pachiteshi, katsi idzi ndidzo dzakatanga kudzika. Muchidimbu, pavakaonana katsi nhema muguta vanhu vakanzwisisa kuti vakanga vasvika vapambi Kubva ipapo zvichinzi zvinounza rombo rakanaka, asi nhasi tingati nguva dzemakororo dziri kure kwazvo, yasvika nguva yekuti tisiyane nemamwe mashura.
Zvinorevei kurota katsi nhema?
Zvisinganzwisisike, zvakazvimiririra uye zvine chimiro chakanaka, muchiratidzo chehope katsi inozadzwa nezvakawanda zvinoreva.
Pakati peizvi pane chiratidzo chehukadzi, kunyengedza, hupombwe uye zvepabonde. Iyo katsi nhema inomiririrawo chakavanzika chekusaziva, hunhu, kusika, simba uye hutsinye.
Kunyanya, kurota kwekati nhema kunogona kuva a kutaura kwekusaziva iyo inoshandura mukunyanya kudiwa kwekupandukira uye kusununguka kune iyo ruvara rutema runobatanidzwa, iyo, mundima yeroto, ndiyo chiratidzo chekusaziva, chechakavanzika chinotyisa. yeimwe kushaiwa uye kutya aripo muchiitiko icho munhu asingazive anoda kunongedzera.
Ko katsi nhema inounza rombo rakanaka kunyika dzipi?
Nekudaro, ngano uye mashura pamusoro pekatsi nhema inounza rombo rakashata hazvizivikanwe nenzira imwechete nemunhu wese!
- Spain, Italy uye USA.USA inoramba yakabatana nechitendero chemavambo echitendero. Vanhu ava, chokwadi, havatenderwi kusangana kana kuva nekatsi nhema. as in China, rudzi urwu rwekati runobatanidzwa nenzara nehurombo.
- Mune dzimwe nyika kufanana neJapan, England uye Germany, katsi nhema inoita seinounza rombo rakanaka uye kuva talisman yechokwadi ine mabhenefiti ane chiuru.
- MuScotland katsi nhema dzinoonekwa sechiratidzo chekubudirira.
- En Germany, zvichienderana nekuti vanoyambuka sei mugwagwa, kubva kurudyi kuenda kuruboshwe, kana zvakasiyana, vanogona kuve chiratidzo cherombo rakanaka kana rakaipa.
- munyika yeceltic, katsi ine hunhu uhu chaive chiratidzo chakanaka kumukadzi aitsvaga murume.
- muIslam, kune rumwe rutivi, katsi ine hupenyu hunomwe (sabaa'arwah) aidiwa zvikuru neMuporofita Muhammad uye achiri kuremekedzwa zvikuru uye akasununguka kufamba asinganetswa mumaguta mazhinji echiMuslim.
- muBurma zvaitendwa kuti mweya yevakafa, isati yasvika mushure mekufa, yakatora chimiro chekati.
- muLatviaKune rumwe rutivi, kuberekwa kwekatsi dema kunoratidza kuti pachava negoho rakanaka.
- Mukutenda mashura kwevafambisi vezvikepe vanhu vaida kuva pakati pekatsi nhema nokuti vaionekwa semazango erombo rakanaka, kwete chete kune avo vainakidzwa nekuvapo kwavo (saka mhuri dzakamirira kudzoka kwavo) asiwo sechiratidzo chekudzivirirwa kune avo vakatarisana nerwendo mugungwa. .
Gladstone, katsi nhema yeWhitehall
Tsika dzekatsi nhema dzinounza rombo rakanaka dzinogara mukati memoyo chaiwo wehurumende yeBritish. Whitehall yakatora katsi akati wandei mumakore apfuura mune yechinyakare basa rekubata makonzo. Vazhinji vacho vaive katsi nhema, kusanganisira iye zvino ari pachigaro, Gladstone, akatanga basa rake zviri pamutemo mudare reCabinet muna 2016.
Hazvishamisi kuziva kuti Gladstone katsi nhema inyanzvi yezvenhau. yakakurumbira kwazvo instagram peji zvinomuita mumwe wemakatsi matema ane mukurumbira pasi rose.
Nyamavhuvhu 17: Black Cat Valuation Day
Yakatambwa nenyika dzinotaura Chirungu, Black Cat Kukoshesa Zuva ndiro zuva rekuti STOP mashura eupenzi zvinoenderana nenyika yekatsi dzese vatema, pakati pezvakanyanya kunaka uye zvinoyevedza zvienzaniso zviripo.
November 17: zuva rose rakatsaurirwa kukati! rima !
Kana nhoroondo isati yave nerupo zvakanyanya neiyi mhuka ine ruvara rwetara, iyo Association for Animal Rights uye Environment (Aidaa) inogadza kubvira 2003 mutambo wekatsi nhema, iyo ine chinangwa chokubvisa mashura ari seri kwekambwa iyi nemafungiro akatsunga asi akadzikama.
Chinangwa, zvisinei, chiri pamusoro pezvese kudzivirira mhuka idzi kuti dzisaparadzwe nekuda kwezvinangwa zveesoteric kana zvakabatanidzwa nezvitendero zvakakurumbira uye satanism.
Hazvina kungoerekana zvaitika kuti zuva re Día yeBlack Cat inofananidzirwa ne nhamba 17. Nhamba iyi, chaizvoizvo, munhamba ine nyaya yakafanana neyeiyi mhuka nhema.
Ko katsi nhema dzinobva kupi?
Muchivanhu, katsi nhema dzevaroyi dzine midzi iri kure kure. Mungano dzechiGiriki, Hecate, mwarikadzi wamashiripiti, aiva nekatsi nhema yaichimbova Galinthias., muranda waHera (mudzimai waZeusi). Akanga amushandura kuva kati yakasviba sechirango chekuedza kudzivirira kuberekwa kwaHercules.
MuShakespeare's colorful nhamo Macbeth, mufananidzo weHecate unoonekwa (kunyangwe katsi nhema isina kutaurwa).
Kutenda mashura kwese kwekatsi parutivi, katsi nhema ingori katsi ine huwandu hwakanyanya hwe melanin inoita kuti mvere dzayo dzive dema. Katsi dzese-dzitema hadziwanzo kusanganisa uye makumi maviri nemaviri chete emhando dzekatsi dzinozivikanwa dzinotendwa kuti dzine marudzi-matema ese.