Rwizi rweAmazon: Nhoroondo, Kwakabva, Hunhu uye nezvimwe

El Amazon River, ndiyo hombe pane zvese, iyo ine hombe yehydrographic basin, yakakura kwazvo, yakareba uye ine simba. Ine hudzamu hwakasiyana uye inopiwawo chikamu cheshanu chekuyerera kwerwizi rwePlanet Earth. Tsvaga pano zvese zvakatenderedza rwizi urwu runoshamisa muSouth America.

Amazon River

Zvinoshamisa, zvinoshamisa uye kunyange zvinoshamisa Amazon River, ine nzizi dzinoyerera dzinopfuura 1.000 XNUMX dzinodira mvura yadzo kuti dzipe runako rwayo. Pakati pekufamba kwayo, rwizi rwerwizi rwakakamurwa kuita zvikamu zvishanu zvakaonekwa, zvinoti:

• Ucayali
• Cashew
• Amazon
• solimões
• Amazon

Rwizi rweAmazon runoyerera nemunyika dzePeru, Colombia neBrazil, dziri kuSouth America. Kuyerera kwayo kunopfuura 219.000 cubic metres emvura pasekondi. Iyo ine nzvimbo yekuitisa chikamu chechishanu chemvura yerwizi runyoro rwepasi.

Iyo Hydrographic Basin iyo yainayo inovhara nzvimbo huru yeNorth nharaunda yeSouth America Continent. Mupfungwa iyi, ndiyo yekutanga kufarirwa pamberi pevazhinji Matambudziko ezvakatipoteredza yakagadzirwa nemunhu. Nokudaro, kukanganisa kwayo uye kuitika kune pasi rose.

Vatsvagiri vakapa data rinosimbisa kuti simba reRwizi rweAmazon rine nyasha dzekuendesa kumhepo. Kuburikidza nemuitiro we evapotranspiration, inofungidzirwa kuti matani matiriyoni manomwe emvura mukati megore.

Kuve iyi inobatsira iyo inobvumidza iwe kupa, kuchengetedza kana kuchengetedza mamiriro ekunze ane hunyoro hunhu uye yakadzikama mvura. Izvo zvinoita kuti zvive nyore kupa kudzivirira kwakakodzera kusango kuitira kuti moto usatange. Mushure mekuita kunoenderera mberi kwekupisa kana kutonhora kwezvakatipoteredza, umo mhepo ine simba guru.

Inodurura mvura dzayo muAtlantic Ocean. Kufara kwaro kunoenderana nehukuru hunowanikwa nevari kukura. Kuuya kunzvimbo dzemafashamo dzine huwandu hwemativi ese ari pakati pe20 ne50 makiromita. Zvitsuwa zvakati kuti zviri munzira yayo uye kune zvakare materu. Saka zvichiibvumira kuburitsa bhiriyoni imwe metric matani emarara gore negore.

Toponymy yeRwizi rweAmazon

Maererano neRoyal Spanish Academy yeMutauro, ichitaura nezvemaitiro ayo emitauro, izwi iri kubva kuRwizi rweAmazon rinoreva:

"Bazi reOnomastics rinoongorora kwakabva mazita enzvimbo, pamwe chete nezvainoreva etyms yavo".

Kubva kune iyo etymon, inopawo zvinoreva:

"Mudzi kana izwi rinobva kune rimwe."

Tichifunga ipapo, kuti toponymy, inoreva, kunobva zita rakapihwa nzvimbo. Imomo, nhau inotaura kuti muSpain Francisco de Orellana, ndiye anobhapatidza nezita iri rwizi rune nyasha dzokuva ndirwo rune mwero wakakwirira zvikurusa wokuyerera papasi.

Muna 1541, mushure mekuve muEurope wekutanga kuifambisa zvizere kusvika kumuromo wayo, akafadzwa nekuti rwizi urwu rwaingova nehunhu hwekuyambuka America kubva kune rimwe divi kuenda kune rimwe. Francisco de Orellana paanodzokera kuSpain mushure mekufamba kwake, anorondedzera zvose zvakaitika kwavari uye zvavakaona.

Anotanga nekutsanangura chikonzero chakaita kuti arasikirwe neziso. Anotaurawo nezve kurwiswa kwebrigantines, izvo zvikepe zvine maitiro emasteti maviri uye sikweya kana denderedzwa seiri. Imo kurwiswa kwakadaro kwakaitwa nevakadzi vakawanda vehugamba hwakakwana.

Neunyanzvi hwakakwana hweuta hwavo nemiseve. Kupi nekuda kwekurwiswa kwevakadzi uku, ndiko kuti kuburikidza nerondedzero yake, anoita sarudzo yekuidana rwizi rweAmazon. Mukukudzwa kwenyaya dzaHomer pachake umo vakadzi vengano varwi vanorondedzerwa vanouya kuzorwa kuva naHeracles semukwikwidzi, pamwe chete naAchilles. Kusvikira pakupedzisira, raive nezita rayo chairo Amazon River.

Hurefu uye Muromo weRwizi rweAmazon

Kugadzira kureba kwayo kwechokwadi kwaive kwenguva yakareba nyaya yekupokana kwakazara, nekuti pakutanga data rerefu rakabatwa neRwizi rweNile.Asi izvi hazvisizvo, Rwizi rwaNile rune kureba kwe6.853 makiromita, nepo Amazon. Rwizi rune kureba kwe7.062 makiromita, ndiko kuti, mutsauko we209 makiromita.

Izvo mushure mezvidzidzo zvakawanda uye kuongorora, zvakazosimbiswa muna 2010, kuti iyo Amazon River, ndiyo yakareba kwazvo pasi rose. Nehupamhi hunosvika makiromita makumi mashanu muzvikamu zvakananga izvo zvinoenderana nemafashamu anomuka. Kunze kwekuve iyo ine kuyerera kwepamusoro, kuve nechikamu chechishanu chemvura yakachena mumamiriro emvura paPlaneti Pasi.

Rwizi rweAmazon rune muromo muAtlantic Ocean, kunyanya muAtlantic Coast yeBrazil. Mushure mekusvika kuyambuka South America munzira yekuMadokero-kuMabvazuva. Iine iyo inofukidza gomo, iro rinoenderana nezita rakapihwa kana rwizi ruchiyerera mugungwa, rwakakura, makiromita angangoita 240 kureba.

Nzvimbo yeRwizi rweAmazon

Rwizi rweAmazon rune kwarwo muQuebrada Apacheta, iri pamateru eNevado Quehuisha, muDhipatimendi reArequipa munyika yePeru. Chaiyo 5.150 metres pamusoro pegungwa. Kusvikira yasvika pamuromo wayo, muAtlantic Ocean, mushure mekufamba makiromita ayo 7.062 mukureba, mushure mekutanga rwendo rwayo muPeru nekupfuura nemuColombia neBrazil.

Mvura

Urwu rwizi rukuru, rwakanyorwa kuti ndirwo rune kuyerera kwepamusoro-soro pasi rose, pamwe chete nerworwo rwakareba, rune gidhi remvura rinofukidza 7,05 miriyoni mativi emakiromita. Iyo yakanyanya kurekodhwa kudzika ndeye 100 metres.

Kune rimwe divi, kuwedzera kweHydrographic Basin yeRwizi rweAmazon, kunotora, kunosanganisira kana kuisa huwandu hwemarudzi mapfumbamwe eSouth America, ayo ari:

• Venezuela
• Korombiya
• Brasil
• Guyana
• Suriname
• French Guiana
• Peru
• Ekwadho
• Borivhiya

Nhoroondo uye Kwakabva Rwizi rweAmazon

Pakati pe Hunhu hwemunhu, simba rayo rekufunga nekutsvaga rakanyanya kunaka, ndosaka pasina mubvunzo kuti nhoroondo, mavambo. Pamwe nekuwanikwa kweiyo yava kunzi Rwizi rweAmazon, yave iri nyaya yekukurukurirana, kukakavara, zvidzidzo uye kuongorora kwemakore mazhinji.

Zvinozivikanwa kuti mugore re1540, Gonzalo Pizarro Alonso, mukundi werudzi rwechiSpanish uye munun'una kudivi rababa vake zvakare mukundi Francisco Pizarro. Ndiani ane mbiri yekuve imwe yenhengo huru uye mutambi weKukunda kwePeru. Zvakaenzana izvo zvezviito zvakatorwa kubva muhondo dzevagari vemo nepakati pevakundi. Anoenda kuQuito, iro nhasi riri guta guru reEcuador.

Kisimusi yegore 1541 inosvika uye Gonzalo Pizarro Alonso anowana yekutanga chizvarwa cheLos Canelos, kubva munzvimbo ino, kuti Nyika yeCinnamon ionekwe. Ave munzvimbo iyoyo, Gonzalo Pizarro anopa Francisco de Orellana mvumo yekuenda nevafambidzani makumi mashanu kuRío de la Canela, iyo inozivikanwa seRío Napo.

Pakasvika gore ra1542, Francisco de Orellana akanga ava kufamba nomumvura dzeRio Grande de las Amazonas. Munzvimbo iyi vanosarudza kuvaka chikepe chinenge chakakura, chavanopa zita rekuti Victoria. Vanoenderera mberi nerwendo rwavo uye muna Kubvumbi 24, 1542 vanokwaziswa nechisimba nevagari vemo veMachifaro vanhu vekuBrazil.

Pakasvika May 23, vanoyambuka Rwizi rwePurús uye pashure pemazuva mashoma vanosvika panotangira Rwizi rweNegro. Pashure pezvinetso, pana August 26 wegore rimwe chetero, 1542, vakapinda muNorth Sea.

Kupera kwerwendo

Gungwa reNorth ndiyo yava kunzi Atlantic Ocean. Norwendo rwose urwu, vakauya kuzoongorora kubva pakuzvarwa yavakadana kuti Amazon yePeruvia Andes. Asi qualification iyi inongo zivikanwa murudzi rweBrazil, kana iine confluence yayo neNegro River. Izvo zvinoenderana nechikamu chekutanga chenharaunda yeBrazil ine zita reSolimões.

Kune chikamu chayo, chirevo ichi chakagadzira misoro yemakakatanwa akazara uye akazara, nekuti kune avo vanosimbisa kuti Rwizi rweAmazon rwune kwarwo muPeru, nepo vamwe vachiti kwarwo ndereBrazil.

Iro zita rinoverengerwa kuna Francisco de Orellana, uyo mushure menyaya yerwendo rwake muSpain, anoipa zita reRwizi rweAmazon, mushure mekubatanidza izvo zvaakasangana nazvo nenyaya dzaHomer pachake. Aizongozivikanwa chete kuti Amazon River.

Kwakabva Rwizi rweAmazon

Zvidzidzo uye kuferefetwa kwakaitwa, zvakabatsira muna 1996, kuti "glacial League" muNevado Mismi, rinova gomo rine kuputika kwegomo re5.822 metres pamusoro pegungwa. Inowanikwa muCordillera de Los Andes, inova yeDhipatimendi reArequipa muPeru. Kuti itorwe senzvimbo yekare yeRwizi rweAmazon.

A "glacial tongue" inofananidzwa nehuwandu hwechando, kureva, yechando, iyo inoyerera ichidzika mugomo mushure mekubatsira kwekuita kwesimba rinokwevera zvinhu pasi. Kufamba uku, kunoitwa kamwe kamwe, kunoparira kuchera mudombo. Mupfungwa iyi, “rurimi rwechando” ruchafanira kupinda nokuzvipinza muvhu, iro richabudisa mupata wakaita se“U” painodzokera shure.

Ongororo iyi yakave nehumbowo hwayo muna 2001 uye yakadzokororwa kusimbiswa muna 2007 nenyanzvi munzvimbo iyi.

Chii chinoitika kumvura inobva patsime rayo?

Mvura inobva kutsime rayo, kureva, kubva kuNevado Mismi, ine nzira inotevera:

• Vanotora kosi yakanangidzirwa kune mbiri Quebradas Carhuasanta neApacheta.
• Zvadaro, Rwizi rweLloqueta runoumba, runova Rwizi rweHornillos.
• Ipapo mvura idzi dzichayerera nemurwizi Apurimac.
• Rwizi rweApurimac runoratidzwa nekuve mutero weRwizi rweUcayali, rune hunhu hwekuve imwe yenzizi huru dzerudzi rwePeru.
• Kune chikamu chayo, Rwizi rweUcayalí ​​​​ruchava nekubatana kana kubatana neRwizi rwaMarañón, zvakare rwenyika yePeruvia, iyo ichapa rwizi rweAmazon ine simba uye isingaenzaniswi.

Main Tributaries yeRwizi rweAmazon

Mvura, iyo inokosha chikamu chemvura zvakatipoteredza zvinhu, nokuti ndiwo manyuko anokosha oupenyu hwezvinhu zvose zvinoumba Nyika. Imo nzizi dzinomiririra chikamu chakakosha mukuita kweHydrological Cycle uye kuenzanisa kwezvakatipoteredza. Ichiri chidzidzo chinofanira kuitwa nenzira yakakwana, chaiyo uye yakadzama.

Ndokusaka Amazon River, yave kwenguva yakareba iyo protagonist yezvidzidzo zvakawanda uye kuongorora, kusvikira ichipa iyo yakanyatsokodzera kutaurwa iyo inofambidzana nayo nhasi. Kana yaiswa serwizi rwunopa mupiro wakanyanya, mushure mekupa chikamu cheshanu chemvura yakachena inodiwa kuti hupenyu huenderere mberi.

Kuongorora kwavo kunoratidza kuti mukati menguva yayo ine mupiro weanopfuura 1.000 tributaries, iyo iyo inosvika panzvimbo yerwizi rukuru. Kunze kwekurebesa kwenzizi dzese dzinoumba pasi rose. Kuve pakati penzizi huru, kubva kuruboshwe nekurudyi kumucheto, zvinotevera:

Kuruboshwe

Kuruboshwe, nzizi dzinotevera ndidzo huru dzinoyerera:

• Putumayo: Iyo ine kuzvarwa kwayo muNudo de los Pastos, muColombia, kusarudza kana kutsanangura, panguva yerwendo rwayo, muganho pakati penyika dzeColombia, Peru neEcuador. Muromo waro uri muRwizi rweSolimões, Rwizi rweAmazon kuBrazil. Nekuda kwehudzamu hwayo, inofambika munzira ingangoita yayo yese. Matunhu ayo makuru iGuamúez, San Miguel neIgara Paraná Rivers.

• Napo: Rwizi urwu runobva kuEcuador. Iine matarenda maviri akakosha zvikuru, ari Rwizi rweCararay kubhanga rekurudyi uye Rwizi rweAguarico kubhanga rekurudyi. Kuyerera kwayo kwakatanhamara zvekuti ine humbowo hwekufambiswa nechikepe nekuda kwekuwedzera kunoumba dunhu rePeru. Kukura kwayo kunotanga munaFebruary uye kunopera munaAugust.

• Nanay: Ndirwo rwizi muPeru. Iyo ine kwainotangira muRwizi rwePintuyacu uye iri pakati peTigre neNapo nzizi kumahombekombe ekuruboshwe eRwizi rweAmazon. Inobatanidza imwe yenzizi nhatu dzinoganhurana nerinonzi jungle guta reIquitos, richirishandura kuva chitsuwa. Rwizi rweMomón runoyerera ichipinda mairi, neRwizi rwePintuyacu serwizi rwarwo rukuru, kubva kwarwo rwunogamuchirawo mvura dzeRwizi Chambira.

Rudyi kumucheto

Kubhangi rekurudyi, nzizi dzinotevera ndidzo huru dzinoyerera:

• Yavari: Iyo ine yakasarudzika yekutsanangura muganho panguva yayo pakati penyika dzePeru neBrazil, nenzira yechisikigo. Iyo ine kwainotangira muPeru, muSierra del Divisor, padhuze nezvinoyerera zveRwizi Ipixuma uye inoyerera ichipinda muBrazil, muRwizi rweAmazon - Rwizi rweSolimões.

• Yurua: Inowanikwa muPeru, kumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumabvazuva kwePuerto Portillo, panzvimbo dzakakwirira dzeRwizi rweUcayali. Nehurefu hwayo hwemakiromita 3.350, iri pakati penzizi 30 dzakareba kwazvo pasi rose. Inoyerera nemuAmazonas neAcre nyika dzeBrazil. Muromo waro uri muRwizi rweSolimões (Amazonas). Nharaunda dzayo ndeidzi: Rwizi Ipixuma kubhanga rekuruboshwe uye Gregorio, Tarauacá, Xeruá, Chamorro Gueré neAndurá Rivers kubhanga rekurudyi. Inoganhura muganho pakati pePeru neBrazil.

• Purus: Iinewo simba rekushanda semuganhu wechisikigo, kuisa muganhu pakati pePeru neBrazil, muchikamu chipfupi. Tsime rayo riri muSierra Contamana (Fitzcarrald Arch), kumucheto kwekumaodzanyemba kweRwizi rweUcayali. Ndiwo mutero mukuru wekupedzisira wekurudyi kumahombekombe erwizi rweSolimões.

• Amai vaMwari: Rwizi urwu rune basa rine simba rekuunganidza mvura yose inowanikwa munzvimbo dzeAndes neCentral, kusvikira inopinda muRwizi rweAmazon. Inoyambuka nemugero wayo nyika dzePeru neBolivia. Kunobva kuCordillera de Vilcanota, makomo ari kumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumabvazuva kwePeru.

Amazon River Climate

Nezvemamiriro ekunze, the Amazon River, kune mvura yakawanda, saka kunaya zvakanyanya. Kunze kwezvo, ine misiyano yayo, uko kunogona kuva nemwedzi yokusanaya kwemvura yakakwana kana kuti pasina mvura. Mwedzi yekunaya nguva nenguva kubva muna Chivabvu kusvika Zvita.

Kazhinji mamiriro ekunze anoti:

• Humid tropical, tropical jungle, kunaya kana equatorial equatorial, iyo inoratidza avhareji tembiricha yepagore inosvika 26°C. Precipitations Yayo ine shanduko yakasiyana pakati pezvikamu zve2.500 uye 3.500 millimeters. Humidity inotsanangura kukosha kunoshanduka kutenderedza 83%.
• Inodziya, umo mune mwaka wekunaya kwemwaka uye nekuda kweizvi kune hunyoro hunoramba huripo munharaunda. Chikonzero chemamiriro ekunze aya imhaka yekuva pedyo kwayo neiyo equatorial zone. Kupa kuenzana mumamiriro ekunze akaitika musango rinopisa.
• Tembiricha iri pedyo neRwizi rweAmazon inosiyana zvachose, nekuti zvinoenderana nehurefu uye nzvimbo. Kunyoresa nzvimbo uko kune nyore kusvika 27 ° C, sezvakaita iyo inoitika mu "rwizi delta". Nepo kune dzimwe nzvimbo inogona kuva ne40 ° C, seyo inowanikwa mu "Western Amazon".

Flora uye Fauna dzeRwizi rweAmazon

Musiyano wehurefu unowanikwa neRwizi rweAmazon mukati mekufamba kwarwo ndiwo unogonesa kuwanda uye kwakasiyana Hunhu hwezvipenyu zvakasiyana-siyana mu ecosystem yayo yose. Pakuzodaro, zvine basa rekuva ne endemic kana kuti mhuka dzayo dzisipo mune mamwe matunhu.

Nyanzvi kuburikidza nezvidzidzo zvavo uye tsvakurudzo dzakaratidza kuti pedyo neAmazon kune mamiriyoni emamiriyoni e400.000 miti. Tichifunga kuti zvipenyu zvayo maererano nepasi rose zvinomiririra 10%. Mupfungwa iyi, pane zvinotevera maruva nemhuka zvakakodzera:

Flora

Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti Amazon River Yakakomberedzwa nezvinomera zvakakura, umo nzvimbo yega yega inochengeta chakavanzika, meseji uye pamwe kunyange nyaya. Munzvimbo ino kukwezva uye kukwezva zviripo uye ndezvekuti kufadza iwe une anopfuura 60.000 marudzi emiti. Pakati pezvauinazvo:

• Kushongedza, nemaruva uye mashizha akanaka ayo ari kushongedza uye kuratidzwa kunoshongedza rwizi rwakakura zvakadaro.
• Yakasiyana-siyana yemiti yemishonga, inopa rubatsiro kubva kune hutano.
• Miti yemumvura.
• Kukura kwakasiyana-siyana kwematanda ekunze.
• Miti yakakosha yakakosha uye kune humwe hurefu, pakati pevamwe.

Ndicho chikonzero nei zvakakosha kumisa kupatsanurwa kwezvinomera, maererano nezvino, uye kuva nezvinotevera:

• Mainland: Miti iyi ndiyo inowanikwa munzvimbo dzakakwirira uye idzo, zvakare, idzo dzisingakanganisirwe nemafashamu, pese panoitika mafashama. Kuvapo kwayo ndiko kunoonekwa kuburikidza nemiti ine mashizha, uko kureba kunonyatsokosheswa. Mienzaniso yezvinomera izvi Pará Chestnut uye Palm Trees.
• Swamp: Miti yemachakwi ndiyo inogona kuonekwa pedyo nekusangana nemvura (rwizi), uko kunowanzoita kuti inyorove, pamwe chete nekuputirwa nemafashamo kana mvura inoramba ichinaya. Mienzaniso yeiyi mosses, shrubs, mizambiringa, pakati pezvimwe.
• Mupata: Miti iyi ndiyo inosangana nemafashamo nguva nenguva, kureva kuti, inoburitsa musanganiswa wezvinomera zvepanyika, munzvimbo yakati pfuurei zvishoma. Ichiri munzvimbo yepasi, inopa machakwi.

Mhando dzemiti

Pakati pemhando dzemiti dzinonyanya kukosha ndezvinotevera:

• Orchids, nekuvapo kwemarudzi anopfuura 20.000.
• Canangucha, ndiwo muchindwe unogona kuonekwa pamahombekombe erwizi.
• Bromeliad, ine marudzi anopfuura zviuru zviviri, inogona kuonekwa mumarudzi akasiyana-siyana akadai setsvuku, yepepuru, orenji nebhuruu. Zvakajairika kuaona ari pasi uye mumiti.
• Epiphyte, ndiyo inoratidzwa pahunde, matavi kana mashizha.
• Howa dzinogara dzichiratidzwa nekuda kwekunyorova, kuve nemhando dzakasiyana dzemaumbirwo, saizi uye mavara. Saizvozvo, nzvimbo yavanogadzika haichinji.
• Amazon Victoria kana Victoria Regia, iruva remumvura (float), rinomiririra zvinomera zveRwizi rweAmazon. Mashizha ayo ane chimiro chedenderedzwa, ane ruva rinovhura usiku chete, nehupamhi hunoshamisa hwemasendimita makumi mana. Shizha remuti uyu wemumvura ndiro rakakura pasi rose, uye rinogona kusvika pahupamhi hwemamita maviri.
• Misidhari Machena uye Matsvuku.
• Chestnut kubva kuPara.
• Mahogany.
• Angelim Pedra.
• Heveas, pakati pevamwe.

fauna of

Nezve fauna, zvinoshamisa kuziva kuti Amazon River Pamwe chete nezvinomera zvaro zvakakura, inzvimbo inogara mamiriyoni emarudzi emhuka. Uko kwakasiyana-siyana kwacho kunosanganisira hove, shiri, zvinokambaira nemhuka dzinoyamwisa, umo mukushamiswa kwavakawanda, inogarawo chiverengero chakati chezvipenyu zvisati zvaongororwa nokuiswa mumapoka, zvisingazivikanwi kuvanhu. Pakati pekusiyana kwayo kwakakura, zvinotevera zvinomira pachena:

• Hove: Pamhuka idzi zvinowanzoitika kuwana piranha, kudengenyeka (magetsi eel), ray, catfish, sapoara, guabina, pakati pezvimwe.
• Shiri: Pamarudzi eshiri, 20% yeavo varipo paPlanet Earth inowanikwa muAmazon. Pakati pedzakatanhamara pane macaw, gondo, toucan, woodpecker, sparrowhawk, paují, pakati pezvimwe.
• Zvipuka Pamhando iyi yemhuka, anaconda yakakurumbira, turtle dzepasi uye dzemvura, tragavenado nyoka, mapanare uye cuaima zvinowanikwa nyore. Pamwe chete negarwe rakajairika, slime crocodile, morrocoy, Orinoco alligator, pakati pevamwe.
• Mammals: Pamhando iyi, kuvepo kwemhando dzakasiyana dzetsoko dzakaita sehure, kurira, titi netsoko dzine kumeso chena dzinobuda pachena. Saizvozvowo, kune tapir, palmero bere, puma, fox, jaguar, pink dolphin, squirrel yeAmazonian, pakati pevamwe.
• endemic marudzi: Pane idzi, green anaconda, black caiman, the pygmy marmoset monkey, hyacinth macaw, pink dolphin, armadillo hofori, hofori yerwizi otter, South America tapir, squirrel monkey, South America rwizi turtle, pakati pevamwe. , kuva nemutsauko.

Amazon ivhu

Kazhinji, ivhu reAmazon rinotsanangurwa kuti harina kuorera uye rine jecha. Zvose izvi zvinokonzerwa nekuti inopa kushomeka maererano nekudya kwephosphate, potashi uye nitrogen. Pasina kusiya parutivi, inoratidzirwa neine yakakwira yakawanda yeasidhi.

Kune mbereko munzvimbo dzakafukidzwa nematombo ebasaltic, uko ivhu rakatsvuka muvara, iro rinowanzozivikanwa nezita rekuti "terra roxa". Kune zvakare inonzi "terra preta dos Indios", zvinoreva "nyika yevatema yemaIndia". Iyo inowanikwa munzvimbo dzakakwirira dzepamusoro, uko kwaimbova nzvimbo iyo yavakasimbiswa.

Kune rumwe rutivi, kune nzvimbo dzinonzi "várzea sango" kana "mafashamo evárzea". Ivhu iri ndiro riripo mubani remafashamo, sezvakaita ivhu riri pedyo nenzizi dzine mvura chena. Idzo dzine hunhu hwekupfuma mumamineral sediments, izvo zvinoita kuti dzive dzakaorera zvakanyanya pakurima.

Hunhu hweRwizi rweAmazon

Pakati pezvinhu zvayo zvikuru ndezvinotevera:

• Kuwanikwa kwayo kunokonzerwa nemuongorori wekuSpain Francisco de Orellana, mugore ra1541.
• Kureba kwayo kubva kwairi kusvika kumuromo wayo makiromita 7.062.
• Iine matarenda anodarika chiuru anodyisa kuyerera.
• Huwandu hwakakura kudarika matarenda makumi maviri neshanu anopa Rwizi rweAmazon, hurefu hunodarika makiromita 25.
• Yayo hydrographic basin inovhara 7,05 miriyoni mativi emakiromita.
• Ndiro sango rinopisa zvikurusa pasi rose.

• Ndiro refu uye rakapamhama pasi rose. Pamusoro pekupa kuyerera kwepamusoro.
• Bheseni rayo rinofukidza 40% yenzvimbo yeSouth America.
• Inopa chikamu cheshanu chekuyerera kwerwizi rwePlanet Earth.
• Rwizi rweAmazon rune zvikamu izvo vanhu vanogona kuyambuka netsoka.
• Kuyerera kwayo kunopfuura 219.000 cubic metres emvura pasekondi.
• Inokwanisa kusvika, muzvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana, hupamhi hwemakiromita makumi mashanu izvo zvinoenderana nekusimba kwemafashamo.
• Pamarudzi ese akanyoreswa eshiri kana Mhando dzeshiri, yepasi rose, 20% inowanikwa muAmazon.
• Inogara marudzi anopfuura 60.000 XNUMX emiti.
• Nyoka hombe pasi rose dzinogara murwizi rweAmazon, dzinova anaconda.
• Zvinopfuura zviuru zvitatu zvehove dzinozivikanwa dzinogara mumvura dzayo, umo piranha ndiyo inomiririra zvakanyanya kana yakakosha.

Zvimwe Zvinokosha

Aya anotevera akaiswawo seakakodzera maitiro anotsanangurwa, ayo ari:

• Iyo hydrographic basin inovhara nzvimbo yakakura yemarudzi mapfumbamwe, ayo anoti: Venezuela, Colombia, Brazil, Guyana, Suriname, French Guiana, Peru, Ecuador neBolivia.
• Inoyambuka kubva kune rumwe rutivi ichienda kune rumwe rutivi nyika dzePeru, Colombia neBrazil, kusvikira mvura dzayo dzoyerera muAtlantic Ocean.
• Hudzamu hwayo hudiki hwakarekodhwa ndeye 20 metres, nepo iyo yepamusoro yasvika kana kurekodhwa i100 metres.
• Iine bhiriji rimwe chete, rakavhurwa muna Gumiguru 24, 2011, pamusoro peRwizi rweNegro, pedyo neManaus, Brazil.
• MuBrazil, pa Amazon River rinozivikanwa nezita reSolimões, nepo kune avo vanotaura mutauro wechiSpanish vanongoriziva seAmazonas.
• Tembiricha yaro inosiyana zvichienderana nenzvimbo, iine nzvimbo dzine 26 ° C chete, nepo mune dzimwe inogona kunyoresa kukosha kwe40 ° C.
• Kana Rwizi rweAmazon ruchidira muAtlantic Ocean, runoita izvi murwizi runofukidza makiromita 240 muhupamhi.
• Ruvara rwebrown runogona kuonekwa mumvura dzayo nekuda kwehuwandu hwesediment iyo inotakura munzira yayo.

Kukosha kweRwizi rweAmazon

Kukosha kwe Amazon River ine hukama, kubatanidzwa kana kudyidzana nekugadzira kwairi kuita pane ecosystem uye biodiversity. Imo mune izvi zvinoumba simba guru, riri iro sango guru rinopisa pasi rose. Kuve neizvi basa rekupa oxygen kumhepo yekuve musiki mukuru uye akakosha weizvi.

Nekupa Atlantic Ocean nekuyerera kunodarika 219.000 cubic metres emvura pasekondi, inova nzvimbo huru yemvura yakachena iyo vanhu vanayo kuti vararame. Imo iyo hwerengedzo inomirira chikamu chechishanu chekuyerera kwerwizi rwePlanet Earth, iyo iyo vagari vese vanoiumba vane yekushandisa kwavo, kubva pazvinomera, mhuka, kusvika kuvanhu.

Kune nharaunda, chinhu chakakosha chakakosha chidimbu, nekuti chinopa yakakosha mvura uye oxygen. Sokuburikidza nesango raro, rinopa zviwanikwa zvesango izvo vanhu vanogona kugutsa nazvo zvavanoda. Kuva neizvozvo vanogona kunge vari chiitiko chakananga, pamwe chete nekusina kunanga. Mienzaniso inogadzira, kubviswa kwezvokudya, kushandiswa kwehuni, pakati pevamwe.

Rwizi Hamza, Rwizi runoyerera Pasi peAmazon

Rwizi rweAmazon runoperekedzwa zvinoshamisa pasi pevhu nerwizi urwu runonzi Hamza. Kuti inewo kwainotangira muCordillera de los Andes Peruanos uye kuti inofungidzirwawo kuti inomhanya nenzira imwechete nemuromo mumwechete.

Nokuti chii chaizozova rwizi rwakareba pasi pevhu pasi rose. Kunyangwe iyo qualification yerwizi, inoramba iri nyaya iri pasi pekudzidza uye kukakavara kukuru pakati pevasayendisiti vanobata iyo data uye tsvagiridzo mune izvi. Nekuti vanoti hapana chokwadi chekuti mhomho yemvura inodzidzwa zvechokwadi ine mafambiro erwizi.

Nekune rimwe divi, rwizi urwu rwakaonekwa mushure mekuchera kwakaitwa nekambani yePetrobras pakati pemakore ekuma1970 kusvika kuma1980, uko kusiri kushanda nhasi. Nekudaro, parizvino kushandisa kuchera kwakasiyana kunoitwa nemamwe mataundi eDhipatimendi reCuzco. Vanotora mvura iyi vaine chinangwa kana chinangwa chekugadzira matsime, pamwe chete nekupa mvura kuzvirimwa kuburikidza nemadiridziro.