Nhoroondo yemwari Jupiter, maitiro uye nezvimwe

VaRoma pavakasvika muGreece, vakagamuchirawo zvitendero zvetsika iyi, saka vakatanga rudzi rwekopi pakuremekedza vanamwari vavo. Uye iyi ndiyo nzira iyo mwari mukuru wevaGiriki Zeus, muzvitendero zveRoma aizomiririra mwari jupiter, chinyorwa chino chinokuratidza zvishoma nezvazvo.

JUPITER MWARI

mwari jupiter

Maererano nengano dzeRoma, mwari Jupiter ndiye mambo. Kutaura idi, anowanzonongedzerwa kwaari samambo wavamwari. Anogona kunge asiri musiki wekutanga wezvisikwa zvengano zvaidzora ngano dzechiRoman; musiyano iwoyo ndewababa vake Saturn. Asi Jupiter ndiye murume wekutanga, saZeus mungano dzechiGiriki.

Ngano dzaitonga tsika dzechitendero muRoma kusvika panguva iyo chiKristu chakunda. Saka izvozvo zvisati zvaitika, mwari ainzi Jupiter aiva mwari wepakutanga ainamatwa. Akanga ari mwari wedenga uye pamwe chete nebetsero yamadzimambo enguva iyoyo, akatanga nheyo dzechitendero cheRoma.

Uyu mwari ane zvakawanda zvakafanana naZeus uye ngano dzechiGiriki hadzina kuganhurirwa kukubatana kwake nedenga nemheni. Mwari Jupiter aive mukoma wevamwe vamwari vaviri: Neptune naPluto. Kufanana navaGiriki, mumwe nomumwe wavamwari vatatu ava aidzora nzvimbo yokuvapo: denga (Jupiter), gungwa (Neptune), uye nyika yepasi (Pluto), Jupiter ari iye ane simba zvikurusa.

Etymology uye epithets

MuchiLatin, zita rekuti "Jupiter" raiwanzoshandurwa seIūpiter kana Iuppiter (chimiro "j" chaive chisiri chikamu chekare cheLatin alphabet uye chakawedzerwa muMiddle Ages). Iro zita rine midzi miviri: imwe yaive Proto-Indo-European izwi dyeu- (mudzi mumwechete sezita rekuti "Zeus"), zvichireva "chinhu chinopenya", "denga" kana "zuva" (semuchiLatin zvinoreva zuva rinofa. ); mumwe wacho akanga ari pater, shoko rinogoverana nechiGiriki nechiLatin rinoreva kuti “baba.” Mukuwirirana neidzi kokorodzano dzokupa mazita, Jupiter pane dzimwe nguva yainzi Diespiter kana kuti Dispiter.

Zvakare, Zeus ainzi Zeu Pater muchiGiriki uye vatauri veSanskrit vakashandisa izwi rokuti Dyaus pitar (baba vematenga) kureva mwari wedenga. Zvese izvi zvinonongedza kune archetypal "baba vekudenga" mukati menhoroondo yevanhu vanotaura chiIndo-European, avo kuzivikanwa kwavo kwakaiswa munzvimbo netsika dzakakamukana nekufamba kwenguva. Jupiter yaizivikanwa neakasiyana epithets, kusanganisira:

JUPITER MWARI

  • Nekuunza kukunda, aive Iuppiter Elicius kana "Jupiter anopa chiedza."
  • Kuburitsa mheni, yaive Iuppiter Fulgur kana "Jupiter mheni".
  • Kuti ape chiedza nokupenya pazvinhu zvose, akanga ari Iuppiter Lucetius, kana kuti “Jupiter of Light,” uyewo Iuppiter Caelestis, kana kuti “Jupiter of the Heavens”.
  • Kupfuura zvose, akanga ari Iuppiter Optimus Maximus: "Jupiter, mukuru uye mukuru."

Kutanga

Mabviro aJupiter ainyanya kufanana nengano dzekusikwa kwaZeus. Pamberi paJupiter, Saturn aitonga samwari wedenga nechadenga. Zvechokwadi, hazvina kugara zvakadaro, sapamberi paSaturn, baba vake Caelus (kureva “matenga”) vakatonga, asi Saturn akapidigura baba vake ndokutora kutonga denga nokuda kwake amene.

Mushure maizvozvi, Saturn akaroora Ops uye akamusiya aine pamuviri, saka paakaziva kuburikidza nehuporofita hwaifananidzira kuwira kwake pamaoko emumwe wevana vake. Achitora chiyero chekudzivisa mupambi kuona hupenyu, akamedza vana vashanu vekutanga vakabuda mudumbu raOps. Saka apo mwana wekupedzisira akazobuda, Ops akaiviga ndokupa Saturn dombo rakaputirwa nemucheka, saka Saturn asingafungi akamedza dombo rose.

Chakatevera chakanga chiri chiitiko chakaipisisa chokusadya zvokudya munhau yengano. Asingakwanisi kugaya dombo, Saturn akaridzorera zvakare, pamwe chete nevana vashanu vaakanga amedza: Ceres, Juno, Neptune, Pluto, uye Vesta. Panguva iyi, Jupiter akanga achironga kuuraya baba vake kwakanga kwava pedyo, kwaakaronga achibatsirwa nevakoma vake nehanzvadzi. Pakarepo kuwa kweSaturn kwakauya pamaoko emwari Jupiter, uyo akabva atora kutonga kwechadenga.

Zvisinei, gare gare mwari Jupiter aizozviwana ari munzvimbo imwe chete sababa vake, Saturn. Saka mushure mekutora Metis nechisimba nekumupa pamuviri, mwari Jupiter akakundwa nekutya kuti mwana wake aive mudumbu angangomubvisa. Kuti adzivise njodzi iyi, Jupiter akamedza Metis pamwe nemwana wake aive asati azvarwa.

Kukushamisika kwaJupiter mucheche haana kukundwa, asi akaenderera mberi achikura kusvika abuda pahuma yake uye akabuda munyika. Mucheche iyeye akanga ari Minerva, mwarikadzi wouchenjeri, kufanoona, uye hondo; pakupedzisira uyu mwarikadzi akava rutivi rweCapitoline Triad inotonga.

Jupiter hunhu

Chimiro chemuviri wamwari Jupiter ndechimwe icho vanhu vanowanzofananidza naZeus kana kunyange mwari wechiKristu: murume murefu, muchena ane ndebvu chena dzinoyerera. Anotakura mudonzvo kana kuti tsvimbo, anogara pachigaro choumambo chinoyevedza, uye anowanzo komberedzwa negondo. Zvakare, zvakafanana namwari weTestamente Yekare mwari Jupiter aigona kupinza kutya muvateveri vake; kazhinji akatungamirira kusikwa kwokutya ikoko uye murutivi, kwakabetsera kuti nguva dzose aitakura mheni isingagumi.

Zvinamato zveJupiter zvakapera sezvakangoita zvitendero zvekare. Zvisinei, ngano dzake uye nzvimbo yake mutsika nemagariro zvinogara nanhasi (pamwe naZeus).

Mabasa

Samambo wevamwari nevese, mabasa amwari Jupiter aive mazhinji pakati pavo zvinotevera zvinogona kutaurwa:

  • Akaunza chiedza uye akadzora mamiriro okunze.
  • Akadzivirira muhondo uye akapa kukunda kune vakakunda.
  • Kuvapo kwake kwaidiwa munguva dzehondo, asiwo munguva yerunyararo kwaaichengeta kurongeka uye kugovera kugara zvakanaka.

JUPITER MWARI

  • Zvaifungidzirwawo kuti akanga ari mwari wedenga uye kwete denga chete, asiwo nyika chaiyo uye zvose zvakanyudzwa mairi.
  • Zvaibatanidzwa nekururamisira, kunyanya pakatangwa mhiko, zvibvumirano nezvibvumirano. Saka muRoma yekare apo vagari vemo vaive pamberi pemhiko, zvaive zvakajairika kuti vadudze mutsara wekuti "Por Jove".
  • Mwari Jupiter neimwe nzira akadzivirira Roma kubva mukupindira, kupindira uye nechisimba chekunze.

Unhu

Samwari wedenga, Jupiter akarayira mheni, mabhanan’ana, uye madutu, kungofanana naZeusi aishandisa mheni sezvombo. Zvichienderana nebasa rake samambo wavamwari, mwari ainzi Jupiter aiwanzofananidzirwa akagara pachigaro uye akabata tsvimbo youmambo kana kuti tsvimbo.

Zvisinei, panzvimbo pokuita rutivi rwokushingaira muhondo, iye akafungidzira kuti mwari Jupiter aidzitarisira nokudzidzora. Kupfuura mumwe mwari upi noupi, Jupiter akabata mugumo wenyika yeRoma muchiyero. Saka kuti vamunyaradze, vaRoma vaipa mwari zvibayiro mukuwedzera pakuita mhiko tsvene mukukudza kwake.

Kuvimbika kwavakaita zvipiriso zvechibairo nokuchengeta mhiko dzavo kwairatidzira mufambiro waJupiter. VaRoma vakasvika pakudavira kuti kubudirira kwehumambo hwavo hweMediterranean kwaigona kukonzerwa nekuzvipira kwavo kwakasiyana kuna mwari uyu.

JUPITER MWARI

Kuburikidza negondo, Jupiter akatungamirirawo kutorwa kwenzvimbo, muitiro wokuuka apo vazivi vakaedza kududzira mashura uye kufanotaura remangwana nekucherechedza kubhururuka kweshiri (mashoko akadai sekuti “zvakanaka” uye “zvisina kunaka” anobva mumuitiro uyu). Nemhaka yokuti gondo rakanga riri mhuka tsvene yeJupiter, vaRoma vaidavira kuti muitiro weshiri unotaura zvaanoda. Mhemberero dzakashomeka kuburikidza nemaitiro emakondo dzaionekwa sedzinoburitsa pachena.

Mhuri

Jupiter aive mwanakomana waSaturn mwari wedenga akatangira Jupiter naOps (anozivikanwawo seOpis), mwarikadzi wepasi nekukura. Vakoma vake vaiva Neptune, mwari wegungwa, uye Pluto, mwari wepasi nepfuma (simbi, hwaro hwemari yeRoma nepfuma, iyo yakawanikwa pasi pevhu). Hanzvadzi dzake dzaisanganisira Ceres mwarikadzi wembereko aidzora kukura kwezviyo, Vesta mwarikadzi wechoto, uye Juno mwarikadzi waamai ane chokuita newanano, mhuri, runyararo rwemhuri, uye mwedzi.

Mwari Jupiter akanga akaroora hanzvadzi yake Juno, uyo akanga ari mumwe weRoma waHera. Pakati pevana vake paiva Mars mwari wehondo uyo akaita basa rinokosha pakuvambwa kweRoma naBellona, ​​mwarikadzi wehondo. Vamwe vana vaisanganisira Vulcan mwari wemoto, kugadzira simbi nekugadzira, uye Juventus mwarikadzi wechidiki aitarisira shanduko kubva paudiki kuenda kumurume uye aibatanidzwa nesimba nekumutsiridza.

Kunyange zvazvo boka reRoma rengano rakanga risina nyaya dzegakava reroorano idzo dzaiwanzotsanangura ukama hwaZeus naHera, kwakanga kuri pachena kuti Jupiter akanga asina kutendeka kuna Juno. Nhau dzeAnecdotal dzakataura nezvekusavimbika kwaJupiter kwakawanda uye nevana zvakakonzerwa navo.

  • NaMaya, mwarikadzi wapasi noruzvaro (uyo angave akapa zita rake kumwedzi weRoma Maius, kana kuti May), Jupiter akanga ane Mercury mutumwa mwari wezvokutengeserana, vatengesi, kufamba, uye kufamba.

JUPITER MWARI

  • NaDione, akabereka Venus, mwarikadzi werudo uye chido chepabonde (kunyangwe dzimwe nyaya dzakaita kuti abude kubva mufuro regungwa, sechiGiriki Aphrodite).
  • Nehanzvadzi yake Ceres, mwari Jupiter aive naProserpina munhu akakosha wechitendero akabatana nekutenderera kwekuderera nekuzvarwa patsva, sezvakangoita Persephone kumaGiriki.
  • NaMetis waakatora nechisimba, Jupiter aive naMinerva.

Jupiter, Roma nechitendero chake

Maererano nenhoroondo yengano yokuvambwa kweRoma, Numa Pompilius, mambo wechipiri weRoma, akasuma Jupiter kuvaRoma ndokugadza mipimo yechitendero chake. Mumazuva ekutanga eRoma, Jupiter aitonga sechikamu cheArchaic Triad, iyo yaisanganisira Mars naQuirinus, shanduro yevamwari veguta, Romulus. Zvinoenderana nenyaya dzaLivy naPlutarch, Numa akatarisana nematambudziko uye akamanikidza vamwari vaviri vadiki, Picus naFaunas, kuti vashevedze Jupiter kuchikomo cheAventine.

Numa akabva abata namwari ane simba rose aipa zvaaida maererano nechibayiro chechibayiro, chaizivikanwa sehostiae. Mukutsinhana kuti ave nechokwadi chokunamatwa kwevanhu veRoma, Jupiter akadzidzisa Numa nzira yokudzivisa nayo mheni, sezvinodiwa naNuma. Chidzidzo chebhanan'ana chaJupiter chinogona kunge chakashanda sedimikira, zvichimiririra kupa kwake kwakafara kwedziviriro nerutsigiro kuvanhu veRoma.

Mwari Jupiter, kutaura idi, akasimbisa chibvumirano naNuma nevaRoma kupfurikidza nokudzikira pasi kubva kumatenga nhoo yakaurungana yakakwana inonzi ancile, chiratidzo chedziviriro, kana yakambovapo. Nekudaro, Numa akaita gumi nerimwe akada kufanana makopi eiyo ancile. Idzi nhoo gumi nembiri, pamwe chete dzinozivikanwa se ancilia, dzakava chiratidzo chinoera cheguta uye chiyeuchidzo chisingaperi chechibvumirano pakati peJupiter neRoma.

Jupiter uye chitendero chehurumende yeRoma

Nekufamba kwenguva, chinamato cheJupiter chakava chikamu chetsika dzakanyatsogadziriswa dzakarongwa uye dzichitariswa nehurumende. VaRoma vakavakira Jupiter Optimus Maximus temberi huru paCapitoline Hill; kana yapera, ndiyo yaiva hombe patemberi dzose dzeRoma.

Zvinoenderana nengano dzeRoma, aive mambo wechishanu weRoma, Tarquinius Priscus, akatanga kuvakwa kwetembere, uye mambo wekupedzisira weRoma Tarquinius Superbus, akaipedza muna 509 BC. C. Kunyange zvazvo temberi yakaparadzwa kare nguva yemazuva ano isati yasvika, panguva iyo temberi yaiva yakakwirira kupfuura Capitol.

Pamusoro petemberi unogona kuwana chifananidzo chaJupiter achityaira ngoro yemabhiza mana. Chifananidzo chaJupiter chakapendwa chitsvuku panguva yemhemberero uye atari yematombo inonzi Iuppiter Lapis ("dombo raJupiter"), apo vaipikisa vaiita mhiko dzavo dzinoyera, zvose zviri mukati metemberi. Tembere yaJupiter Optimus Maximus yaishanda senzvimbo yekupira apo vaRoma vaipira mhuka dzezvibayiro (inozivikanwa sehostiae) kuna mwari ane simba.

Mapoka aJupita akanga ari nzombe, gwayana (raipiwa gore rimwe nerimwe pana Ides waMarch) uye mbudzi kana kuti mbudzi yakachekwa, iyo yaipiwa sechipo paIdes yaJanuary. Kuti vatarisire zvipo izvi, vaRoma vakagadzira hofisi yechechi Flamen Dialis, muprista mukuru weJupiter.

Flamen Dialis akashandawo senhengo yepamusoro yekoreji yeFlamines, boka revapristi gumi nevashanu vaitungamira nyaya dzechitendero chenyika. Saka yairemekedza hofisi yeFlamen Dialis zvekuti avo chete vekuzvarwa kwevakuru, vafundisi, vaibvumidzwa kuibata (vanhuwo zvavo kana vakaderera vairambidzwa).

temberi yeJupiter

Tembere yeJupiter Optimus Maximus yaivewo nzvimbo yaifarirwa nemauto ekupembera anozivikanwa sekukunda. Aitungamirira midungwe yakadaro aiva mutungamiriri wemauto anokunda kana kuti anokunda. Maforamu acho pachawo aizosanganisira uto revakundi, vasungwa, uye zvakapambwa, zvaizopfuura nomumigwagwa yeRoma zvisati zvaperera patemberi huru. Ikoko mudungwe wacho wakapa zvibayiro ndokusiya chikamu chezvakapambwa zvavo nokuda kweJupiter.

Mumitambo yese iyi, mukundi aizotakura misungo yeJupiter pachake. Aizotasva ngoro yemabhiza mana, akapfeka toga yepepuru, kupenda chiso chake chitsvuku, uye kunyange kutakura tsvimbo youmambo yeJupita. Sezvo Maurus Servius Honoratus akanyora muCommentary yake paVirgil's Eclogues:

"Vakuru vemauto vanokunda vanopfeka insignia yeJupiter, tsvimbo, uye 'palmata' toga, inozivikanwawo se'pajasi reJupiter,' sezvavanotarisa neruvara rutsvuku rwepasi rwakazorwa pazviso zvavo."

Mukundi aifungidzirwa kuti airatidza mwari sezvaaikwira achienda kutemberi yaJupiter. Chitendero cheJupiter chakabudirira muRome kubva pakuvambwa kwacho, kwainyanya kufarirwa kusvika muzana ramakore rechisere BC, kutozosvikira muzana ramakore rekutanga BC. Kapoka iyi yakapera nekudonha kweRepublic uye kusimuka kweHumambo.

Munguva iyi, nyika yakadzoreredza kufarira kwechitendero kwakakurumbira kubva kuvamwari vekare kuenda kumadzishe eRoma. Panguva iyo madzimambo ekutanga akagamuchira chiKristu muzana remakore rechina AD, ngano dzeJupiter uye mwari weRoma dzakanga dzapera zvachose.

Jupiter Descent 

Basa raJupiter muchitendero cheRoma rinova rakadzama uye rinoshanduka nekuchinja kwehushe. Panguva dzakasiyana, mativi anokwikwidza anoti ndiye manyuko avo eruramisiro uye kufunga kuti akarurama mukurwisana kwakamirira. Kungofanana namarudzidziso anodavira kuti kuna Mwari mumwe anowanzodudza kuda kwaMwari mumagakava kudivi rimwe kana kuti rimwe, ndizvo zvakaita vaRoma naJupiter.

Sezvo nzanga dzichifambira mberi, ndizvo zvakaitawo manzwiro akapoteredza nzvimbo yeJupiter mutsika; sezvataurwa, akatanga ari mambo wavamwari. Murangariro iwoyo wakamuka zvikurukuru munguva youmambo hweRoma, apo umambo hwacho hwaitongwa namadzimambo.

Saka madzimambo paakatanga kutonga aiva nechitendero chokuti vakanga vari vamwari vapenyu kana kuti vazukuru vavamwari vamene, zvikurukuru mwari Jupiter. Saka kuderera kwacho kwakatanga pashure pokunge kutonga kwaKesari kwapera. Kesari akatsiviwa namambo Agasto, uyo akabva atanga chitendero cheumambo sezvo akanga asinganyanyi kufadzwa nepfungwa yokuva mwari. Zvisinei, sezvo vatongi vatsva vakatsiva mumwe nomumwe, vose vaida kuonekwa savanamwari uye kwete vanhu.

Neimwe nzira, izvi zvaimiririra mapoka mumakwikwi akapoteredza vamwari veRoma, kunyanya Jupiter, ichiva ichi: kune rumwe rutivi, mufananidzo wesimba roumambo uye humwari hukuru hwevanhu. Uye kune rumwe rutivi, kumirira icho umambo hwekare hwaimirira zvino: chimwe chinhu chakaipa uye chinorambidzwa; akafanirwa nokurangwa nokuzvidzwa.

Zvakanga zviri izvo pachazvo zvakazotungamirira kukuputsika kwechitendero muRoma. Izvo zvakazoitika mushure mekudonha kweHumambo muzana ramakore rechishanu uye kusimuka kwechiKristu.

Nhaka

Kazhinji kazhinji, pakati penhaka dzinokosha zvikurusa dzine chokuita namwari weRoma Jupiter, tinogona kubvumikisa kuti iye akanyanyosimbiswa zvikuru muunonzi mutauro, chokwadika pasina kurangarira muuyo mukuru uyo ​​ikoku kwaigona kuva nawo pavaRoma munguva yake. Pakati pemataurirwo ainyanyozivikanwa panowanikwa: "naJove" iyo yaiwanzo shandiswa mumhiko kana mafuro mumatare ekare eRoma nemaseneti, Nenzira imwecheteyo, izwi rekuti jovial rinoonekwa, iro rinobva kune rakapfuura uye iro zvakare riri pedyo. zvakabatanidzwa namwari uyu.

Izwi rekare rainyanya kushandiswa kutsanangura munhu ane mutsa, anonakidza uye anofara, saka munhu uyu anogona kunzi ane chimwe chinhu chamwari Jupiter. Zvingave zvakanaka chose kana mazwi aine chirevo chimwe chete, asi kwete, isu tinorarama munyika yepolysemic.

Imwe yenhaka kuna mwari uyu nderekuti zita rake rakashandiswa kutumidza nyika yechishanu uye yakakura pane inotenderera zuva. Nyika iyi, pamwe neMars, Venus neSaturn, yakatumidzwa mazita evamwari vevamwari veRoma, kusanganisira zuva nemwedzi zvaivewo nezita razvo.

Pakupedzisira, zvakakosha kuziva kuti zita rezuva revhiki "China" rinosungirwawo pana mwari uyu. Pamusoro pezvo, zvakajairika kuti nzanga yesainzi inogona kushandisa zita ramwari Jupiter isati yawanikwa.

Ndiani Jupiter mungano dzechiGiriki?

Mwari Jupiter akabatanidzwa naZeus mungano yechiGiriki, uyo akarongwa samambo weOlympians uye mwari wedenga, meteorology, dutu, mheni, mhepo nemakore. Uyezve, raimiririra mutemo, kurongeka, kururamisira, simba, magumo evanhu uye rudzi rwevanhu. Kazhinji pakati pevagari vekare vechiGiriki, ainzi "baba vevamwari kana mambo wevose". Zviratidzo zvinosunga kuna mwari uyu mheni, gondo, nzombe uye muoki.

Kusiyana uye kufanana

Zeus naJupiter ndivo vamwari vanozivikanwa zvikuru veGirisi yekare neRoma yekare. Zeus aive mambo weOlympus (nzvimbo yengano kwaigara vanamwari mungano dzechiGiriki dzekare), uko nzvimbo yake yekutonga pamusoro pehuwandu hwevanhu yaive Denga uye chiratidzo chake chaive kutinhira kwegoridhe rine simba. Jupiter pachinzvimbo chake aive mutungamiri uye mutongi wevamwari vese nevanhu muRoma yekare (mune imwe nguva, mushure meGirisi yekare), aive zvakare ishe wedenga uye chiratidzo chake yaivewo mheni ine simba.

Nhoroondo yemabviro, kutora masimba uye dzinza ravo zvakafanana, pakati pavo tinogona kudoma kuti vese vakapidigura sei vabereki vavo nekuda kwekutora simba repamusoro-soro, kuti vakaponesa sei hama dzavo uye nekugovewa pakati pavo nzvimbo dzakasiyana siyana dzekugara munzvimbo yake. nyika isinganzwisisike, pamwe nenyaya dzakasiyana siyana nezvenyaya dzake dzerudo dzakawanda uye vana.

Zvisinei, fanano dziri pakati paava vamwari vaviri vanobva mubudiriro mbiri dzakare dzinogumira ipapo, sezvo Zeus akanga ari mwari mukuru; izvo zvisinei zvaive nehunhu hwakasiyana hwevanhu hwakadai semanzwiro erudo, godo nekuzvidza. Aionekwa seanobhururuka uye aiwanzoratidzwa seasina hanya uye aipesvedzerwa zviri nyore kunyanya nevamwari vechikadzi, avo vaizoshandisa mazango avo paari.

Panzvimbo pezvo, Jupiter muRoma yakare airatidzirwa somutungamiriri wechistoic, asina chose chose murangariro (savamwari vazhinjisa muRoma yakare) uye mutoo wake wokutonga waiwanzofananidzwa nouyo wedare rakarongwa, navamwe vapi zano; zvisinei, chisarudzo chekupedzisira nguva dzose chaiva neJupiter. Nepo Zeus aionekwa seasingachinji uye asina hanya, Jupiter akafananidzwa achiverenga uye achityairwa.

Zvikuru Zeus naJupiter ndimwari mumwe chete, vachitonga nzvimbo imwe chete, kuburikidza nebudiriro mbiri dzakasiyana. MaGiriki ekare aivepo vaRoma vasati vavapo, saka zvinogona kupokana kuti Jupiter kudzokororwa kwaZeus, nekuchinja kusinganzwisisike kunoratidza shanduko dziri kuitika munzanga. Kunyange zvazvo vaGiriki vaiona vanamwari sevanhu vakapiwa masimba anokosha uye kusafa, vaRoma vaiona vanamwari vavo senhare uye zvimiro zvakanaka zvisingasvikiki.

Saizvozvi panguva yevaGiriki, ngano dzevamwari dzaisanganisira zvikanganiso zvekutonga (sezvinoita vanhu) uye hunhu hwegodo nekutsiva. Zvisinei, kuvaRoma vamwari vakanga vakakwana, naizvozvo vaisagona kuita zvikanganiso sezvo vakanga vachifunga zvakanaka.

Saturn baba vaJupiter

VaRoma vaiyemura zvinhu zvose zvechiGiriki, saka mhuri dzakapfuma uye dzine simba zvikuru muRoma dzakatopinza basa vaperekedzi vechiGiriki nokuda kwevanakomana vavo. Iwo mabhuku, hunyanzvi, huzivi uye pamusoro pese chitendero cheRepublic (uye gare gare cheHumambo hweRoma) chaizochinja zvachose. Imwe yemuenzaniso wekutanga uye wakanakisisa wekushandurwa kwechitendero ichi unotenderera kune akadzingwa: mwari akadzingwa kubva kuGreece asi achiwana imba mumakomo eRoma, zita rake rainzi Saturn.

Vamwe vanyori vanodavira kuti Saturn aivapo mungano dzeRoma kare kusati kwasvika "kupinda" kwechitendero chechiGiriki uye kuchibatanidza namwari weEtruscan Satre; zvisinei, kuti ichi ichokwadi here kana kuti kwete ifungidziro zvachose. Sezvo chitendero chechiGiriki chakawedzera kuva chechiRoma, Saturn kana kuti Saturn, aiwanzoratidzwa akabata chijeko, akashamwaridzana zvikuru namwari wechiGiriki Cronus, ishe wezvose uye mwari aidya vana vake.

Akanga ari mwanakomana waUranus (denga) uye Gea (pasi). Mushure mokunge Zeus nevanin'ina vake (Poseidon neHadhesi) vakunda pamusoro peTitans, Saturn akadzingwa kubva kumba kwevamwari vechiGiriki, Mount Olympus. Maererano nengano, Saturn akagara muLatium pane ramangwana renzvimbo yeRoma. Kusvika kwake kwakakwaziswa namwari weRoma Janus, mwari ane zviso zviviri, mwari wemavambo nemagumo. Saturn akakurumidza kuzvisimbisa ikoko, kunyange kutanga guta riri pedyo reSaturnia.

Maererano nengano yekare, Saturn akatonga Latium nokuchenjera munguva yayo yendarama, nguva yekubudirira kukuru uye rugare. Pakanga pari panguva iyi paakave akabatana zvakanyanya nekurima (samwari wembeu yechibage), nekudaro chikonzero chechimiro chake chekuratidzira muunyanzvi akabata scythe. Akarayira vanhu mumitemo inokosha yekurima uye viticulture (kugadzirwa kwemazambiringa). Akabatsirawo vagari venzvimbo iyi kuti vasiye nzira dzavo "dzehupenzi" uye panzvimbo pacho kutora mararamiro ehurumende uye ehutsika.

Nepo vanyori venhau dzakaitika vachikakavadzana pamusoro pekwakabva Saturn nebasa rake mungano dzechiRoma, nzvimbo yake munhoroondo yeRoma inoyeukwa nokuda kwezvinhu zviviri: temberi yake nemutambo wake, iyo yekupedzisira iri imwe yeinonyanya kutarisirwa pamitambo yakawanda pakarenda. . Temberi yake, yakavakwa makore akapoteredza 498 B.C. C., yakanga iri mujinga meCapitoline Hill uye yaigara mari yeRoma, pamwe chete nezvinyorwa nemirayiro yeSeneti yeRoma.

Richiwira mukuparara, raizovakwazve panguva yekutonga kwaMambo Augusto. Mutambo wake, Saturnalia, waipembererwa muna December kubva musi wa17 kusvika 23 uye waienderana nekudyarwa kwezviyo zvemuchando. (Kune vanoisa mutambo muna Nyamavhuvhu).

Kunyange zvazvo Mambo Augusto akaderedza kureba kwomutambo wacho kuva mazuva matatu (Caligula naKraudhiyo gare gare vakaukwidza kusvika kumashanu), vanhu vakawanda vakafuratira mirau uye vakaramba vachiuchengeta kwemazuva manomwe akazara. Sechikamu chekarenda yaNuma, mambo wechipiri weRoma, mutambo wacho wakabva watangira mutambo weOps, mudiwa waSaturn uye mwarikadzi wegoho: aibatanidzwa nemwarikadzi wechiGiriki Rhea. Saturn akabatanidzwawo kune mumwe mwari wekare weItaly, Lua.

Mutambo wacho wakanga wakafanana nemimwe mizhinji apo nguva yaipedzwa kudya, kunwa nokutamba: kwakanga kune mitambo yakawanda namabiko (vanyori venhau dzechiKristu vanoshamisika kana paiva nevarwi uye zvibayiro zvavanhu). Aitungamirira mutambo uyu aiva mambo wenhema, Mambo weMisrule kana Saturnalicius princeps. Zvipo zvaitsinhaniswa, kazhinji makenduru kana zviumbwa zveceramic. Zvisinei, muvhiki yokupemberera, varanda vaiva nomukana wakasiyana nevamwe. Vakapiwa rusununguko rushoma.

Kutanga, vaisafanira kupfeka heti yetsika kana kuti pilleus. Zvipfeko zvekutandara zvaibvumirwawo, uye zvakasiyana, tenzi nevaranda vaichinjana mabasa. Varanda vairayira vatenzi uye vatenzi vaitarisira varanda. Mutambo uyu waizogara kusvika panguva yechiKristu, apo waizotora chiziviso chitsva uye zita: Brumalia.

Nhasi, mitambo nemhemberero zvakapera kare uye, kufanana nevamwe vamwari vakawanda vechiGiriki neveRoma, mazita avo anongowanikwa pamapeji ebhuku rekare rine guruva. Zvisinei, vamwe, saSaturn, vakawana imwe pfungwa yekusafa. Tinorangarira Saturn nenzira mbiri, imwe yacho inopedzisa vhiki yedu yebasa yakabatikana: Mugovera. Uye, kana tikatarisa denga tinogona dzimwe nguva kuona nyika yechitanhatu kubva kuzuva: Saturn.

Ngano uye Jupiter

Mwari Jupiter anoita basa mungano zhinji dzekare dzechiRoma, pakati padzo mwari uyu anodzokororwa tinogona kutaura zvinotevera:

  • Vanhu kana vamwari vadiki vanowanzouya kuJupiter vachitsvaga kururamisira kana rubatsiro. Saka zvinonzi rimwe zuva Phaethon akatadza kudzora ngoro yababa vake yaidhonzwa nemabhiza mana akatakura zuva mudenga. Kupisa kukuru kwezuva nekuda kwekuswedera kwaro kwakapisa nyika, zvichikonzera moto uye kugadzira magwenga makuru. Naizvozvo mumunyengetero vanhu vanofa vakakumbira betsero kuna mwari Jupiter, uyo akapindura minyengetero kupfurikidza nokuparadza ngoro nemheni yake nokutinhira.
  • Mune imwe ngano yakafanana nenhauro yeBhaibheri yeboporodzi raNoa, mwari Jupiter anotora chimiro chomunhu kuti aone kana runyerekupe rwouipi hwomunhu rwakanga rwuri rwechokwadi. Atyiswa nezviito zvavo, anopfuurira kuvaranga vose namafashamo makuru.

Jupiter Vana Nyaya

Kana vana vaduku vachida kuziva nyaya dzose dzinotarisa vanamwari, zvisikwa zvenhema munyaya iyi kubva mungano dzeRoma, vanogona kupiwa ruzivo pamusoro payo nenzira yakanyanyisa, yekugadzira uye inofadza panyaya iyi. Chimwe chezvishandiso chinogona kushandiswa paizvi inyaya dzevana kana mafirimu. Zvino tichifunga nezvechinangwa ichi, tinokuunzira pazasi dudziro yakakodzera yevana nezve ngano yeJupiter, Juno naIo.

Rimwe zuva mwari wekutinhira Jupiter akanga akafinhwa zvikuru mumuzinda wake wedenga, sezvo akanga asina chokuita panguva iyoyo. Saka zvakauya mupfungwa dzake kushanyira dzimwe hama dzake, saNeptune aive pasi pegungwa kana kuti Pluto akapiwa nyika yepasi. Asi, mwari wekungofunga kuti aifanira kushanduka kuita octopus kuti ashanyire mukoma wake Neptune akamuita nungo zvishoma, chinhu chimwe chete chakaitika nekuenda kunoshanyira Pluto mamwe mangwanani eSvondo, uyo zvechokwadi nekuda kwerima rakawanda mumba make aizoita. muchakarara.

Panguva iyoyo yekufungisisa pamusoro pekuita, akabvunza kuti haaigona kuenda pasi kunobatsira vanhu vanofa sezvo vaive pazuva rekuzorora reSvondo vachigovana nekunakidzwa nemhuri, saka shumiro yake navo yakanga isingakodzeri panguva iyoyo. Akambofungawo kufonera mukadzi wake asi aive ari mushishi kuita basa ramwarikadzi achipa mazano kune vakadzi vakaroorwa kuti vangava sei newanano inofadza, saka hapana chaaigona.

Ipapo pfungwa yakangwara inoitika kwaari, yekushanyira mumwe munhu asingaonekwe achiita mutambo kana misikanzwa. Iripo paakasarudza vanhu vaviri vaifamba mumunda, akaswedera panzeve dzavo vose ndokutaura zvinotevera: "Ndinzwe ini benzi." Vanhu vakanga vavhiringika uye vasina kana chavakambotaura vakabva vabata kuti varwe, sezvo vose vaifunga kuti mumwe akanga ataura mashoko akadaro kune mumwe. Achinzwa izvi Jupiter akatanga kuseka zvake achiona kuti nyambo yake yainge yashanda uye aikwanisa kuzvivaraidza nako kwekanguva.

Zvisinei, mwari akasarudza kuramba akatarisa pasi neRoma kuti aone kuti ndechipi chimwe chiitiko chinonakidza chaaigona kuwana. Saka pane imwe nguva akaisa maziso ake paIo, nymph yakanaka yemvura, saka kuti asangane naye akasika bhiriji remakore ane fluffy kuitira kuti asvike kudenga. Zvisinei, Juno, mudzimai waJupiter, achida kuziva nezvechiitiko ichi chemamiriro ekunze, akasarudza kuswedera pedyo kuti aone kuti chii chaiitika.

Vamwari pavakasvika pazambuko iri vakabva vaona kuti murume wavo aive nemombe tsvarakadenga uye diki. Panguva iyoyo, Jupiter akashamisika kuti kamhuka aka kakasvika sei pamuzinda wake pakakwirira kudaro. Asi, Juno aive nepfungwa yekuti chimwe chinhu chinoshamisa chaiitika naJupiter uye kuti Jupiter angangoita munhu kuita mhou. Saka akafunga kuti kana iyi mhuka duku yakaisvonaka yakanga isingakoshi zvikuru nokuda kwomurume wake, aigona kuichengeta pasina chirambidzo chipi nechipi.

Akakumbira murume wake kuti amupe mombe, uye pasina nguva yokuramba, akabvuma. Mwarikadzi akabva aendesa mhou kumunda uko hofori yaizoichengeta nokuda kwokupindira kupi nokupi kwomurume wayo Jupiter. Sezvo aifarira mombe iyi, rimwe zuva akafunga kuinunura. Nokuda kweizvi, akakumbira rubatsiro rwemwanakomana wake Apollo, akakwanisa kunyengedza ndokuisa hofori yacho kurara, akatora mhou yaakasarudza kuisiya pamahombekombe erwizi, asi achivhiringidzika, haana kumbomudzorera kwaari. yepakutanga nymph fomu.

Apo mwarikadzi Juno akacherekedza kutsakatika kwemhou, akatumira boka renhunzi dzinoruma kundoitsvaka. Kuwana Io ichiri kushanduka kuita mhou, vakamudzinga ndokumubaya kwenguva refu, zvino mombe yakazongobudisa inzwi: Muuuuu Muuuu, ikaramba ichitiza kusvika yasvika kuEgypt, uko mwarikadzi Juno akamushandura kuita chimiro chake. nymph. Mwarikadzi akamukumbira kuti atsvake murume akanaka uye kuti agare munzvimbo itsva iyoyo. Asi achishaya imba yake zvakanyanya, Io the nymph akasarudza kushambira kudzokera kumba kuRoma.

munguva dzazvino

Munguva dzazvino, Jupiter yainyanya kuzivikanwa nekukweretesa zita rayo kuchikamu chechishanu chikuru chemudenga mune yedu solar system. Vaverengi vanogona kunge vakaisa Jupiter nekusaziva nekutaura kudeedzera kwakakurumbira "Por Jove!" Imwe vhezheni yezita raJupiter, Jove, yakaonekwa sedanidzo inogamuchirika kuvaKristu vainamata, vaitya kushandisa zita ramwari wavo pasina; uyewo zita iri rinonzi kuwedzerwa kwezuva revhiki neChina.

Muzhinji pop tsika midhiya, Zeus yakave yakanyanya kufarirwa kupfuura Jupiter. Izvi zvinoenderana nezvinodiwa zvetsika zvevaGiriki pane zvevaRoma.

Kana iwe wakawana chinyorwa ichi pamusoro paMwari Jupiter wengano dzechiRoman chinonakidza, tinokukoka iwe kuti unakirwe nezvimwe izvi:


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