Mazhinji aive mipiro yemuzivi uyu akangwara, kunyangwe nanhasi zvaakawana zvichiri kukosha munharaunda uye mazhinji epfungwa dzake dziri kuramba dzichizivikanwa nekufamba kwemakore, ndosaka tichikuudza zvese. Mipiro yaAristotle kune psychology.
Aristotle aiva ani?
Asati ataura nezve Mipiro yaAristotle kune psychology, ngatitangei nokurangarira kuti akanga ari ani. Akaberekerwa mutaundi rekare muMacedonia, guta riri muGreece, vabereki vake vakafa paaiva mumakore ake okuyaruka, gare gare vakasiyiwa vachitarisirwa nomukoma waamai vake angangodaro akamutora kuti anodzidza muAthens, iyo panguva iyoyo chigaro chedzidzo uye tsika muGreece.
Akanga ari mudzidzi waPlato paAcademy yakakurumbira yeAthens, uyo akanga ariwo mudzidzi waSocrates uye pamwe chete vanoumba vazivi vanokosha zvikurusa munhau yavanhu. Zvainzi Aristotle ainyanya kushamwaridzana nemudzidzisi wake, pasinei nokuti pfungwa dzake dzakasiyana zvikuru, sezvo Plato achivakira upenyu hwake nedzidziso dzake pane zvaaidavira kuti nyika inogona kana kuti inofanira kuva, ainyanya kutsvaka tsika dzakavakirwa papfungwa nezvinangwa. .
Ukuwo, Aristotle aitenda zvakanyanya muchinhu chinokosha chemuviri nemweya, akavakira mararamiro ake pakutungamirirwa nezvaaigona kuona, kudzidza uye kuongorora, akakudziridza kudzidza kwaakawana kubva pane zvakaitika muupenyu, nenzira. izvo zvaigonawo kumupa huchenjeri uhu kunyika.
Sezvingabvira akanga ane chikwereti chebudiriro yake, sezvo nokuda kwokutenda kwaaiita mudzidzisi wake zvikuru, akashora uzivi hwake zvokuti pashure pokunge mukuru afa, Aristotle akatanga kuita uzivi hwake amene hwakavakirwa pane zvaakadzidza pamusoro penyika noupenyu. zvisikwa, zvigadzirwa uye Zvakawanikwa naAristotle achiri kushandiswa nhasi uye anozivikanwa sa "baba veWestern philosophy."
Muzivi akanga akachenjera zvikuru uye achiziva zvakawanda pamusoro pezvinhu zvakawanda zvine chokuita nezvisikwa zvipenyu, nzanga uye zvakasikwa pachazvo, zvidzidzo zvake zvinobva kusayenzi kuenda kubhayoroji, masvomhu, zvematongerwe enyika, metaphysics nedzimwe nzvimbo dzakawanda dzezivo.
Chii chinonzi Positive Psychology?
Positive psychology chidzidzo chinotarisa pakurongedzera positivism muhupenyu hwevanhu kuitira kuti izvi zvipesvedze budiriro nekukura mune zvese zvehupenyu hwevanhu, zvese izvi zviri kuburikidza nekucherechedzwa kwehunhu uye kusimba muhupenyu.
Chinangwa chikuru cheiyi nzira kusimudzira mufaro muhupenyu hwevanhu, zvese izvi zvaizoitwa nehunyanzvi hwakasiyana sezvo mufaro inguva yakaenzana uye inoshanda nenzira dzakasiyana kune wese munhu, zvinoreva kuti zviitwa kana nzira dzinokonzera kugutsikana uye kunakidzwa mune imwe. munhu akasiyana kune vamwe, uye kunyange kana pane kufanana pakati pevanhu, pakupedzisira inogara iri nyaya yezvavanoda uye mavara.
Iyi nzira inoshandiswa munzvimbo dzakawanda dzekudzidza nerubatsiro, dzakadai semapoka ekutsigira vanhu vari kuburikidza nemamiriro ezvinhu akaoma, kudzidzisa zvikoro zvevana sekireshi, chikoro chepuraimari, uye kunyangwe kune vechidiki vari kupinda munguva dzekuchinja nekuchinja, ndizvo zvakare. inoshandiswa mudzimba dzevakuru kana vanhu vakuru vari kutarisana nechirwere chakaoma.
Kune kunyange zvinyorwa zvekuti nyanzvi dzakawanda dzakashandisa iyo kurapa varwere vane dambudziko repfungwa mumamiriro akaoma. Zvese izvi nekuti zvakaratidzwa kuti kana vanhu vakaisa pfungwa nemafungiro avo pazvinhu zvinofadza, zvinofadza, zvinovaka, izvi zvinobata zvese zvehupenyu hwavo uye zvinokurudzira kukura kwemunhu, izvo zvinounzawo kugara zvakanaka kuhupenyu hwevanhu.
Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti iyi inzira inofanirwa kushandiswa nemazvo nenyanzvi dzinoziva mashandisirwo ayo, sezvo kune vanhu vazhinji vane basa rekutengesa nzira se "magic potion" inoshandura hupenyu hwevanhu kuita nyaya. , zvisinei, kana iyo psychology isina kushandiswa zvakanaka, saka haina kushanda.
Mipiro yaAristotle kune psychology
Kunyangwe chiri chokwadi kuti positivism mukufunga uye pfungwa yakawana kuzivikanwa munguva pfupi yapfuura, chokwadi ndechekuti inyaya yave ichikurukurwa kwemazana emakore, mumwe wevanyori vakuru vane muenzaniso ndiAristotle, uyo Pamusoro pe zvinyorwa zvakawanda zvaakaita muupenyu hwake, pakati pazvo paiva nezvimwe zvaitaura nezvetsika, tsika nemagariro evanhu.
"Ndinoona uyo anokunda zvishuwo zvake ane ushingi pane uyo anokunda vavengi vake, sezvo kukunda kwakanyanya kukunda iwe pachako." Aristotle
Pano tinotaura zvimwe zvezvinonyanya kukosha Mipiro yaAristotle kune psychology:
Chinangwa mufaro
Mirangariro yakawanda pamusoro peiyi nzira yakavakirwa pazvinangwa izvo Aristotle aiva nazvo kare asati afa. Kumuzivi, mufaro ndicho chinangwa choupenyu uye unofanira kuva wakajeka mumasikirwo anoitwa upenyu. Hunhu hwevanhu, aidavira kuti vanhu vanofanira kutsvaka mufaro wavo pachavo kuburikidza nemafaro uye kugutsikana.
Chinhu ichi chainyanya kukosha kwaari zvekuti akaita nepaaigona napo kuti aroverere muvana vake kuitira kuti vawane kubva kwaari zvidzidzo zvese zvekufara, kuti vazviite uye nekukurudzira vamwe kuti vadarowo. . Ndiwo mapindiro akaita dzidziso idzi patiri, kunyangwe mushure memazana emakore akawanda, ndiko kusimba kwazvakaita uye Mipiro yaAristotle kune yakanaka psychology.
Chinhu chaive chakajeka kumuzivi ndechekuti mwero wedu wekusagadzikana uye mafaro zvinopesvedzera zvakanyanya zvimwe zvikamu zvehupenyu hwedu, ndiko kuti, mufaro unounza kugara zvakanaka kune vanhu uye izvi zvinopesvedzera hutano, basa, hukama, mari nedzimwe nzvimbo. yehupenyu.
Kutsungirira ndiyo Kiyi
Tsika chinhu chakakosha pakubudirira muhupenyu, Aristotle aitenda kuti isu tinofanirwa kuchinjisa maitiro edu uye zvese zvehupenyu hwedu kuti tizadzise zvinangwa zvatakazvimisira. Aifarira "kana uchichida, chitore", sezvo zvishuvo hazviuye kune mumwe woga, kana tichida chimwe chinhu tinofanira kurwisa kuti tichiwane, zvikasadaro izvi hazvizoitike uye zvicharamba zviri zviroto.
Muzivi aidavira kuti kushivirira unhu husina vakawanda, zvisinei, hunobatsira zvikuru kushandisa muzvinhu zvose zvehupenyu. Positive psychology inzira inoshanda chero ikashandiswa zvakanaka, inzira inoda kushingirira nemoyo murefu, maresults acho haauye kubva kune rimwe zuva kuenda kune rimwe uye kana iri hunhu hwaunoshaya, zvinokurudzirwa kuti unotanga kudzidzira kushandiswa kakawanda.
Kunaka Kwekufunga Kwetsika
Inobva paizwi rekuti "phronesis" (phronesis) iro rakatorwa kubva mubhuku rinonzi Nicomachean Ethics, iro raive rakanyorwa pahunhu nemisimboti iyo Aristotle akanyora nekutsaurira kumwanakomana wake, aive nezita rimwe chete. Iro izwi rine imwe yakaoma uye yakaoma etymology, iyo muchidimbu inogona kushandurwa sekunzwisisa, kungwara uye kuona, zvese zvinoenderana nemabatiro anoita vanhu izwi nerevo zvakazara.
Aristotle akakurudzira izwi iri senzira yatinofanira kuita kuti tizive kana chimwe chinhu chisina kunaka mumafambiro edu, kuti tine ushingi hwekuchigamuchira, asi pamusoro pezvose tinoedza kuchichinja. Chinangwa chetsika iyi ndechekutibatsira kukudziridza kwaniso yedu, kunyanya muhunhu nehunhu, kuti tigone kugamuchira kukanganisa kwedu uye izvi zvinotipa mhedzisiro iri nani muzvisarudzo zvedu.