Nhasi tichakudzidzisa kuburikidza neiyi yakanakisa positi zvese nezve kuveza David naMichelangelo Florentine muimbi akazvipira kutarisisa kwake kune hunhu hwemunhu hwemubhaibheri hwaakaita aine makore makumi maviri nematanhatu uye anomiririra jaya risati rakunda hofori Goriyati. Usarega kuiverenga!
Kumashure kwechivezwa David naMichelangelo
Pakazosvika gore ra1501, avo vaitungamirira Opera del Duomo vakanga vari masangano aitarisira kuchengetedza nekuchengetedza nzvimbo chaiyo yaiva yetemberi dzinoyera.
Nechikonzero ichi, zvivezwa zvikuru gumi nezviviri zvine chekuita nemabhii emuTestamende Yekare zvakarongwa kuti zuva iroro riiswe pamadziro ekunze eSanta María del Fiore Cathedral.
Naizvozvo, asati asika chivezwa chaDhavhidhi naMichelangelo, zvivezwa zviviri zvakanga zvatoitwa, mumwe wavo naDonatello uye mumwe nomumwe wevadzidzi vake ainzi Agostino di Duccio, achigamuchira muna 1464 mumwe basa rokuita chivezwa chaDhavhidhi .
Iwe unofanirwa kuziva kuti chivharo chemarble pakaitwa chivezwa chaMichelangelo's David chakatorwa kubva kuFantiscritti quarry muguta reCarrara, iyi bhuroka hombe yakaendeswa kuFlorence neGungwa reMedithera uyezve neRwizi Arno kusvika vasvika guta reItaly.
Iri block hombe rinozivikanwa sehofori yakakuvadzwa nemuimbi anonzi Simone da Fiesole achiedza kuiveza. Uyezve, iyi block yemarble yakaparadzaniswa neavo vaitarisira Santa María del Fiore uye yakasiiwa kwemakore.
Mamwe maartist akashandawo paichi block hombe aive Agostino di Duccio pamwe naAntonio Rossellino asi havana kuita basa uye vakasiya ichi chivharo chihombe chine kutsemuka kwakati nehafu yakashanda.
Saka zviremera zveOpera del Duomo zvakatanga kutsvaga muvezi wekuveza David uye pakati pavo paive naMichelangelo mushure memakore makumi maviri nemashanu Rosellino akasiya basa pabhuroka iyi yemarble.
Akatanga basa rake pazvivezwa musi waGunyana 13, 1501, mwedzi mushure mekuraira kwekomisheni kusvika Chivabvu 1504, akange achiri mudiki muimbi akange asati ava nemakore makumi matatu uye akaburitsa basa rakanaka kwazvo rinozivikanwa pasi rose.
Kunyange zvazvo dingindira raDhavhidhi rakanga ratoshandwa navamwe vanyori vemifananidzo vakadai saGhiberti, Verrocchio uye kunyange Donatello, akanga ari Michelangelo uyo akatora nguva asati arwa mumufananidzo.
Kuve chivezwa chaDavid naMichelangelo chiratidzo cheItalian Renaissance nekuda kwehunhu hwevanhu hwakaiswa mumufananidzo uyu muItari. Yakatumirwa neOpera del Duomo uye yaizoiswa muKathedral yeSanta Maria del Fiore muguta reFlorence.
Asi nokuda kwehukuru hwechivezwa chaDavid naMichelangelo, kwavari zvakaratidzika kuti nzvimbo iyi yakanga isina kukodzera basa guru, saka yakaiswa muPiazza della Signora, nzvimbo yaipenya nekunaka kwayo uye kunaka.
Yakanga iri panzvimbo ino kusvika muzana remakore rechi1873, kunyanya muna XNUMX. Nhasi inogara muGalleria dell'Accademia muguta reFlorence, Italy, iri imwe yemamiziyamu anokosha zvikuru munyika ino yeItaly.
Zvakakosha kuratidza kutyisidzira kwaMichelangelo's David, iyo yakamutsa kusava nechokwadi pamusoro penzvimbo yaizova nzvimbo yayo, sezvo kana yakaiswa yakatarisana nePisa, zvaireva chido chaFlorence chekudzorera guta iri.
Kana ikaiswa yakatarisana neRoma, yakaunza kusagadzikana nekuti Pope Alexander VI akange adzivirira Medici mushure mekudzingwa muFlorence. Yakanga iri saiti iyi yavakasarudza sekuzvarwa kweRepublic yeFlorence uye mumazuva mana ayo kutamiswa kwakagara chivezwa chakatemwa nematombo nevatsigiri veMedici.
Kuongororwa kwehunhu hwechivezwa David naMichelangelo
Zvakakosha kuziva kuti chivezwa chaDavidi chakaitwa naMichelangelo ndicho chinomiririra David wemubhaibheri anokunda Goriati kuburikidza nemanomano ake kuburikidza nedombo kutenda kusimba raMwari uye nokudaro anova Mambo Dhavhidhi.
Maererano nechivezwa, David waMichelangelo anomumiririra semurume akasimba akamira akati twasu kuti atarisane naGoriyati ane simba, ruoko rwake rworuboshwe rwakagara papfudzi rake kwaanotakura bhegi rechipfuramabwe.
Hani inosunga musana wake kusvika yasvika paruoko rwake rwerudyi pedyo nechidya chake apo anoviga fustibalo, chinova chipfuramabwe chine mupini chaizivikanwa munguva dzevaRoma.
Pakati pehunhu hwayo hukuru, zviri pachena kuti chivezwa chaDavid naMichelangelo ndeche Round bump nekuti inogona kuoneka kubva kune chero kona nekuda kwekubata kwemuvezi weItaly.
Ichi chivezwa chaDavid naMichelangelo chinoiswa mu contrapposto inova nzvimbo yokumira netsoka imwe, nokudaro uchitsigira uremu hwemuviri wako wose.
Nepo rimwe gumbo rakasununguka saka mahudyu nemapendekete zviri pamakona akasiyana saka torso yaDavid ine curve shoma yakaita S.
Nokuda contrapposto chinzvimbo ndechokuti chivezwa David kubudikidza Michelangelo ane mwero nokuti makakatanwa kuti kucherechedzwa pakati rworuboshwe ruoko uye gumbo rorudyi anobvumira dzinongoitika kuzungunuka mugumbo roruboshwe uye ruoko rworudyi.
Inoratidzwa mumufananidzo waDavid naMichelangelo the kushushikana uye kuzorora panguva imwe chete kubvumira muviri wese uye nzvimbo yakasvinura kutarisana nehofori Goriyati.
Eya, ndezvekuchengeta muviri wakazorora nokuda kwechiito chinobvira uye muchivezwa ruzivo rwomuvezi rwomuviri wechirume runocherechedzwa kuitira kutsinhiranisa mirangariro inobatanidzwa neyomuviri muchivezwa.
Humwe hunhu hwaDavid waMichelangelo ndehwake chiso chinoratidza Eya, chitarisiko chechivezwa ichi chinoshoreka, chichiratidza simba guru rinacho pakurwisa muvengi. Sekufinyamisa kumeso kunozivikanwa nezwi rekuti terribilità.
Semeso ake anosvetukira kurudyi pasi pebvudzi rake rinoyerera. Ihwo huri hutsika hukuru mubato reRenaissance, kuzvivimba pamwe nekutsungirira uye mumashoko aMichelangelo pachake anotaura zvinotevera:
“…Mubhuroko rimwe nerimwe remabhura ndinoona chivezwa chakajeka sokunge chakamira pamberi pangu, chiri muchimiro nemagumo emafungiro nechiito…”
"...Ndinotofanira kuveza madziro ane mhasuru anosunga chitarisiko chakakosha kuratidza mamwe maziso sezvandinoaona neangu..."
Iyo zvakare inomira pachena muna Michelangelo's David zviyero zvisina kuenzana muchifananidzo asi icho pakutanga chinoratidzika sechisingaonekwi asi ruoko rworudyi nemutsipa zvakabatanidzwa kumusoro wechifananidzo zvine mwero mukuru.
Iwe unogona kuona kuti ruoko rworudyi rwakazorora pedyo nechidya chakanyatsogadzirwa, kuratidza tsinga uye mavanga paganda, asi kana kuyerwa nekuremekedza kukura kwemuviri, zvinoonekwa kuti yakakura zvikuru.
Humwe hunhu hukuru hukuru hwehuro hwechivezwa, iyo yakakura kupfuura yepakati pechipfuva, asi nekutarisa kuri nyore hazvionekwe.
Kunyange zvazvo izvi zvakaitwa nemaune muna Michelangelo's David, nokuti maitiro ekuona akanga asina kunaka kana akatarisa chivezwa kubva pasi zvichikwira.
Uyezve kuratidza kuti kukunda muhondo kunoda kuisa pfungwa nehungwaru izvo zvinofananidzirwa nemusoro uye chiito chinofananidzirwa neruoko rwerudyi.
Inoonekwawo semhando huru ye zvinhu zvakashandiswa nekuti chaive bhuroka rimwe chete remabhura machena rakatorwa kubva paicherwa makomo eCarraca raizivikanwa nekunaka kwaro.
Izvo zvakakosha kuti uzive kuti ichi chivharo chimwe chete chemarble chaive nemukana wekupindirwa nevatatu maartist kwemakore akati wandei, izvo zvaive zvakakonzera kuputsika uye kuputika mubhuroka hombe.
Makore makumi maviri namashanu akanga apfuura uye ndiMichelangelo uyo, pasi pemirairo yezviremera zveOpera del Duomo, anofanira kuita kuti David aiswe muKathedral yeFlorence uye mumashoko emuvezi pachake, akataura zvinotevera:
“…Pandakadzoka, ndakaona kuti aive nemukurumbira. Kanzuru yeguta yakandikumbira kuti nditore David anokura kubva mubhuroka remabhura, akakuvadzwa!, anenge mafiti makumi maviri mushure mekusikwa kwePietà…”
Zvinoreva David waMichelangelo
Hungwaru hwemuvezi mukuru uyu ndehwekufunga kuveza Davidi asati asangana naGoriati mukuru, ndosaka zvaive zvakafanira kubata chiito chekurwisana kwechivezwa ichocho zvisati zvaitika.
Nokuda kweizvo zvinocherekedzwa muna Michelangelo’s David, uchenjeri pamberi pesimba romuviri apo kuisa pfungwa mundangariro kunokurira kuisa mativi ose omuviri mudzikamo kuti akunde mushori kupfurikidza noungwaru hwomunhu nesimba rouchenjeri hwoumwari.
Inyaya inozivikanwa kwazvo kubva muTestamente Yekare apo David anokunda Goriati nechipfuramabwe uye ipapo, akarara pasi, anomugura musoro nebakatwa rake uye panguva yenhoroondo yeguta reFlorence seNyika Yakazvimiririra.
Rudzi urwu rwainyatsoziva kutyisidzira kwakaripoteredza, vakaona David waMichelangelo uyu sechiratidzo chesimba risingatarisirwi uye ushingi husingazununguki nekuda kwehungwaru nehungwaru hwehuchenjeri.
Kubatanidzwa kwefilosofi nechitendero
Michelangelo anokwanisa kubatanidza chiratidzo chaDavidi mumamiriro ezvinhu eJudhiya-Chikristu tsika nemaitiro ekufamba kweRenaissance, iyo yakaenzana uye inorema, sezvo nekuda kweizvi aifanira kuwedzera hunhu hwevanhu hwechivezwa ichi.
Saka David waMichelangelo anoratidza kuti harisi simba asi kungwara pamwe nekufunga kwekuita kunosimudza mweya wake pakurwa naGoriyati nekuti aive akazvipira kuvanhu vake uye aifanira kuvaponesa nehondo iyi.
Saka kukosha kwaDavid uyu naMichelangelo kuRenaissance, sezvo njere uye hunhu hunokunda simba remuviri, zvichiratidza hunhu hwehumanism mune ino tsika.
Chiratidzo chezvematongerwo enyika muna Michelangelo's David
Pakazosvika gore ra1494 guta reFlorence rakanga ramukira vaMedici ari mutungamiri wavo Pedro II de Medici uyo aive mugari wenhaka yaLorenzo Mukuru uye akakunda pamberi peuto reFrance raCharles VIII asi mazwi aya akange atsamwisa vagari vemo. guta reFlorence.
Izvo zvavakasarudza kudzinga Medici kubva muguta ravo uye kugadzira Yechipiri Republic yeFlorence uye pakapera chivezwa chikuru ichi chakashandiswa sechiratidzo chairatidza hukuru hwevanhu hweguta rino kurwisa Medici nePapal States.
Kuita kune Chivezwa chiri kuratidzwa
Panguva iyo David waMichelangelo akapiwa muna 1504 pamberi penhengo dzesacristy dzakanga dzarayira muvezi, vakashamiswa nekukwana kwaakanga awana, ndokusaka vakarega kuiisa mucathedral sezvandaifunga. pakutanga.
Nechinangwa chekuwana nzvimbo itsva yekuisa chivezwa chakanakisa chaDavid naMichelangelo, vakaunganidza komiti yakaumbwa nevanhu makumi matatu vane mukurumbira, kusanganisira Leonardo Da Vinci naSandro Botticelli.
Nekuda kweizvi, David waMichelangelo akaiswa mumoyo umo hupenyu hwezvematongerwo enyika hwakaitika muguta reFlorence uye saiti iyi yaive Piazza della Signoria yaive pamberi pemukova wePalazzo Vecchio.
Iri basa reunyanzvi rakaramba riripo kusvikira muna 1873. Kunyange zvazvo zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti panzvimbo payo pane kopi yechifananidzo chiri muchena marble chakaiswa muna 1910.
Nhasi Michelangelo's David akachengetedzwa muAccademia Gallery muguta reFlorence, iri iyo yakakosha museum muguta rino mushure meUffizi Gallery. Mushure mekubudirira uku, Pope Gioulio II pachake akapa basa Michelangelo kuvaka Sistine Chapel.
Nhoroondo yezvakaitika panguva yekugadzirwa kwechivezwa
Kubva mugore ra1434 Cosme de' Medici yakanga yatora masimba muguta reFlorence, iro raizivikanwa nezita rekuti Signore reguta iri kusvika gore ra1494 vana Signore vapera asi mugore iri makaita chimurenga.
Tichifunga kuti Signore Piero de Medici akazvipira kumberi kwekutonga kwaCharles VIII weFrance kusvika pakutonga kweNaples. Nekuda kweizvi, mumwe wechitendero anonzi Girolamo Savonarola akashandisa kusagutsikana kwevanhu kuti akunde humambo hweMedici.
Vagari vakagumbuka vakazvitora kupamba muzinda wamambo uye Republic of Florence yakagadzirwa. Iyi Republic of Florence yaizotongwa nevanhu vapfumbamwe vakaumba itsva Republican Signoria, Savonarola pachake ari kutungamira kutambudzwa kunopesana nezvisina maturo.
Kugadzira moto muPiazza della Signoria apo zvinhu zvaionekwa sezvivi zvakapiswa pamwe chete nemabasa eunyanzvi akaitwa naMichelangelo naBotticelli ivo pachavo vaitungamira kupisa pamwe chete nevanhu vaipomerwa mhosva sevanyengeri.
Kusawirirana kwakaitika pakati peSavonarola wechitendero naPope Alexander VI uye musi wa08 Chivabvu 1498, mufundisi akasaina kureurura kwake uye akaurayiwa musi waChikumi 23 wegore rimwe chetero muPiazza della Signoria, muzinda wesimba rezvematongerwo enyika muguta.
unyanzvi hwokugadzira
Kuti agadzire David's Michelangelo, aida mifananidzo, mifananidzo uye zvidhori zviduku zvakagadzirwa nekushandiswa kwewakisi kana terracotta.
Achibva ipapo akaenda akananga kunoshanda nemabhura uye achishandisa chisero kubva munzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana kuitira kuti chivezwa chacho chiyemurwe kubva chero kupi zvako, icho chakanga chiri chitsva chose pakufunga kwemuMiddle Ages, izvo zvaingobvumira kuti chivezwa chionekwe nechemberi.
Zvakakosha kuratidza huchenjeri hwake hukuru, izvo zvakamubvumira kubvisa basa kubva padombo guru remarble, kuva chifananidzo chekutanga cheRenaissance chezvikamu izvi, kusika munhu ane huchenjeri nesimba raMwari, sezvo munhu akasikwa kune zvisikwa. wepamusoro-soro.
Sculpture maitiro uye ruzivo
Maererano nomufungo waMichelangelo, mubhuroko rimwe nerimwe remabhura raakanga achitarisira kugadzira, maiva nemweya waaiedza kupora.
Naizvozvo, kana kuna David waMichelangelo, kuputsika kwakaita bhuroko guru iri, mukuwedzera kune buri raiva nechokuruboshwe kwebhuroko remabhura.
Zvakatanga kuti chivezwa chakagara parutsoka rworudyi, izvo zvakagadzira pfungwa ye contrapposto yechivezwa uye Michelangelo's David aifanira kuenzanisa kuti ape chiyero kune chifananidzo.
Kukuvadzwa kwakatambura nechivezwa uye kudzorerwa kwacho
Pakazosvika gore ra1504, David waMichelangelo paakaendeswa kuPiazza della Signoria, basa racho rakatemwa nematombo nevatsigiri veMedici, zvino muna 1512 mheni yakarova pasi pechivezwa chacho.
Ipapo muna 1527, mukumukira kwakakurumbira mukurwisana naMedici, David waMichelangelo akadimburwa ruoko rwake rworuboshwe pashure pokumurova nebhenji rakakandwa kubva pahwindo raiva pedyo. Ruoko urwu rwakatsiviwa mushure memakore gumi nematanhatu.
Gare gare, muna 1843, David waMichelangelo akacheneswa nemusanganiswa wehydrochloric acid pamusoro pechiso chese chivezwa uye nokudaro patina yekudzivirira iyo munyori wayo akanga aisa pairi yakabviswa, nekuda kwekuti marble akanga achisiiwa achionekwa nemamiriro ekunze.
Mushure memakore makumi matatu, kunyanya muna 1873, chimiro chakakura chakatamiswa kubva kuPiazza della Signoria kuenda kuAccademia Gallery.
Nechinangwa chekudzivirira chivezwa chaMichelangelo chaDavid kubva kumamiriro ekunze uye kudzivirira kukuvadzwa kusingakoshi, muna 1910 vakasarudza kuisa kopi yechifananidzo che1: 1 munzvimbo iyo chivezwa chaigara muPiazza della Signoria uye ichiripo nhasi.
Zvinonzi muna 1991 mumwe murume akaparadza chigunwe chetsoka yeruboshwe yaDavid waMichelangelo mushure mekuchirova nesando, chakavakwazve.
Kuti udzivise kukuvadzwa mune ramangwana, basa rakaiswa muchimiro chegirazi chine zvombo chakatenderedza chigadziko panoiswa chivezwa ichi chakakura kumativi ese.
Nekuda kwezvimedu zvemarble zvakasara mushure mekurwisa kuparadza chimwe chezvigunwe zvetsoka yake, kuwirirana kwacho kwaigona kudzidzwa kuziva nemarble kuti David waMichelangelo yakavakwa.
Zvakaonekwa kuti yaive nenhamba huru yemakomba madiki anobvumira kushatisa nekukurumidza kupfuura mune mamwe marudzi emarble.
Iri muna 2003 apo kudzorerwa kwekutanga kwaMichelangelo's David kwakatanga muna 1843, izvo zvakaunza nhamba yakawanda yezvipingamupinyi nekuda kwenzira yaizoshandiswa uye munhu aitarisira kudzorerwa ikoko aiva Agnese Parronchi.
Asi aifanira kusiya basa nekuda kwekusawirirana nemukuru weArtistic Assets wedunhu reTuscany anonzi Antonio Paolucci.
Maererano nezvidzidzo zveParronchi, akanga akatsunga kuita kupindira kwakaoma uye kusina-invasive mumufananidzo waMichelangelo's David kuburikidza nemabhurashi, erasers uye swabs yekotoni.
Asi Paolucci uye mutungamiriri weGarari yeChikoro anonzi Franca Falletti, pfungwa yavo yakanga iri kupindira kwemvura kuburikidza nekumanikidza kwemvura yakasvibiswa yakashandiswa kuchivezwa kwemaminetsi gumi nemashanu kusvika makumi maviri.
Kunyangwe kupindira kwemvura kwaive kudzoreredza kwakaitwa kuna Michelangelo's David uye kwakapedzwa muna Kubvumbi 22, 2004 pasi pekutungamirwa naCinzia Parnigoni uye yakaunzwa kune veruzhinji zvakare muna Chivabvu 24, 2004.
Zvinoda kuziva nezve Michelangelo's David
Kudyidzana kwakaitwa naMichelangelo nemabhuroko emarble kunooneka uye akatsanangura kushanda kwake nesimba sekusunungurwa kwechimiro chaive mukati medombo.
Panguva yekutanga kuveza David, akafunga kuti amise madziro mana akapoteredza bhuroko racho kuti asatarise basa rake.
Saka hazvizivikanwe kuti chivezwa ichi chakazvarwa sei uye paakapedza kugadzira basa ndipo paanoti madziro aputswe vanhu ndokushamisika vachiona chivezwa chacho.
Iri basa, iro rakanga riri reKatorike, rakaunza zviito zvezvematongerwe enyika semugumisiro, sezvo panguva yekugadzwa kwayo vakanga vatokunda Medici yeguta reFlorence.
Guta rakava republic uye David waMichelangelo akava mufananidzo werusununguko semunyaya yemubhaibheri kuti jaya rinodzivirira vanhu varo.
Paivawo nevatsoropodzi nokuda kwekushama kwaMichelangelo's David, kwavakapokana kuti kushama kwaienderana nemasikirwo airatidza hukuru hwemweya, kunaka uye kunaka kwegamba rechirume. Vazhinji vakabatikana nerunako rwebasa racho.
Eya, airatidza muna Michelangelo's David zvakadzama muzvidya, tsinga, nzara, bvudzi uye tarisa, kufinyamisa kumeso kunoratidza kuti ari kufunga nezvekukanda kwaachaita dombo nechipfuramabwe kugumisa hupenyu hwehofori Goriyati chete. chinhu Chinoshayikwa nebasa guru iri kutaura.
Mushure mokunge apedza hukuru hwake David, Michelangelo akaenda kuRoma kwaakange ane mamwe makomisheni akaita semifananidzo yemifananidzo muSistine Chapel uye imomo muna 1506 chifananidzo chakafukunurwa uye Michelangelo, senyanzvi panyaya iyi, akaenda kunoona chifananidzo.
Akaziva maererano netsanangudzo kuti yakanga iri Laocoön, iyo yakanga yakaumbwa nematombo emarble mashanu, kunyange zvazvo gungano racho rakanga risingaoneki kune vamwe, rakanga risiri kuna Michelangelo.
Zvimwe kwaari kwaiva kukunda nokuti ndiye ega uyo kubva mubwe guru remabhura akapa upenyu kuna David waMichelangelo uye ikoko kwaiva kukosha kwekurebesa kukuru kune uyu muvezi akaisvonaka aiva chimwe chezvikamu zvake zvikuru.
Kana iwe wakawana chinyorwa ichi chinonakidza, ndinokukoka iwe kuti ushanyire anotevera malink: