Islam chitendero cheMuslim yakavambwa naMohammed muzana ramakore rechinomwe, uye ine mapazi makuru maviri: Sunni kana Orthodox - sunna, tsika - vateveri vekutanga caliph mushure meMuhammad, nevaShiite, vateveri vomukuwasha waMuhammad, Ali. Misiyano yavo yaiva yedzidziso nezvematongerwe enyika. MaSunni anoumba 90 muzana yenyika dzeMuslim, ine 1.200 bhiriyoni vanotevedzera.
Saka iwe unoda kuchera zvishoma, pano tinotsanangura kusiyana pakati peShiites neSunni.
Ndivanaani vaSunni?
MaSunni anoumba ruzhinji rwevaMuslim. Zvinofungidzirwa kuti pakati pe86 ne90 muzana yevanhu vanogara muboka iri. Idzo dzinoonekwa sechinyakare uye Orthodox bazi reIslam. Kutaura zvazviri, zita reSunni rinobva pakutaura "Ahl al-Sunna": musha wechivanhu.
Muchirevo chechinyorwa chino, tsika inoreva maitiro anobva muzviito zveMuporofita Muhammad nevashandi vake. Naizvozvo, MaSunni anonamata vaporofita vose vanodudzwa muKoran, kunyanya Muhammad, uyo anonzi muporofita wokupedzisira.
Gare gare vatungamiri vechiMuslim vakaonekwa sevanhu venguva pfupi. Zvikasadaro, zvichienzaniswa nemaShiites, vadzidzisi vechitendero cheSunni nevatungamiriri vagara vachidzorwa nehurumende. Tsika dzeSunni dziri panzvimbo yayo yepamusoro muSaudi Arabia. Uye zvakare inotsigira hurongwa hwakajeka hwakarongeka hwemutemo wechiIslam, pamwe nekuve nhengo mune chimwe chezvikoro zvina zvemutemo.
MaShiite ndivanaani?
Ali ari kutaurwa aive mukuwasha waMuporofita Mohammed, uye maShiite vanoti ivo nezvizvarwa zvavo vane kodzero yekutungamira maMuslim.. Ali akaurayiwa nechisimba che caliphate, mhirizhonga uye hondo yevagari vemo. Vanakomana vake Hassan naHussein vakanyimwa zvavaifunga kuti ikodzero yavo yepamutemo kuti vagare nhaka.
Hassan anofungidzirwa kuti akaiswa muchetura naMuawiyah, wekutanga Umayyad caliph kana mutungamiri wevaMuslim, nepo mukoma wake Hussein uye nhengo dzakawanda dzemhuri yake vakaurayiwa munhandare yehondo. Zviitiko izvi zviri kuseri kwepfungwa yeShia yekufira kutenda uye tsika dzayo dzekuchema, uye kutenda kweShia kunewo chinhu chakasiyana chemesiya. VaShiites vanewo hutungamiri hwevafundisi vanopa dudziro dzakajeka uye dzinoenderana dzezvinyorwa zvechiIslam.
Nhamba yevaShiite nhasi inofungidzirwa kuva pakati pe120 ne170 mamiriyoni, kana kuti chikamu chegumi chevaMuslim vose. Ndivo ruzhinji rwevanhu veIran, Iraq, Bahrain, Azerbaijan uye, neimwe fungidziro, Yemen. Asi Afghanistan, India, Kuwait, Lebanon, Pakistan, Qatar, Syria, Turkey, Saudi Arabia neUnited Arab Emirates vanewo nharaunda dzakakosha dzeShia.
Kukamukana uku kunoita basa rei mukurwisana kwezvematongerwo enyika?
Munyika dzinotongwa nevaSunni, vaShiite vanowanzova varombo zvikuru munzanga uye vanozviona savanyajambwa vokudzvinyirirwa nokusarurwa. Vamwe veSunni vanonyanyisa vanotoparidza kuvenga vaShiite.
Kune rumwe rutivi, Revolution yeIran ya1979 yakatanga chirongwa cheIslamist chakasimba neShiite kutsamira, kupikisa hurumende dzeSunni dzinochengetedza, kunyanya muPersian Gulf. Mutemo waTehran wekutsigira mapato eShiite nemauto kunze kwenyika wakapikiswa nenyika dzeGulf vachifarira hurumende dzeSunni uye mafambiro kunze kwenyika.
Munguva hondo yevagari vemuLebanon, maShiites akawedzera mukurumbira nekuda kwemabasa ehondo eHezbollah. VeSunni vanonyanyisa, seTaliban, vakaita zvimwe chete muPakistan neAfghanistan, kazhinji vachinangana nenzvimbo dzekunamatira dzechiShiite. Panguva ino, kurwisana kwazvino kuIraq neSyria kune mamwe masekete.
Vazhinji vechidiki vechiSunni vapinda mumapoka evapanduki ari kurwisana munyika idzi, mazhinji acho anotevedzera mafungiro eAl Qaeda.. Nepo vamwe vavo veShia vachigara vachirwa mukati kana padivi pemauto ehurumende, Iran neSaudi Arabia vakaratidza muvengi akafanana mune vanozviti Islamic State.
Kusiyana pakati peShiites neSunni
MaShia nemaSunni vanogovana zvitendero zvakawanda uye maitiro, kunyanya mbiru dzechiIslam, kubatanidza rwendo rwokuenda kuMecca neminyengetero mishanu yezuva nezuva.
MaShiite anoona Ali semutsivi wekutanga weMuporofita uye vanomuona nevateveri vake gumi nemumwe (Imam) semuenzaniso. Shia Islam ine vafundisi vane zvinzvimbo zvakasiyana-siyana zvezvitendero (Imams, Ayatollahs). Vanotenda kuti mutsivi akarasika weMuporofita wegumi nembiri achadzokera kuNyika kusati kwapera kuti agadzirise kururamisira nerunyararo.
VaMuslim veSunni vanoona vatsivi vana veMuporofita se "macaliphs akadzidza" uye vanokoshesa zvishoma pakutevera vatungamiriri vavo.
VaMuslim vechiShia vanotaura nezvaAli mubasa rekutenda (shahada). Vane mazuva akasiyana emhemberero nekuchema kupfuura veSunni, zvichibva pakuremekedza kwavo mhuri yeMuporofita, senge mhemberero dzeAshura neArbain dzakakumikidzwa kundangariro dzaImam Hussein, akafa afira chitendero.
Maererano neongororo ya2015 nePew Forum think tank, kune maMuslim asingasviki mabhiriyoni 1600 munyika, avo vanenge 90% vaSunni. Iyo 10% yasara inoumbwa nemapazi akasiyana eShia.
Iwo maviri matavi eIslam akagovaniswa zvakaenzana kuMiddle East, nenharaunda zhinji dzeShia muIran, Iraq neBahrain. Ivo varipowo muSyria, Lebanon neYemen.
Iran ndiyo nyika yechiShiite yakawanda pasi rose, ne90 muzana yavanhu vayo vane mamiriyoni 79 vanotaura kutenda, uye vanokombamira kunzwira tsitsi nzanga duku dziri mudzimwe nyika. Kunewo mapazi eShiite muvakidzani vatatu veIran, Azerbaijan, Pakistan neAfghanistan, pamwe neIndia. Saudi Arabia, nzvimbo yekushanyira Mecca neMedina, inoonekwa sepakati peSunni Islam, uye mambo wayo ndiye "muchengeti wemamosque maviri matsvene" mumaguta aya. Al-Azhar University muCairo ndiyo yepamusoro-soro yezvidzidzo zveSunni Islam uye chiratidzo chevatendi.
Ndinovimba ruzivo urwu rwave runobatsira kwauri. Asi kana iwe uchida kuziva zvakawanda nezveIslam unogona kuverenga zvakawanda mune izvi link.