Yezvimiro zvechisikigo izvo muChile zvine kushanya kwakawanda kunowanikwa mukati Gwenga reAtacama nzvimbo inowanzonzi gwenga rakaoma kudarika mamwe ose panyika, zvisinei izvi zvinoita kunge kukanganisa. Isu tichataura nezve mamiriro ayo ekunze kuti tibate iyo nzvimbo, maruva ayo, mhuka uye dzimwe nzvimbo dzevashanyi mairi kuvashanyira.
Atacama desert Chile
Iri renje rinoonekwa se "rakaoma kwazvo panyika" uye riri munyika yeLatin America: Chile, kubva kuchamhembe kusvika kuchamhembe kweCoquimbo, Arica, Antofogasta, Atacama, Parinacota neTarapacá, ine muganhu wekumadokero nePacific Ocean uye kusvika. kumabvazuva kune inozivikanwa zvikuru Cordillera de los Andes, tichifunga nezvematunhu aya inofungidzirwa kuti ine nzvimbo inopfuura 105.000 makiromita mativi, inotambanudzira makiromita 1600 kureba uye 180 makiromita yakafara pakureba kwayo.
Muchokwadi, mamwe matunhu anogonawo kutariswa mukati memiganhu yerenje iri, semuenzaniso nzvimbo yemahombekombe yePeru, iyo Puna de Atacama uye yekumabvazuva kwemateru emakomo eAndes kumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumadokero kweBolivia uye kuchamhembe kwakadziva kumadokero kweArgentina. .
Irenje rinoratidzwa nehukuru hwaro, kuoma kwayo, nzvimbo dzayo dzepamusoro-soro, hukama hwayo nenyeredzi (nyeredzi nemapoka enyeredzi) nenzvimbo dzakasiyana dzinowanikwa dzakadai semaoasi, mafurati emunyu kana nyanza dzine hunhu hwebhuruu. Pakushanyirwa kwevashanyi kunogona kuwanikwa muChile, renje iri nderimwe reanogaro gara .Pakupera kweiyi positi, dzimwe dzakanakisa nzvimbo dzevashanyi dzekushanya paunoenda kugwenga iri dzicharatidzwa.
Iri igwenga rinoitwa zvidzidzo zvakasiyana-siyana zvine chekuita nenyeredzi, nzvimbo zhinji mukati maro inzvimbo dzinoonekwa nyeredzi nenyeredzi. Izvi zvinodaro nekuti ine hurefu hwakakodzera neruremekedzo kugungwa kuita kutarisisa kwakanaka, pasina kuvepo kwemakore uye pasina kusvibiswa kwechiedza. Mukuwedzera kune izvozvo, inogara akawanda Mhando dzeshiri.
Izvi hazvingorevi kuti vashanyi vanocherekedza denga kubva chero kupi nerubatsiro rwemimwe michina yekutarisa, kune akawanda anocherekedza mugwenga iri seLa Silla, iyo Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array, Paranal Observatory, pakati pezvimwe. Pamusoro pezvo, hazvisi chete izvi zviri kushanda kupa chiitiko chinoshamisa chevashanyi kana kuita tsvagiridzo, zvimwe zvakarongwa kuvakwa, seGian Magellan Telescope kana Large Synoptic Survey Telescope.
Hakusi kungogara uchitarisa nyeredzi mugwenga iri, mitambo yakanyanyisa inogona kuitwa zvakare apo vatambi vanobva kumativi ose enyika vauya kumakwikwi akaitwa mariri, semuenzaniso Dakar Rally Series iyo yakaitwa mugwenga iroro kubvira 2009 kusvika. 2015. Saizvozvowo, Atacama Solar Race yakarongeka nemotokari dzezuva dzinofamba neToconao, Calama, Iquique, Antofagasta nedzimwe nzvimbo, ichi chinhu chakasiyana muLatin America yose.
Yakaumbwa sei?
Nezvekwakabva gwenga iri, zvinotendwa kuti risati rava gwenga rakanga riri chiyamuro chiri pasi pemvura, chaizova makore mamiriyoni matatu apfuura, mushure mechiitiko cheFohn chakakanganisa makomo eAndes nokunayisa mvura mune dzimwe nzvimbo dzegomo.
Zvose izvi inzira isingabatanidzi chete basa remakore anopfuura pamusoro penzvimbo iyi, asiwo ikozvino yemvura inosvika kurenje. Pamusoro pazvo, rudzi rwechiso chainacho chinoitawo basa rinokosha mukuumbwa kwegwenga iri.
Historia
Nezvenhoroondo iri seri kwerenje iri, zvinogona kuonekwa kuti kwave kune vanhu vemarudzi akasiyana-siyana, vaEurope vakaramba vari munyika dzavo kwenguva yakati, kuwedzera kune mamwe mapoka emarudzi akadai setsoko, coles, aurochs uye Inca. empire. Zvino zvaive zvichikwanisika kuona kuti chii chaizova basa rekuchera (raive pakati pe12.000 nemakore gumi).
Kana iri gakava pamusoro penzvimbo iyi, mamwe magwaro anoiisa senzvimbo yeBolivia muna 1866 na1874, zvisinei pakave nekupokana kwakatenderedza gwenga iri apo mauto akatorwa kurwisa Bolivia, gare gare (muna 1873) Chile yakazivisa hondo kuPeru neBolivia, kukakavara. Hondo yePacific yakagara kusvika 1884 mushure mekukunda kweChile.
Mushure meizvi, rudzi urwu rwakaramba rwune nzvimbo dzakawanda dzakadai sedziya panguva iyoyo dzainzi "Bolivian Department of the Litoral, Peruvian department of Tarapacá and the Peruvian province of Árica" pakati pavo paiva nerenje iri. Kubva ipapo Chile inochengetedza hutongi hwayo pamusoro penyika idzi.
Climate
Kufunga serenje rakaoma kwazvo munyika hakuna kururama, panzvimbo iyo mipata yakaoma iri muAntarctica, mugwenga iri zvinokwanisika kuona mvura makore gumi nemashanu kana makumi mana ega ega, kunyangwe nguva yakareba yakanyorwa makore mazana mana pasina chero. mvura iri pakati payo yose. Chimwe chinhu chinoda kuziva ndechekuti mumwedzi waNdira naKukadzi chikamu ichi chepakati chegwenga chinokanganiswa neinozivikanwa se "altiplano winter" uko kunonaya mvura ine kunyangwe madutu emagetsi.
Kupisa usiku kunogona kusvika -25 degrees C uye masikati vanogona kusvika 25 uye kunyange 50 C ° mumumvuri. Kupisa nemwaka kunoratidza kuti muzhizha kunobva pa4 kusvika ku10 C°. Kubva pane dzimwe dzose unogona kuona mhepo muchimiro chechamupupuri kana blizzards inosvika 100 makiromita paawa, masikati.
Flora
Kana iri flora inogona kuonekwa mune ino ecosystem, kune cacti yemarudzi akasiyana-siyana. Sezvo kune dzimwe nzvimbo dzine miviri yakakura yemvura, unogona kuona mhuka dzakadai sepike, matilla kana emerald. Maruva anomera nekuda kwemadziva anowanikwa mugwenga iri llareta, mashanga emusango, tamarugo, muti muchena wecarob, uswa hwesalda, zvikwenzi zvakaita secahiyuyo, breas nezvimwe zvisati zvasimbiswa.
fauna of
Panyaya ye Mhuka dzemugwenga, zvinokwanisika kuona shiri dzakasiyana-siyana uye mamwe marudzi emarudzi akadai se: hummingbirds, njiva uye turtledoves, culpeo foxes, Patagonian grey foxes, guanacos, owls, paulina lizards, tamarugo comeebo, diuca, toad curly, mana. -yed toad, pakati pevamwe. Chero zvazvingava, kureba kwerenje iri nemamiriro ekunze ekunze kunoderedza mukana wekuwana mamwe marudzi akasiyana-siyana anogara mariri.
Nzvimbo dzevashanyi dzekushanyira mugwenga
Iri renje inzvimbo hombe inosanganisa akati wandei akakodzera nzvimbo dzevashanyi dzekushanya parwendo rwekushanya, dzimwe dzenzvimbo dzekushanyira ndidzo dzinotevera:
Tatio Geyser
Kuchamhembe kweSan Pedro de Ataca unogona kuwana munda wemagiza anoonekwa seakanyanya kukura panyika, unogona kuona kuti fumaroles yaro inobuda sei panyika kana 80 madhigirii C apfuura, kazhinji izvi zvinoitika kare kare kubva pa6 kana 7. am, iratidziro inoita kuti ive imwe yenzvimbo dzinoshanyirwa zvakanyanya nevashanyi.
Izvo zvinodikanwa kuchengetedza chinhambwe chakachengeteka kubva kune aya magiza, kuitira kuti maemanations avanodzinga asafemerwa, nekuwedzera kune iyo, kupfeka zvipfeko zvinopa pekugara kwakanakira kuramba tembiricha uye zvakare seyero yekuchengetedza. Iyi ndiyo imwe yenzira dzakawanda dzekudzivirira dzinokurudzirwa kutorwa kana uchishanyira iyi geyser, pamwe nekushanyira geyser chena inogona kusvikwa mushure mekufamba makiromita mashanu kubva kuTatio.
cejar lagoon
Madhamu ari mugwenga iri hunhu husingaende pasi petafura kana mushanyi achishanyira nzvimbo yacho akarongwa, ipapo cejar lagoon inokurudzirwa, iri kumaodzanyemba kweSan Pedro de. Atacama anenge makiromita mashanu kubva ipapo.
Aya madhamu ane hunyanzvi hwekuti iwe unogona kuyangarara mumvura yavo yebhuruu yeemaraldhi padanho repamusoro pane izvo zvinogona kuwanikwa muGungwa Rakafa. Pamusoro peizvozvo, yakakomberedzwa nemakomo eAndes, saka maonero anoyevedza chaizvo kune vashanyi. Chengetedzo panguva ino yekushanya ndeyekupfeka shangu dzekugeza kana flip-flops kudzivirira kucheka pamicheto yedhamu.
Chaxa Lagoon
Dhamu iri nderimwe repamusoro peanonyanya kushanyirwa nokuti ndimo munogara marudzi akasiyana-siyana eshiri, kusanganisira maflamingo, pamwe chete nemamwe marudzi emunzvimbo iyi.nei flamingos pink? . Inowanikwa muSalar de Atacama makiromita angangoita makumi mashanu kubva kuSan Pedro de Atacama, ine mamwe madhaka mativi asi mvura yaro haina kudzika zvakanyanya.
Iwe unogona kuona mhando dzakasiyana dzemhando dzakasiyana dzeshiri, zvisinei mamwe marudzi emhuka haawanzo kucherechedzwa nekuti haisi nzvimbo inonaya mvura munguva dzakaita sezhizha, waingoona diki parina, hombe, gava. culpeo, mbeva yemuorivhi, zvimwe zvinokambaira uye flamingo yekuChile. Kurudziro ndeyekushanyira dhamu iri nekambani yemutungamiri anogona kutsanangura maitiro emhando yega yega.
Mamwe madhamu anokurudzirwa kushanya iMiñique neMiscanti, ayo asingapfuuri 4000 metres kukwira, kwaunogona kuona nzvimbo ine vicuñas nemvura yebhuruu inopa chiitiko chinoyevedza.
San Pedro de Atacama
Iyi inharaunda iri mudunhu reEl Loa, yakakomberedzwa nerwizi rweSan Pedro de Atacama uye inozivikanwa segedhi rekuenda kugwenga reAtacama, iyi ndiyo nzvimbo huru yevashanyi munzvimbo ino, kubva ipapo unoenda mamwe maguta erenje, kunyangwe nzira kubva kune imwe nzvimbo yekutangira isingarambidzwe. Huwandu hwevanhu vaigara muSan Pedro de Atacama hauna kusvika ku260 yegore ra2018, saka hupfumi hwayo hahuna kuoma kana kuvandudzwa.
Pakati penzvimbo dzayo dzevashanyi unogona kuona Chechi yeSan Pedro, iyo yevatendi chiratidzo chekuona chakavakwa muna 1744 kunyange zvazvo vaiva nekugadzirisa muna 1839. Unogonawo kuona Archaeological Museum iyo ine zvinhu zvekuzvarwa kubva kumarudzi eChile. Kozotiwo maTatio geysers ari makiromita 0 kuchamhembe, zvakare makomo eMunyu, Mupata weMwedzi, Puritama Hot Springs, musha weTulor, Atacama munyu flat uye ALMA yekuongorora nyeredzi.
Catarpe Valley
Uyu mupata unogona kuwanikwa kana uchifamba makiromita mashanu kubva kuchamhembe kweSan Pedro de Atacama, chinhu chinonakidza pamusoro penzvimbo iyi ndechekuti maIncas akambovaka nzvimbo yekutonga. An acatameño pamusoro pemupata uyu inopa tsananguro inotevera:
"Catarpe igomba riri pakati pekukanganisa muSan Pedro de Atacama, kubva pano tinogona kuona mhando dzemaruva nemhuka dzakadai semiti yecarob, chañares, mhiripiri, miswe yemakava, Moray Eagle, yekuchamhembe cometocino pakati pevamwe. Uye zvakare, terrace ine fluvial yakaganhurwa iyo iyo "San Pedro" rwizi rwunopfuura.
Mupata wemwedzi
Uyu mupata wechipiri wakaziviswa kuti “nzvimbo tsvene yechisiko” uri mugwenga makiromita 13 kumadokero kweSan Pedro de Atacama. Pamusoro pezita iroro, uyu mupata rutivi rweNational Flamingo Reserve. Zvinofungidzirwa kuti kare (muTertiary Era) dziva rakakura kwazvo kana kuti ringave gungwa remukati menyika rakawanikwa munzvimbo iyoyo.
Inoyevedza kwazvo kuvashanyi nekuda kwezvikomo zvayo zvine mapoinzi pasi pamwe negrey uye ocher mounds akafanana neMwedzi. Iwe hauzowana anopfuura madzvinyu aFabián uye nzvimbo yakanyarara, izvo zvinoita kuti ive nzvimbo yakanaka yekuona nyeredzi kana kunyura kwezuva kana ukashanya masikati.
Death Valley
Padiki padyo neMupata weMwedzi pane Mupata weMars kana Rufu, uyo unoratidzwa nematombo ayo uye kufanana kwaro negomo, vashanyi vanowanzo dzidzira sandboarding kana vasvika kuGreat Dune, saka ndiko kurudziro panzvimbo ino. zvakakosha kuyeuka kuti haina migwagwa inofambika yemotokari nekuda kwehuwandu hwejecha rine nzvimbo.
Pamusoro pemupata werufu, zvinokurudzirwa kushanyira muraravungu mupata uye Lasar volcano, yekutanga yeavo yakataurwa ine zita iro nekuda kwehuwandu hwemavara anogona kuwanikwa mumakomo ayo, kuwana mavara akadai seocher, dema. , uye violet. , kofi, pakati pevamwe.