Rudzi rweAsia urwo kubva kare rwakatangirwa nemukurumbira wepasi rose wekuve rudzi rwunogadzira sirika inoyevedza uye yakapfava, jira rakagadzira Chipfeko cheChinese chiratidzo chetsika dzavo dzechivanhu. Dzidza zvese nezvewadhiropu yehofori yeAsia!
Chinese zvipfeko
China ndiyo yaive nyika yekutanga pasi rose kugadzira makonye esirika nekugadzira machira kubva pazvinhu zvavanogadzira. Sampuli dzekuchera matongo uye zvidzidzo zvinoratidza kuti maChinese anga achigadzira machira kubva kuNeolithic, makore zviuru zvishanu kana zvitanhatu apfuura.
Zvinofungidzirwa kuti anenge zviuru zvitatu zvemakore apfuura, sericulture uye sirika kurukwa zvakavamba zvikuru muChina yekare.
Chipfeko cheChinese chine marudzi mazhinji uye masitayipi emasutu zvichienderana nenguva uye zviitiko. Kune zvipfeko zvechinyakare kubva kuZhongshan, Cheongsam uye nezvimwe zvakawanda zvakagadzirwa uye kushandiswa nemadzinza akapararira munzvimbo iyi yakakura.
Mhando yega yega yembatya muChina inogadzirwa nenzira yakasarudzika, yakasarudzika mapatani uye nzira dzakasiyana dzekusona, dzisina kungove dzakakwana nekufamba kwenguva, asi mune dzimwe nguva dzakashandurwa nenzira inoshamisa uye inotyisa, nekuuya kwedzinza idzva. zvitemo zvehumambo zvisina simba zveiyo regent itsva.
Musangano rekare remafeudal, chinzvimbo uye magariro emunhu zvaigona kuzivikanwa nekuda kwezvipfeko zvavo, zvichiita kuti kusiyana pakati pemapoka evanhu kuve pachena, sezvo zvipfeko zvezuva nezuva zvevanhuwo zvavo hazvingambofananidzi nepamusoro peboka repamusoro.
Pakati pemakirasi epamusoro anotonga, misiyano yaivepo, semuenzaniso, panguva iyo chete Mambo aipfeka ruvara rweyero uye dhiragoni nechiratidzo pahanzu yake, zvipfeko zvake zvechinyakare zvehumambo zvinosimbisa simba rake.
Kana vari vamwe vose veboka rake, makurukota, vakuru vemauto, makurukota nevakadzi vavo, yunifomu dzavo dzaivawo nemirau, iyo yaiganhurira mavara, magadzirirwo uye nhamba yenhamba dzaifanira kushandiswa.
Iko hakuna yakajairwa zvipfeko zveChinese kana sutu, kunyangwe mamwe masitayera embatya anowanzo miririra tsika dzeChina kupasirese, semuenzaniso, Cheongsam, Qipao, nezvimwe.
Iwo Cheongsam neQipao anozivikanwa pasi rese, achikurudzira misiyano yakawanda yekunze, nekuda kwemaitiro avo akapusa asi echienzi. Inowanzoshandiswa kuchamhembe kweChina, sezvipfeko zvemuchato zvinowanzoita tsika yenyika ino, mutsvuku, goridhe uye sirivheri embroidery.
Kumaodzanyemba kweChina, varoora vanopfeka Qipao kana rokwe rezvidimbu zviviri rinonzi Qungua kana Kwa, rakashongedzwa neshato yegoridhe uye dhizaini yephoenix, ichi chiri chipfeko chemuchato chechinyakare chinofarirwa zvikuru nevakadzi vanoda kuroora nhasi.
Nhoroondo yeChinese Clothing
China ine madzinza akawanda ane nhoroondo refu netsika, zvisinei, mamwe mapoka akadzora dzimwe nhambo dzenhau.
Kwezviuru zvemakore, zvizvarwa zvevagadziri vembatya zvakazvipira kugadzira nekugadzira zvipfeko, zvichiita kuti zvipfeko zvinofukidza muviri womunhu zvive chinhu chinokosha chetsika dzechiChina, izvo zvakashandawo kuziva kufambira mberi kwenyika kupfurikidza nokuchinja kwadzo muzvitayera.
Kugadzirwa kwezvipfeko muChina kunotangira panguva dzekare, angangoita zviuru zvinomwe zvemakore apfuura. Kuwanikwa kwekuchera matongo kwezvinhu zvekusona zvemakore angangosvika zviuru gumi nezvisere, senge tsono nezvimedu mumabhonzo, mabhero ematombo nemabhomba ane maburi, zvinopupurira kuvepo kwekushongedza kwekutanga uye zvidimbu zvekusona mubudiriro yeChinese.
Mafashoni echiChinese aive pasi pekuchinja, zvichienderana nemwaka, shanduko dzezvematongerwo enyika, kurwisana kwehondo, nezvimwe. Pakatanga hondo, idzo dzaiitika kakawanda, zvitayera zvakasiyana-siyana zvembatya zvairatidza zvinzvimbo zvevanhu uye nyika dzavakabva.
Munguva yeQin neHan Dynasties (221 BC - 220 AD)
Dynasties yeQin neHan yakaona kubatana kwenzvimbo pamwe nemutauro wakanyorwa. Qin Shihuang, ndiye aiva mambo wekutanga wedzinza reQin uye akatanga shanduko dzakawanda uye hurongwa hwemagariro evanhu, kusanganisira zvipfeko zvekirasi yega yega uye nzvimbo yemagariro, zvichiita kuti vanhu vasiyaniswe.
Shanduko zhinji mumapfekero nekushongedza kwefashoni yeChinese dzakavambwa mudzinza reHan, pakati pe206 BC ne220 AD. Tekinoroji nyowani dzekudhaya shinda, embroidery, uye kugadzirwa kwesimbi kwakagadzirwa nekukurumidza munguva ino, zvichikonzera shanduko huru muzvipfeko uye zvishongedzo.
Munguva yeWei neJin dynasties (220 AD - 589 AD)
Zvipfeko zveChinese zvakakurumidza kuvandudzwa panguva yeNorth Wei neSouthern Jin Dynasties. Gore ra265 AD risati rasvika, tsika nemaonero akanaka evanhu vekuchamhembe nekumaodzanyemba kweChina zvakabatanidzwa nekuda kwekufamba kwehuwandu hwevanhu kwakatangwa nekukakavadzana kwehondo.
Zvikoro zvakawanda zvepfungwa dzeuzivi zvine pesvedzero paupenyu hwenharaunda uye papfungwa dzekugadzira zvipfeko.
Munguva yeTang Dynasty (618 AD - 907 AD)
Imba yeTang, iyo yakagara kubva 618 kusvika 907 AD, yakabvumira fashoni kunyora peji yakajeka munhoroondo yezvipfeko zveChinese munguva dzekare.
Zvipfeko zvaive nemhando dzakasiyana-siyana, zvipfeko zvevanhu zvaive zvakasiyana uye zvakasiyana-siyana, nokuti vatongi vavo vakapa pachena kune kunze kwenyika, izvo zvakaunza kuchinja kwemafungiro uye maitiro muvanhu, avo vakave vakawanda.
Mbatya dzakachinja nekukurumidza, dzakawedzera kurova, nemhando dzakasiyana, izvo vanhu vazhinji vaive vazvipira kupfeka nekunakirwa.
Munguva yeRwiyo, Yuan, uye Ming dynasties
Zvipfeko zvisina kurongwa zvakaonekwa panguva yeRwiyo rwedzinza pakati pe960 ne1279 AD, zvaive zvakapfava uye zvakanyanya kunaka zvipfeko.
Munguva yedzinza reYuan pakati pa1206 na1368 AD, dzinza reMongolia, rinozivikanwa sevanhu vemabhiza, ndiro rakanga riri pamasimba uye mapfekero ainyanya kusanganiswa neMongol neHan. Zvipfeko zvaive zveumbozha zvekirasi yepamusoro, asi zviri nyore mukugadzira uye zvisina kugadzirwa.
Nekusvika kwedzinza reMing pakati pa1368 na1644, shanduko huru yakaitika munzira yekupfeka. Magadzirirwo ezvokupfeka akanga asina kuganhurirwa kune imwe nzira uye akakurudzira runako rwechisikigo, iyo yakapa humwe hunhu, mavambo uye kukosha kune tsika yezvipfeko.
Munguva yeQing Dynasty
Dzinza reQing, iro rakatangira pakati pa1644 na1911, raizivikanwa nekugadzirwa kwezvipfeko zvinoyevedza, zvakadzikama izvo vakawanda vanorondedzera sezvine mbiri. Dzinza iri rakagara makore anenge 200 uye rakaona chinjo dzinoshamisa dzenyika dzakadai seRenaissance muItaly, Chimurenga cheFrance, uye kuwanwa kweAmerica naColumbus, asi kuchinja kwacho hakuna kukanganisa zvipfeko zvechinyakare zveChina.
Panguva iyoyo, China yakanga ine mutemo wekuvhara mikova, saka shanduko dzakawanda hadzina kuikanganisa, uye vanhu vachiri kupfeka zvipfeko zvairatidza chinzvimbo chavo, magariro, uye mararamiro. Uku kushaikwa kwekubatana uye pesvedzero kubva kutsika dzekunze kwakabvumira kuchengetedza nhaka yakakosha uye nhoroondo mumapfekero eChinese.
Kubva 1930 kusvika kunguva yemazuva ano
Zvipfeko zveChinese kubva muna 1930 kusvika nhasi zvakasiyana zvakanyanya, zvisinei, zvimwe zvipfeko zvemadzitateguru zvinoramba zviri mukuravira kwevanhu vakawanda pazviitiko zvakakosha, zvakadai seQipao, pakati pa1930 na1940. Kusvika kuma 40s uye 50s, zvipfeko zvinova zvakanyanya kumadokero. , kuchinjira kuchimiro chemuviri.
Zvimwe zvezvipfeko zvechinyakare zvakaita seQipao zvakaramba zvakapfekwa zuva nezuva muHong Kong kusvika pakupera kwema 1960. Nhasi, varoora vazhinji vekuChina vachasarudza chimiro chemazuva ano Qipao kana Longfeng Kwa sezvipfeko zvavo zvechinyakare zvemuchato wavo.
mhando dzezvipfeko zveChinese
Zvipfeko zveChinese zvakachinja zvakanyanya munhoroondo yese. Kune akawanda magadzirirwo, masitayipi uye mavara akaratidzira nguva yega yega muhupenyu hwenyika ino, mazhinji ayo achiri kushandiswa nhasi. Mamwe emhando huru dzechinyakare chiChinese zvipfeko ndeidzi:
pien-fu
Pien-fu chipfeko chekare chezvimedu zviviri chine tunic-yakafanana nepamusoro inoenda kumabvi uye siketi kana bhurugwa rinoenda kumakumbo. Yaiwedzerwa neheti inozivikanwa sePien, ine cylindrical shape.
Vaive kazhinji zvidimbu zvakafara uye maoko ane vhoriyamu yakawanda, idhizaini yemitsara yakatwasuka inowanzo ratidza masaisai chaiwo, zvisinei nekuti inokwana muchiuno here. Izvo zvinowanzojairika kuti chipfeko chive nemucheka wakaoma, mabhandi ekushongedza kana zvimwe zvishongo.
changpao uye Qipao
Changpao, inozivikanwawo seChangshan, yevarume uye Qipao yevakadzi chipfeko chechinyakare chakatanga kushandiswa nemadzinza echiManchu anotama.
Yakanga ine chidimbu chimwe chete chakawedzerwa kubva pamapfudzi kusvika kune zvitsitsinho, zvakafanana nejasi kana shati refu, yakatemwa yakatwasuka, yakazaruka pamativi, ine maoko marefu uye yakasununguka. Yaiwanzogadzirwa nesirika inoyevedza chaiyo.
Munguva yeQing Dynasty, vaManchus vakatora nechepakati peChina uye vakamanikidza vagari vemo kuti vatore zvipfeko zvavo zvechinyakare, izvo zvave zvichishandiswa pakati peChinese kubva ipapo. Nguo iyi yakaratidzwa mushure mekudonha kwedzinza reQing chete kune zvimwe zviitiko zvepamutemo. Varume vaipfeka zvitema pamwe chete neheti yeruvara rumwe chete, pamariro.
Qipao chipfeko chinonyanya kufarirwa pakati pevakadzi vemazuva ano, nekuchinja kuduku kubva pamuenzaniso wepakutanga. Iyo inogadzirwa pedyo nemuviri, ine mutsipa wakamanikana kana isina collar, refu kana mapfupi sleeve, kuchekwa kwepamberi kunogona kuve kwakatenderera, mativi kana kutwasanuka, zvakafanana zvinoitika nehurefu, zvichienderana nekuravira kweanopfeka. ibvi, hafu yegumbo kana kumusoro kusvika pachiziso.
Izvo zvakajairika kuti Qipao igadzirwe machira akajeka, kazhinji akatsvuka kumichato uye mamwe mhemberero dzakakosha. Kunyangwe ichionekwa mune mamwe mavara uye mapatani echinyakare maChinese manhamba.
Shenyi
Shenyi muenzaniso unobatanidza Pienfu neChangpao, seti yezvikamu zviviri, jasi uye siketi ine zvidimbu gumi nembiri zvakabatanidzwa, zvakafanana nePienfu, asi, kusiyana neizvi, zvakabatanidzwa nemucheka, zvichiita kuti zviite se chidimbu chimwe chete, chakasununguka seChangpao.
Chipfeko ichi chaive chipfeko chepamutemo mudzinza reMing, zvisinei, vanhu vane hukama zvakananga nehurumende uye nyanzvi vaiishandisa zuva nezuva.
Yakanga iine maoko akafara, asi isina kufara sePienfu uye yaive mutete kupfuura Pienfu. Bhandi raiwanzoiswa muchiuno, iro rakanga rakanyanya kunaka kupfuura kushanda.
hanfu
Iyo hanfu yakanga iri chipfeko muChina chaigona kupfekwa nevarume nevakadzi uye nhoroondo yaro yakabva kudzinza rekwaHan, nguva iyo yaizivikanwa zvikuru, kusvikira dzinza reQing rakarambidza kushandiswa kwayo.
Yaiva nejaketi rinosvika pamabvi kana jasi uye siketi yakatwasuka, yakatetepa zvishoma uye inosvika kumakumbo, mune inopenya uye pastel mavara evakadzi uye tema toni kune varume, vanoitsigira neheti, nepo vakadzi vane yakakwira. bvudzi rakanatswa uye zvishongo zvebvudzi.
Nguo iyi yave ichishandiswa kwenguva yakareba munhoroondo yeChinese uye ichiri kushandiswa nhasi mumitambo yetsika nechitendero, pamwe nekuve muenzaniso wekutarisa kune vakawanda vagadziri vemazuva ano. Zvinonzi yakafuridzira kusikwa kwemaJapan kimonos neKorea Hanbok.
Hunhu hweChinese zvipfeko
Zvinopera pasina kutaura kuti zvipfeko zveChinese zvine maitiro anoita kuti zvive zvakasiyana uye zvisinganzwisisiki, chiratidzo chetsika yenyika iyi yeAsia.
Iine dhizaini iri nyore, yakarukwa miganhu, yakashongedzwa mashishi, machira akadhindwa, zvishongedzo zvemapfudzi uye masheshi, ayo anowanzo wedzerwa sekushongedza, iwo akasiyana madhizaini ane akasiyana maitiro anoita kuti chinyakare chipfeko cheChinese ive chakakosha. Pakati peakajairika maitiro echiChinese zvipfeko, tinowana:
1-Mavara akasviba
Mavara erima anoshandiswa zvakanyanya mune zvechinyakare zvekuChina zvipfeko, nekuda kweizvi kupfuura kune akareruka mavara. Zvipfeko zvemhemberero zvaiwanzove zvakasviba muruvara, asi zvine mapendero akajeka uye achipenya. Matoni akareruka aiwanzokosheswa muzvipfeko zvemazuva ese zvemugariwo zvake.
2-Ruvara rwemichato rwakatsvuka
Tsvuku ivara rinoshandiswa zvakanyanya, iro rinonyanya kufarirwa mumitambo yakawanda uye zviitiko zvevakawanda veChinese, sezvo richimiririra rombo rakanaka uye nekunaka.
MuChina, vanhu vazhinji vanopfeka zvitsvuku pavanopemberera mimwe mitambo kana zviitiko zvinonyanya kukosha muhupenyu hwavo, senge muchato wekuChina.
Goridhe nesirivheri mavara anoshandiswa zvakanyanya mukushongedza kana zvasvika kune chimwe chinhu chakanaka, senge kupemberera zuva rekuzvarwa, kukwidziridzwa uye michato, sezvo inofananidzira hupfumi, kuwanda uye kubudirira.
3-Mavara zvichienderana nemwaka
VaChinese vanobatanidza mamwe mavara nemwaka chaiwo, somuenzaniso, girini inomiririra chitubu uye kumabvazuva, tsvuku inofananidzira zhizha uye kumaodzanyemba, chena inomiririra matsutso uye kumadokero, uye dema inofananidzira chando uye kuchamhembe.
4-Mavara emariro machena uye matema
Mariro muChina anoitwa nenzira dzakasiyana, zvichienderana nezera remufi, magariro avo uye zvikonzero zvekufa. Zvisinei, mune chero mamiriro ezvinhu, mavara ezvipfeko zvekupfeka pamariro ndeakasviba uye machena.
5- Dhizaini
Peony uye maruva emvura magadzirirwo aishandiswa zvakanyanya mukupfeka, kuve zviratidzo zvehupfumi uye kunaka.
Paive nemamwe magadzirirwo aiitirwa zvipfeko zvechinyakare zvehumambo, izvo zvaiwanzoshongedzwa nemadhiragoni, mazuvano aya mapatani eumambo ari kuve akakurumbira, vanhu vazhinji vanopfeka imwe yekare modhi nhasi, vanosarudza aya madhizaini emadzitateguru.
Chinese Imperial Dress
Longpao kana dhiragoni chipfeko, chipfeko chehumambo cheChinese, chimiro chejasi refu, chine dhizaini uye nehunyanzvi hwekushongedza dhiragoni. Madzimambo echiChinese akashandisa Longpao kuenda kumatare zuva rega rega, yaive rudzi rweyunifomu yepamutemo.
Zvakadaro, vaive nekushandiswa kwakakosha kumitambo, mitambo nekushanya kuTembere, ivo vakagadzirwa nesirika yemhando yepamusoro ine zvishongo zvakakosha. Chipfeko ichi chaive cheumbozha uye chakaoma kugadzira, chaida basa revanosona vana nyanzvi muchidimbu uye kukwenenzvera kwacho kwakawedzera kusvika makore maviri.
Mamwe marekodhi anoratidza kuti iyo Longpao ine madhiragi mapfumbamwe akadhindwa, ayo anowanzo kuwanikwa pachipfuva, kumashure, mabvi, mapendekete uye mukati me sutu.
Muchaunga chekare, vanhu vaipfeka zvinoenderana nekwavanogara uye chinzvimbo, saka zvaive nyore kusiyanisa pakati pevanhuwo zvavo nevanhu vepamusoro. Mumwe nemumwe aive nemimwe mitemo ine chekuita nemapfekero avo, mamodheru, mavara uye magadzirirwo, aine zvipfeko zvakaita seLongpao izvo zvakaitirwa chete kushandiswa naMambo.
Yekutanga sutu yehumambo yaive nhema, asi ruvara rwayo rwakachinja zvichienderana nedzinza zvakare, semuenzaniso:
- Imba yeXia, dzinza rekwaZhou uye mambo wekutanga weQin vese vakashandisa dema seruvara rwepamutemo.
- Dynasties yeSui neTang yakasarudza ruvara rweyero.
- Madzinza eRwiyo neMing akaita kuti ruvara rutsvuku rwuve chiremera seruvara rwamambo nedare.
Zvipfeko muChina panguva yeRevolution
Pashure pokunge Bato reCommunist reChina ratora simba munyika iyi yeAsia, chimwe chezvisarudzo zvaro kwaiva kurambidza tsika dzose dzaiva nechokuita neumambo hweChina hwakabviswa. Naizvozvo, zvipfeko zvechinyakare zveChinese zvakasiyana uye mataurirwo akasiyana ehunyanzvi anoonekwa sezvishandiso zvemakirasi epamusoro uye mabhunu kuti ataure nezvemakirasi emagariro.
NaMao Zedong ane simba, vagari vekuChina vakasiya zvipfeko zvakanaka uye zvakasiyana-siyana zvechinyakare, kuti vapfeke masutu anozivikanwa eZhongshan kana masutu eMaoist.
Yakafemerwa nemaitiro ekuMadokero, ine jaketi rakatwasuka, homwe ina, mabhatani mashanu ekumberi uye matatu pane yega yega sleeve. Vatungamiri vatsva vezvematongerwo enyika vakasimbisa kuti zvipfeko zverudzi urwu muChina zvinobatanidza vanhu, sezvo zvaishandiswa nevagari vese zvakaenzana, zvisinei nekirasi kana murume.
Tinokukoka iwe kuti utarise zvimwe zvinyorwa pane ino blog, izvo zvingave zvaunofarira kwauri: