Chii chinonzi Andalusian dialect?: Hunhu, maitiro uye nezvimwe

Muchikamu chino Andalusian dialect Muverengi anozoziva zvine chekuita nekutaura kweAndalusian, pamwe nehunhu hwayo uye maitiro, izvo zvinoita kuti zvikwanisike uye nemhando dzakasiyana siyana dzakatorwa nemutauro wechiSpanish muAndalusia.

Chii chinonzi Andalusian dialect?

The Andalusian dialect is a grammatical style ye Spanish iyo inoitwa kunyanya muAndalusia, Ceuta ne Melilla, pamwe nekune mamwe matunhu edunhu reBadajoz, uye nevanhu vanobva kuAndalusia, vobva vatamira kune mamwe maguta kana matunhu epurovhinzi. .nyika.

Saizvozvowo, matauriro aya anoshandiswa muGibraltar, inyika duku iri kumucheto kwekumaodzanyemba kweIberian Peninsula, inoganhurana neSpain.

The Andalusian dialect imitauro yakasiyana-siyana yeSpanish. Mukushandiswa kwemutauro uyu, zvimwe zviitiko zvinogadzirwa muzvikamu zvese zvegirama, zvinoti: phonological, morphological, lexical uye syntactic, zvichingova kune izvi zvakasiyana.

Mutauro weAndalusian uri mukati memhando huru yakatenderedza girama yeCastilian. Mukuita kwemutauro uyu, zvimwe zvivakamutauro zvinogadzirwa zvinoita kuti mutauro weAndalusian usiyane, kusanganisira: phonological, morphological, lexical uye syntactic, izvo zvinoita kuti kusiyana uku kuve kwakasiyana.

Andalusian dialect phenomena

Zviitiko zvakatanhamara zvinogona kuwanikwa mune iyi Andalusian modhi ndeiyi:

• iyo lisp
• iyo lisp
• Kubviswa kwepakati uye yekupedzisira "s"
• Kubviswa kwe "d" mumagumo "ado" - "ido"
• The Yeismo
• Andalusia ye "e"

Isu tichakuzivisa iwe mune ino chinyorwa, nenzira yakapfupikiswa, pane izvo zviitiko zvakavakirwa:

iyo lisp

Ndezvekutaura vara “c” sekunge ibhii “s”. Somuenzaniso: “sine” panzvimbo yebhaisikopo; “sapato” nokuda kweshangu, “cerveza” nokuda kwedoro, pamwe chete namashoko akawanda anoteverwa namabhii adudzwa pamusoro apa.

iyo lisp

Icho chinhu chakapesana, icho chinoshandura, kuti pakutaura vara "s" setsamba "c", semuenzaniso: "cevilla" yeSeville, "ceñor" ye senor, zvichingodaro, inoitika nemakonzonendi maviri aya.

Mhere nemuromo

Ivo vanoonekwa muzana ramakore regumi nemana muguta reSeville, uye vakapararira muAndalusia yose, iyo seseo iri, imhando yemitauro inomiririra makirasi anozivikanwa emagariro, nepo ceceo inomiririra makirasi epasi.

Parizvino seseo iripo mune dzimwe nzvimbo muSeville, kunyanya kumaodzanyemba kwedunhu reCórdoba, pamwe nemumataundi eMálaga neJaén, ari kumuganhu nedunhu reCórdoba.

Ipo ceceo ichifukidza chikamu chakakura chedunhu, kubva mudunhu reHuelva, muCádiz, uye chikamu chikuru chedunhu reMálaga neSeville, uye yakawanda yepurovhinzi yeGranada, kumabvazuva kwepurovhinzi yekupedzisira. , iyo tsamba. "c" inosiyana kubva kune vara "s", iro rinosiyaniswa mune yakasara yeAndalusia.

Munzvimbo dzinogadzirwa seseo, mukati mematunhu ececeantes, vanonzi islets. Kazhinji, zvinonzi maAndalusians haatauri mabhii "eses", chokwadi ndechokuti vanoabudisa mumamiriro epakati ezwi, uye havaatauri pakupedzisira.

Ivo havazviite nekunyepedzera, asi nekuda kwekufambira mberi kweCastilian munzvimbo idzi, izvo zvatendera kuti chokwadi ichi chiitike. Chinhu chimwe chiri pachena ndechekuti mutauro weAndalusian hautauri mabhii epakati "eses" kana ekupedzisira. Zvisinei, muAndalusian anonzwisiswa zvakarurama zvaanotaura.

Chimwe chiitiko chinoonekwa mumutauro weAndalusian inyaya yekusiya vara rekuti "d" parinowanikwa pakati pemavhawero uye mumagumo ezwi "ado", "ido", iyo isingangoitike muAndalusian, inoonekwawo mu. mamwe mazwi.

Saizvozvo, Yeísmo haina kungogumira kumutauro weAndalusian zvakare, inorara panguva yekutaura pakati petsamba "ll" uye mataurirwo etsamba "y". Nezvechinhu ichi, zvinogona kutaurwa kuti ingangoita iyo Peninsula yese ndeyeista, kunze kwenzvimbo dzisina chimiro ichi chekurira.

Chekupedzisira, isu tichataura nezve chiitiko chinoitika mune dzimwe nzvimbo, kunyanya iyo Andalusian ndima, chiri chinhu chakanyanya, chiri pamusoro:

Andalusia yetsamba "e"

Inonyanya kuzivikanwa nezita iri mune mamwe matunhu eAndalusia, kunyanya mune mamwe maguta eSeville, pedyo nekumadokero kwedunhu reCórdoba, nemataundi ari pamhenderekedzo yeGranada seMotril, uko kunoitika zvinotevera: kuwanda kwevakadzi, kunopera “se”, dzinopera na“es”.

Ichi chiitiko chinoitika kumhando yenhoroondo, iri nguva yeReconquest. Nzvimbo idzi dzaigarwa naMambo Alfonso VI, nevanhu vanobva kuumambo hweAsturian neLeonese, uye sezvinozivikanwa nevakawanda, kutaura kwakasiyana-siyana kweshumba kubva pakati peAsturian, kunoburitsa huwandu hwavo hwechikadzi mu "es". Saka, nekuda kwekugarwa nevagari ava, vakaunza chiitiko chaive chadzika midzi munharaunda.

Naizvozvo, mumaguta akawanda akadai sePuente Genil de Córdoba, kana kuti Estepa de Sevilla, pamwe chete nomumhenderekedzo yegungwa yeGranada, mashoko akadai sa“vaques” anonzwika nokuda kwemhou, “pesetes” nokuda kwepesetas, aya mashoko haachinjiki. kumataurirwo echiAndalusian, zvinoreva kuti vara “s” riri pamagumo ezwi racho, rakasiyiwa.

Nhoroondo, magariro uye tsika overtones

Nezvenyaya yekuziva genesis yemutauro weAndalusian, zvakakosha kuratidza kuti pane zvinyorwa zvakadzidziswa zvinoratidza kugara kweAndalusia yengano, uko kwaive nenzira yakakosha yekutaura chiCastilian, chete padanho remazwi uye phonological.

Mupfungwa iyi, vanogona kuonekwa muvanyori Juan de Valdés mubhuku rake rinonzi Dialogue of the written language mugore ra1535, kwaanotsoropodza Antonio de Lebrija. Saizvozvowo, inogona kuonekwa mubasa raDon Quixote, chitsauko II, naMiguel de Cervantes. Inogonawo kuwanikwa mubasa El Buscón naFrancisco de Quevedo. Saizvozvowo, munyori Prosper Mérimée anoita kuti zvive pachena mubhuku rake rekunyora Carmen. Kuti udzidze zvakawanda zvinonakidza ruzivo, tinokurudzira kuti ushanyire kutanga sei nyaya

Kukoshesa Kwemitauro uye Zviri Mukati

Zvinogona kuwanikwa kuti kubva muchimiro chemitauro uye zvinoenderana nefonetiki yavo, lexical uye morphological mataurirwo anoasiyanisa kubva kune chimwe chikamu chepeninsular mataurirwo, nzira yekutaura muAndalusia, anoratidza maitiro akafanana seyeismo uye aspiration yetsamba. "s", iyo inoonekwawo kumaodzanyemba kweCastilla, La Mancha, Madrid, Murcia uye Extremadura.

Castilian dialects kuSpain nemimwe mitauro yepeninsular

Kana tichitaura nezvechikamu chenguva, iyo Andalusian inoratidza zvinonyatsooneka maficha maererano nemutauro weiyo boreal Spanish dialect. Zvichipa izvi, vanogona kutsanangurwa muzviitiko zvinotevera:

Chekutanga: Andalusian inochengetedzwa semutauro unobva munhoroondo yeCastilian, inotorwa seyakasimba yepakutanga mitauro mukugadzirwa kwemutauro wechiSpanish.

Chechipiri: mutauro weAndalusian unotariswa semhando yemitauro inozvarwa kubva mumutauro wechiSpanish pachawo, unozivikanwa semutauro wemutauro une tsika uye kunamata, iyo yakavakirwa pachiCastilian chekare. Pfungwa yakadai yakagamuchirwa nehungwaru munguva yenhoroondo, kuburikidza nepfupiso yezvikamu zvakatorwa kubva mumitauro yakasiyana yeIberian Peninsula, kutora chikamu kwemaitiro akafanana nemimwe mitauro yeSpanish, uye kupindira kwemitauro yekunze yakasiyana.

Muchikamu chakafanana, mutauro weAndalusian unosiyaniswa nenzira yakakosha kubva kumutauro weSpanish wekuverenga kana wekare. Kubva pane iyi nzira, pane misiyano pakati peAndalusian nemamwe madimikira eCastilian ayo anodudzwa kuSpain, ane chaiwo akafanana, kunyangwe zvichienderana nezviitiko pazvinoitika.

Pesvedzero yeAndalusian muCanary Islands neAmerica

Kubatana pakati pemutauro weAndalusian nemamwe madimikira echiSpanish, kunze kweIberian Peninsula, kazhinji kusimba pane iwo ane misiyano yemitauro yehafu yekuchamhembe kweSpain.

Zvinoonekwa mumadimikira: Canarian, Chilean, Peruvian, River Plate neCaribbean Spanish, pamwe neamwe, ane fananidzo neAndalusian, mamwe hunhu hwakanyanya senge: yeísmo uye chishuvo chebhii "s ” kupera kwevhawero.

Mhando yemukati yeAndalusian

Iyo Andalusian dialect inzira yekutaura isina kumbobvira yanakidzwa nekubatanidzwa kana kunyoreswa zviri pamutemo. Naizvozvo, maficha ayo anoratidzwa nenzira dzakasiyana munzvimbo yese yeAndalusian, iyo yechokwadi, inomiririra basa rakaoma kuti riite.

Izvi zvakasiyana-siyana zvemukati zvinoita kuti vazhinji vapikisane nezita rokuti "Andalusian dialect", uye vanosarudza kubata chokwadi chemutauro wendima, vachishandisa mutsara wekuti "mutauro weAndalusian".

social reflection

Izvi zvinoreva "kutaura kwakashata" kwevaAndalusians uye diglossia, zvinoreva: mamiriro ekugarisana kwemarudzi maviri emitauro mukati mehuwandu hwevanhu kana nharaunda, iyo inonyanya kuratidzwa mumutauro weAndalusian.

Asi, nokuda kwezvikonzero zvezvakaitika kare, zvemagariro evanhu uye zvematongerwo enyika, ndizvo zvakabvumira vazhinji veSpain kuti vave nekutenda, kunyanya mune vamwe vaAndalusi, kuti Andalusian haisi iyo nzira yakarurama yekuzvitaura, asi pane zvinopesana, inongova kusakwana uye kusina kukwana. yemutauro wechiSpanish.

Kune izvo zvinodzokororwa, kuti mutauro weAndalusian unoshandiswa mukutaura kunosetsa kwevamwe mavara, zvichipa zvinosetsa zvinoturikira. Saka, izvi zvaburitsa kuti kune yakakurumbira maonero asina kunaka emutauro weAndalusian, unoitwa nevanhu vazhinji vane mitauro yakasiyana yekuSpain.

Sezvinogona kusimbiswa, kune shanduro dzinoramba, dzinoramba kana kungoparadzanisa Andalusian kubva pakutanga kwezana remakore rechiXNUMX. Kubva muzana ramakore rechi XNUMX, pfungwa isina kunaka yeAndalusian yakachengetwa muzvirevo zviviri zvisina kururama:

Kutanga: kuratidza kuti Andalusian i "vulgar deformation" ye "chaiyo" Spanish, inova pfungwa yekunze kwemitauro.

Chechipiri: vanotaura kuti Andalusian inofananidzira kusaziva uye kumiswa kwetsika kwevaAndalusi, izvo zvakadzivisa zviitiko zviviri zvinokosha. The archaism yeAndalusian linguistic features, isati yatanga dambudziko remagariro evanhu rakaitika muAndalusia, uye kuti, mukuwedzera, nzira yeAndalusian yekuzviratidza haingozivikanwi nemhando dzayo dzefoni, asiwo nezwi guru rayo, uye. nemorphosyntactic uye semantic maficha ake.

Aya mazano anowanzoenderana nekuti vazhinji vatauri vanobva kune dzakasiyana siyana dzakaramba dzichisangana nemutauro weAndalusian, kuburikidza nekubatana zvakananga nevatorwa nevashandi vaifarira zvishoma mukurumbira wemagariro, avo vakaendeswa kunzvimbo dzakasiyana dzeindasitiri kuchamhembe.

Chimiro chepasi uye mukurumbira wemagariro wakagoverwa kuvanhu ava uye kupatsanurwa kwavakarongerwa sekuwedzerwa kune mitauro yakasiyana-siyana yaitaurwa navo. Kuzvidzwa uye kurambwa kwavakatambura nekuda kwekutaura kwakasiyana-siyana kwezvematongerwo enyika uye nhaurirano.

Kana iri iyi pfungwa yakaongororwa yeAndalusian, munharaunda yevatauri veSpanish vemarudzi akasiyana-siyana, kuvepo kweboka rinozivikanwa revaAndalusian rinowedzerwa, avo mukufamba kwenhoroondo yavo vakabvisa Andalusian. Izvi zvakaitirwa kugadzirisa zvakasununguka kune yakakurumbira kusiyana kwechikoro kwakavakirwa pamutauro wakanyorwa.

Iyo inyaya inogona kuburitswa, maererano nedzidzo, mukurumbira wemagariro uye tsika dzedzidzo, mutauro weSpanish wakadzidza wakachengetwa pamwe chete muAndalusia, nepo mutauro weAndalusian uchitsanangurwa seunozivikanwa uye usingazivi.

Ichi chikamu chinogona kushandurwa, kune chokwadi chokuti chinouya pamwe chete nekudzidza kuchikoro, mukurumbira wemagariro evanhu, kuwedzera kune kudzidziswa kwezvidzidzo, izvo zvakagara zvichibatanidzwa mukati memutauro weAndalusian uye mazwi echiSpanish ane kuverenga, kunyange zvazvo nzira yeAndalusian yekutaura, mumutauro wayo. nguva dzakarondedzerwa sedzechinyakare uye dzisina kudzidza.

Zvinogona kuratidzwa kuti chirevo muAndalusia, diglossia yakasimba yakagadzirwa, iyo inoshandura kusagadzikana kwekutaura kwemafoni, ndicho chikonzero iyo yakagara yakavhara maAndalusian munzira yekukurukurirana, uye mune zvechisikigo uye zvenguva dzose kutsvaga kwemitauro. Tinokukumbira nomufaro kuti uverenge kuverenga kunotevera Morphological analysis

Nzira dzisina kunaka pamusoro pemutauro weAndalusian

Sezvatsanangurwa pamusoro apa, pane dambudziko guru rekushomeka kwekutaura pakati pevaAndalusi, vasina kunakidzwa nekuva nechikamu chemhando yemitauro mumutauro wavo.

Munguva dzazvino, shanduko dzakapfava dzakaitika kuti dzisunungure maomero uye kunetseka kwavakange vari chinhu, zvisinei, kusatenda kwakakwana kwemutauro weAndalusian kuchiri kuchengetedzwa, nevamwe veAndalusi, pamwe nenhamba yakanaka yevaSpanish vasiri kubva. yenharaunda iyi yeAndalusian.

Kuonga kusingafadzi uku kunoratidzwa nekubatanidzwa kuripo mumapoka akasiyana-siyana, achicherechedza kuti hukama hunoitika kubva pakutonga kwekufananidzira kweboka rimwe pamusoro perimwe, sezvakasimbiswa naPierre Bourdieu, nyanzvi yemazuva ano yemagariro evanhu, nyanzvi mune zvakasiyana-siyana zvesayenzi yemagariro evanhu .

Icho chinongedzo, chinotangira pachokwadi chekuti muongorori wemitauro, purofesa weAndalusian anonzi Ígor Rodríguez Iglesias, anoidana kuti "hybris of the metalinguistic zero point", anofumura nzira iyo boka rinosuma naro girama, magariro uye tsika. zvinomiririra. , uko kukosha kwakaiswa kuderedza maitiro emamwe mapoka.

Metalinguistic zero point inobva paruzivo rwakafumurwa nemuzivi akazvarwa kuColombia Santiago Castro Gómez, anoti inodyidzana nekupatsanurwa kwenzvimbo dzekuvapo. munyori weCaribbean weMartinique mavambo.

Saizvozvowo, kushandiswa kuduku kwemutauro weAndalusian kunogona kuonekwa mune zvakasiyana-siyana zvemashoko, izvo zvakakosha zvikuru. Zvinoonekwa muzvirongwa zvakasiyana zveAndalusian Radio neTerevhizheni kuti nyanzvi dzekutaurirana dzinorondedzera zvirongwa zvavo pasi pekusiyana kwechirongwa ichi, maererano nekuvapo kwemataurirwo epakati uye kuchamhembe kweSpain.

Zvazvakadaro, muSpaniard ane chirevo cheAndalusian, chinogumira kune chishuwo chebhii "s", iyo seseo uye zvimwe zviitiko zvefonetiki zvinotenderwa.

Mubhuku reCanal Sur TV's style, rinokodzera mazhinji emitauro yeAndalusian seanokatyamadza, itsigiro yebasa rakapihwa kumutauro weAndalusian, kuburikidza nenhau dzehurumende.

Kutariswa kwemutemo nemasangano

Kutaura mune zvemutemo uye zvemasangano, mutauro weAndalusian unoonekwa se "Andalusian Linguistic Modality", maererano nemirairo iri muStatute of Autonomy yeAndalusia yegore 2007, pamwe chete neBazi reDzidzo neSainzi yeJunta. yeAndalusia, zvisinei, inoshaya yepamutemo mitauro sangano kana academy inovamiririra kubva kune iripo Junta de Andalucía.

Asi, zvazvakadaro, chikamu ichi hachina basa mudzimba dzakasiyana dzezvidzidzo, kusaruramisa kana kugadzirisa vadzidzi kana vachishandisa mutauro uyu.

Kumiririrwa kwemitauro: fonetiki uye phonological

Muchidimbu ichi tichave tichikuudza nezve fonetiki uye phonological chikamu cheAndalusian Spanish, iyo inocherechedzwa nekushandiswa kwematoni nemanzwi nemadictions avo chaiwo, emhando dzakasiyana dzine manzwi akasiyana zvishoma mumitauro yeboreal yenyika yeIberia. .

Saka, kusaenzana, kunyanya muchimiro chefonetiki, uyezve phonological, morphological kana syntax, zvinouya kuzomiririra aya epakutanga hunhu hwefonetiki hunoiganhura, pamwe nemaitiro echiAndalusian Spanish.

Saizvozvo, zvinofanirwa kucherechedzwa kuti imwe chiyero chemazwi eAndalusian inoramba ichiripo, iyo kakawanda yavanogovana nemitauro yeAmerica.

Mashoma mafonetiki anoitika muAndalusia anobva panzvimbo, mazhinji acho achingogumira kune dzimwe nzvimbo, sekugovera kwayo geolatal kana dialectal complex, zvinoreva seti yemitauro yakasiyana-siyana inotaurwa munzvimbo dziri pedyo.

Uye zvakare yakasarudzika sociolectal, zvinoreva magariro kana magariro dialect inotsanangura mitauro yakasiyana-siyana inoshandiswa neboka revanhu, uye inoitikawo mune mamwe mitauro, izvo zvinoreva chimiro chenzvimbo kana nyika yekuzvarwa kweumwe, chizvarwa, chete iva mutauro weSpain, uyo usina kuongororwa sezvakaita nyaya yeAndalusia.

Muchikamu chinoreva hurongwa hwemanzwi, marudzi ese aripo muAndalusia, ane huwandu hwemafonimu emakonzonendi gumi nemanomwe, anoti: “BD f G hklmn ɲ p ɾ rstj”. Mune dzimwe nzvimbo, mamwe ese achiri kushanda, senge rekare "h", rinobva kuLatin "f".

General phonetic features

Mutauro weAndalusian unonyanya kuratidzwa nemataurirwo akasiyana kubva kuSpanish, achizviratidza nemuunganidzwa wakakura wemazwi ekuzvarwa, ayo akawedzera kuSpanish anoumba hupfumi hwakasiyana mumazwi ayo.

Pakati peakawanda akanyanya kukosha maitiro ndeaya:

• Mavhawero: ane mavhawero akawanda.
• Seseo: Matauriro ake emavara ekuti "cz", semuenzaniso: taura grasia, pachinzvimbo chenyasha.
• Ceceo: Mataurirwo ako evara rekuti “s” sekuti “cz”, semuenzaniso: zolo, pachinzvimbo chekuti wega. Pamberi penzanga haigamuchirwi, nokuti haiwaniki muvanhu vakadzidza.
• Yeísmo: Mataurirwo e "ll" se "uye", semuenzaniso: yeno yekuzara.
• Konsonanti aspirations: vara "h" kubva "f" pekutanga, muenzaniso: jumo reutsi.
• Mataurirwo anoitwa vara "j", semuenzaniso: coha, pachinzvimbo chekaremara.
• Vara rekuti "s" risinganzwisisike, pamagumo ezwi rinogona kushuvira, semuenzaniso: puroh, pachinzvimbo chepursos, kana kubvisa: muenzaniso: mbeva, pachinzvimbo chembeva. Mukati me syllable unogona kushuvira, semuenzaniso: mohca pachinzvimbo chekubhururuka, kana kuberekazve, semuenzaniso; zvakanaka pane kururamisira.

• Neutralization yemavara asina kujeka "lr", semuenzaniso: harpist, pane canary grass; bebel pachinzvimbo chekunwa, uye mushoko arcarde, pachinzvimbo chekududza meya.
• Kurasika kwemavara anopindirana “d, g, r”, semuenzaniso: quemaúra, auja, pachinzvimbo chekutaura tsono, pamwe nekutaura pea pachinzvimbo chepear.
• Kurasika kwemavara “l, r, n at the end”, semuenzaniso: caná pachinzvimbo chemugero; Ndakatengesa panzvimbo pokutengesa; shava pachinzvimbo chebrown.
• Fonetic shanduko yebhii "ch", inogona kunzwika semavara "sh" semuenzaniso mushasho pane mukomana.
• Kutsiva iwe pachinzvimbo chako, semuenzaniso: iwe unodzidza kana iwe unodzidza
• Neutralization yepakutanga kana intervocalic ruzha rwemavara "s" uye "z", izvo, zvichienderana nenharaunda, zvinoguma ne lisp kana hiss. Iyo ceceo inogona kuwanikwa munzvimbo dzakawanda dzeMedithera dzeAndalusia, chokwadi mudunhu reCádiz, uye kumaodzanyemba kweSeville, Huelva, Granada neAlmería.
• Kushandurwa kwetsamba "s" pamagumo ezwi muchidimbu chishuvo, icho chinogona kazhinji kuchinja konsonanti, ngationei muenzaniso: muchiCastilian tinoti "los barco", nepo muAndalusian aizotaura "» loh varcoh », zvinoonekwa kuti vara “b” rakagadziridzwa mulabiodental nechiito chekushuvira.
• Kurambwa kwetsamba ye intervocalic "d", iyo inocherechedzwa kunyanya muzvikamu, semuenzaniso mumashoko: «cantao», «drink» kana «partío»
• Kurambwa kwemakonzonendi akawanda pamagumo, semuenzaniso, anocherechedzwa mumashoko anoti: "uya", panzvimbo yekutaura idya, "comierciá" yekutengeserana, kana iyo nyaya ye "comuniá, pane kutaura nzanga.
• Kusiiwa kwe“de” sechiratidzo chekuva nacho, semuenzaniso kutaura: “casa María”, pachinzvimbo chekuti casa de María.
• Batanidza mumazita chaiwo, semuenzaniso: La Marta, El Pedro, pakati pevamwe vakawanda.
• Kushaikwa kwelaísmo, leísmo, loísmo munenge munharaunda yose yeAndalusi, kunze kwemaguta makuru, kushandisa mafungiro akasimba nenzira yeCastilian, iyo inogadza leísmo yemunhu, somuenzaniso: "Ndakamukwazisa", panzvimbo yekutaura. ndakamumhoresa.
• Mumashoko avo, kune simba reLeonese, Portuguese, Aragonese, Murcian, Valencian pamwe neCatalan.
• Kuvapo kwenhamba yakanaka yemazwi, ayo anoshandiswa chete muAndalusia, akadai se: arkausí, arresío, ehmoresío, arkatufa, arkansía, hamá, ayo anobva kuAndalusian Arabic.

• Kutsiviwa kwemazwi: "iwe" kune "iwe", pasina kushandura chimiro cheshoko, semuenzaniso pavanoti: Uri kuenda kuimba yemitambo here?, izvi zvinongoonekwa munharaunda yekumadokero. Mumutauro wezvizhinji, shanduko yakakosha inoonekwa, senge: "unonyarara", ukuwo Castilian achiti: "unonyarara"

Nekufamba kwenguva, dzidzo uye ruzhinji rwevateereri venhau vanoshandisa chiSpanish chetsika, mune zvakawanda zvezvambotaurwa, vanowanzo chengetedza kugoverwa kwediglossia, pakati peiyo imwe isingashandiswe mukutaura kwepamutemo. chimiro cheCastilian modhi. Tinokurudzira kuti uverenge mabhuku egaucho

The Andalusian linguistic modality

Mamiriro emutauro weAndalusian inzira yekuzviratidza zvakasiyana kubva kune dzimwe nzira dzematunhu akasiyana, nekuda kwezvinhu zvakakosha:

Kuenzana kwetsamba "l" uye "r" implosives

Munzvimbo dzinoverengeka muAndalusia, zvakajairika kutsiva vara "l" netsamba "r", kunyanya kana inowanikwa mukati mezwi. Asi, iyi modhi haisi chinhu chepasirese chinoshandiswa munzvimbo yese yeAndalusi, zvese zvinoenderana nekirasi uye tsika yemagariro, inogona kubviswa.

Kusave nemusiyano pakati pemavara "s" na "o" muchikamu chekutanga kana chinopindirana.

Iyo modhi inogona kugadziriswa kuburikidza nekushandiswa kwececeo, seseo uye heheo. Zvimwe zvirevo zvakawedzerwa zveAndalusian, senge EPA kurudziro yekunyora kweAndalusian yakagadziridzwa muna 2017, inoreva grapheme "c" kuratidza chiitiko chekusagadzikana kunogadzirwa pakati pemafoni maviri.

Kuenzana kwetsamba "ll" uye vara "y", kunonzi yeísmo kana kuti mataurirwo ebhii elle sekunge ndiwe.

Ngationei muenzaniso nenzira iyi: Ndiani asingaiti bîtto Çebiya no a bîtto marabiya, iyo inoshandura: uyo asina kuona Seville haana kuona zvinoshamisa.

Kurasika kwemavara “s” mumakonzonendi

Muchiitiko ichi, inzwi retsamba "s" rinobviswa kana riri pakati pemakonzonendi. Hapana zvachose kusiiwa: muAndalusian, pane kudhindwa kwemakonzonendi kuti utore mukana wekushuvira, izvo zvinowanzotora nzvimbo yayo yekutaura, uye dzimwe nguva inobata chishuwo chakapfava pamberi pekonzonendi.

Andalusia yakakamurwa kuita mapoka matatu

Zvinoreva izvi ndezvekuti Occidental inoumbwa nematunhu matatu akanyanyisa, uko konsonanti ine ruzha rukuru inotora nzvimbo, uye inozviita nechishuwo; nepo Oriental ichiumbwa kubva kuCórdoba kuenda kuAlmería uye ichiburitsa makonzonendi asina hanya evaviri ava anoumbwa neaspiration plus sonorous konsonanti; iyo yeCentral, inosanganisira iyo Costa del Sol nemakomo ayo anotsemuka zvinyoro nyoro munzvimbo yekumabvazuva nekumadokero, uye inopindirawo muhunhu hwezvose zviri zviviri.

Kurasikirwa nenguva kwetsamba "o"

Pane zviitiko zviviri zvine kufanana kwekurasikirwa chaiko kwetsamba "o"

Dzimwe nguva kurasika kwetsamba "e"

Panyaya iyi, zvinoonekwa kuti chinyorwa chechirume chimwechete icho chinoreva "the" chinogona kusiiwa chisina vara "e", parikutangira mazita anotanga nevhawero.

Mataurirwo etsamba "s" predorsal kana flat coronal

Mumutauro weAndalusian, predorsal tsamba "s" inokunda mumataurirwo ayo, uye flat coronal letter "s", zvinoreva coronal consonant ndiyo inotsanangurwa nechemberi chikamu cherurimi, chiri pamberi pe " s" yakanyanyisa iyo inokunda yakasara yeIberian Peninsula. Vanhu vanotaura seseantes sevaya vanosiyanisa mavara "s" na "z" vanofanira kushandisa imwe yeeses.

Saizvozvowo, miromo dzimwe nguva inoshandisa chimwe chazvo, kana ichichinja matauriro adzo pane dzimwe nguva kana nekuda kwezviitiko zvinovatungamirira kudaro.

Mataurirwo etsamba "ch" fricative (mataurirwo nenhengo dzemuromo wemuromo)

Iyi modhi haitike munharaunda yekumabvazuva, iko kuurayiwa kwezwi rekonsonanti yetsamba yeCastilian "ch", inogona kunzwika senge "ch" yechiFrench nechiPutukezi, Chirungu "sh" kana "sch". ” kubva kuGerman.

Kushuvira kwetsamba "x"

Rinonongedzera kuCastilian jota, ndiko kududzwa kunoshuviwa kwetsamba “x”, jota yomutauro, uye yebhii rokuti “g” kana rine inzwi sokunge riri joti, richidudza vara rinoshuviwa “h” mu. nenzira imwechete Chirungu kana chiGerman iyo "h".

Kushuvira kwetsamba "h" kubva pabhii rekutanga rechiLatin "f"

Muchiitiko ichi, chirevo chekutsvaga chetsamba "h" chinoponeswa, chinobva kune tsamba yekutanga yechiLatini "f", iyo muchiSpanish haina inzwi. Dzimwe nguva, mamwe "haches" anofemerwawo, ayo asingabvi kubva muchiLatin "efe".

Iyi nzira yekushuvira yakatsanangurwa netsika sechimiro chakanyanya pakati pechiAndalusian demonym, ndosaka yasvika pakunyomba muAndalusia nekunze kwenharaunda yayo, ichiishandisa kumazwi asina pakutanga.

Kushuvira kwetsamba yeSpanish "f"

Iko kushandurwa kwakajairwa kwechishuwo chetsamba "f", kusvika kune vara "h" kusvika kune iyo yakajairwa Spanish haina kutambura nazvo, kunyanya mumashoko: zvaive, ini ndaive, mune mamwe marudzi e Andalusian dialect, vanoona kushuvira kwekutanga.

Implosive consonant aspiration

Muchikamu chino tichataura nezve implosive consonant aspiration, kunova kuputika kwemhepo kwakasimba uko, pamwe chete nekuzorora kwezvipingamupinyi zvinonzwika. Kubva papfungwa iyi, anonzi makonzonendi asina kujeka: “r, s, z, x, c, p, t, d, g, b, f naj” anoshuviwa. Kunyange zvazvo iri mushishi rokuvavarira, inzwi rekonzonendi rinoritevera rinochinjwa nokuridzokorora neimwe nzira maererano nokunzwika kwezvimiro zvinozivisa konzonendi.

Chishuvo chebhii rekuti “r” richiteverwa nevara “n”, uye “l”

Zvakakosha kuratidza kuti mumutauro uyu mavara "n" uye tsamba "l" akatarisa uye akadhindwa. Kana tichitaura nezvemisanganiswa yefonetiki "rn" na "rl", zvinoitika neshuviro yevaraidzo isina kujeka "r", uye kudzokororwa kwebhii "n", kana kukundikana sebhii "l".

Zvinogona kuonekwa zvakajeka kuti nekuda kwekudzokorora, chido chinova chemhino uye kuti iyi nasalization inobata zvakananga vowel inouya kune mavara "l" kana tsamba "r".

Kushuvira kwebhii rekuti “s” rinotangira mavara “p” uye “k” (“cy qu”)

Somugumisiro wekushuva kwemavara "s", "p", "k", ayo anodzokororwa, anove aspirated consonants, uye kwete kumira.

Kushuvira kwemavara “s” kana “k/” («c») kusinganzwisisike kunotangira vara “t”

Iyi nzira inoitika nekushuvira kwetsamba "s", "t", iyo inodzokororwa uye inopa alveolar ruzha, uye kwete neocclusive mhedzisiro.

Chinhu chitsva kugadziridzwa kwetsamba "t", inodzokororwa pakati pekushuvira muzwi rekonzonanti, rinozivikanwa seaffricate.

Pane dzimwe nyaya dzakasarudzika dzekuti fricative consonants "f, s, uye z" mudzokororo inotsiva mazhinji echishuwo.

Kuvavarira kwekonzonendi isina kujeka inotungamirwa nekumira kwemabhii "b", "d", "g"

Muchiitiko ichi, pane kubereka, kuchema kunomira kunova fricatives.

Final consonant aspiration uye sanhi

Makonzonendi ekupedzisira "d, l, n, r, s, z" anoshuviwawo sezvisingarevi, apo achibudisa manzwiro akafanana emhino emavhawero ekutanga, pamwe nekudzokorora kwemakonzonendi anotevera.

Zvinowanzodzokororwa kuti vara "s" harina kushuviwa kumagumo, uye vara "n" haritauri panoperera izwi, kana izwi rinotevera richitanga nevhawero. Kana chiitiko ichi chikaitika, kutsvedza kwemazwi anobatanidzwa kunogona kugadzirwa, zvinoreva kana izwi rinopera mukonzonendi.

Pazviitiko zvakawanda, vanhu veAndalusia, vanotaura nenzira yeSpanish yekudzora nzira makonzonendi avanoshuvira zuva nezuva, vachitsvaga kudzivirira kusakwana kwekupindirana mukududzwa kwemazwi maviri (homophony), kana nekuda kweinozivikanwa se diglossia.

Izvozvo zvakati, zvinowanzoitika kuti izwi rekutanga rinobatanidzwa ndiro basa rekuratidza huwandu, kuchengeta vowel inooneka pamagumo ezwi rechipiri iyo isingabatanidzwi mumigumisiro yekushuva.

heheo sporadic

Heheo ishoko risingabatanidzwe nenzvimbo chaiyo, rinopedzisira raonekwa nenzira yakapusa, kureva kuti zvinoenderana nenguva yehurukuro uye nedanho rechiito rine avo vari kutaura.

Nekudaro, mashandisirwo ayo parizvino haasati anyatso tsvakurudzwa, anowanzo kutsanangurwa sechinhu chakajairika pakati pevagari vekumaruwa, zvisinei, kune mamwe mazwi akadai se "heheantes", ayo akaiswa muduramazwi ravo, achiita chikamu chezwi rayo. kuwedzera, iyo inoshandiswa zvakanyanya muAndalusia nevagari vemo, vachicherechedza kuratidzwa kwayo kweHeheo.

Sezvatareva, vatauri varo vanoti heheo, vanogara mukuda kwevara rekuti "s" iro rekutanga kana kuti intervocalic, iro rinoburitsa ruzha rwakafanana sekunge riri kutaura vara "g" kana "j". Izvi zvinogona kuratidzwa pakati pevanhu vanorevesa, zvichienderana nekuti hurukuro iri kuitika rini.

Aspiration nasalization

Nasalization chirongwa chinosanganisira kugadzira manzwi, kazhinji mavhawero, kubvumira mweya kuyerera nemumhino, pachinzvimbo chemumuromo. Kune Spanish, nasalization haimiriri chinhu chakakosha, nekuti hapana maviri emazwi anosiyana zvakanyanya nekuda kwemhedzisiro yemhino.

Zvakakosha kuratidza kuti dzimwe nyanzvi mukutsvakurudza kwemitauro dzakaratidza mhedzisiro yeNasalization neAndalusians, asi ongororo chaiyo haisati yaitwa maererano nenyaya iyi maererano nemutauro weAndalusian.

Nasalization by aspiration inoitika nekuda kwechishuwo, kungave mumashoko ega, pamwe nekubatana kwemamwe mazwi.

Nasalization yemavhawero anotangira vara rekupedzisira "n"

Sezvinongoita nasalization mhedzisiro yemavhawero, nekuda kweshuviro yemakonzonendi asina kujeka, imwezve nyaya yenasalization mhedzisiro inogona kuwanikwa. Izvi zvinogona kuonekwa mumashoko iwayo anopera nebhii rokuti "n", zvino konzonendi iyi inodzikisirwa ichinyangarika, izvo zvinokurudzira muzviitiko zvose zviri zviviri nzira yemhino yevhawero inotevera.

Tsika yekubvisa uye kusanganisa kwemazwi

Elision inzira yekumisa izwi rinopedzisa izwi rimwe kana izwi rinotevera richitanga nevhawero. Nepo fusion iri mubatanidzwa wezvinhu zvakati wandei. Muguta reAndalusia, tsika huru yekubvisa mazwi inopfuurira, kupfuura mune dzimwe nzvimbo dzeIberia.

Zvakare maitiro ekunyangarika preposition "de", iyo inoshandiswa zvachose mumutauro wechiSpanish. Zvinowanzoitika kuti muAndalusia vanobvisa vara "e" kubva pachiratidziro "en", kana iri iyo inotungamirwa nevhawero.

Morphosyntax

Muchikamu chino chechinyorwa, tichange tichitaura nezve Morphosyntax, iyo inonyanya kureva chirango chemitauro chinodzidza morphological uye syntatic tsika nemirairo yemutauro, uye mune iyo nyaya ine hanya nesu, isu takanangana nemutauro weAndalusian.

Saka, tinogona kutaura kuti chirango ichi chinoratidzwa zvakasiyana kwazvo kubva kune dzimwe nzvimbo muIberian Peninsula, dhimoni reAndalusi rinoratidza mutauro unoshandisa etymologically zvirevo zveatonic, izvo zvinoreva kuti vanodudzwa pasina chirevo, sezvavanozove: le, la uye tarisai.

Zvisinei, pesvedzero yemitauro yakasiyana-siyana ine tsika yekupinza leismo mumashoko akadai sokuti: "Ndamukwazisa, pane kutaura" ndakamukwazisa.

Munzvimbo zhinji dzeWestern Andalusia uye munzvimbo dzakati wandei dzeEastern Andalusia, zvakajairika kushandisa mazwi ekuti: "ustedes" pachinzvimbo chekuti "vosotros" netsananguro yekuti musanganiswa unoitika, ndiko kuti, kushandisa izwi rekuti tú rinobva. kubva pamunhu wechipiri muzvizhinji, pano izwi rekuti "iwe".

Chokwadi chinopokana nemashandisirwo aanoitwa muLatin America, nekuti izwi rekuti iwe nemhando dzaro dzekutaura dzakasiyana rakatsiviwa neizwi rekuti "iwe".

Zvichireva nezvenzvimbo imwe chete yenzvimbo, mataurirwo emutauro, uye zvakafanira kuiswa mumunhu wechipiri muzvizhinji, risingaperi risingaperi rekuti "se" rinoshandiswa, nepo kune imwe nzvimbo yeIberian Peninsula risingaperi rinotungamirwa nemavara "os".

Kunze kwekuti kune dzimwe nzvimbo kumadokero kweAndalusia, kuedza kunoitwa kuchengetedza kuwanda kwechisazita "que" maererano nekushamisika, sezvinoitika mumutauro wechiFrench, iyo inowedzera vara "s", iro mune zvefonetiki zvinhu zvinogadzira. chido che "h". Kunyange zvazvo nzira yeshuviro yakatsetseka, ichiri kuonekwa nyore nyore.

Kushandisa shoko rokuti "ustedes", kumiririra munhu wechipiri muumwechete pasina chero musiyano unoratidza maitiro, unowanikwawo muCanary Islands, iyo ndiyo nzira chete inoshandiswa muLatin America, zvisinei, zvakanaka kuziva kuti mune dzimwe nzvimbo. inobatanidzwa nemhando dzemashoko anoreva munhu wechitatu.

Kunyangwe, kutangira kwechinyorwa kunoitika kune zita chairo rinopihwa vanhu, kunyanya mumiriro yemhuri. Icho chinhu chakajairika mune dzimwe nzvimbo dzekuzvarwa dzezvakatipoteredza rurimi rwaamai rweSpanishi, pamwe nemimwe mitauro yeCatalan, muchiPutukezi uye mumutauro weItaly.

Panewo zvimwe zvimiro zvefonetiki zvinopindira padanho remorphosyntactic, senge mune homophony scenarios zvisipo muSpanish yakarongeka, asi zvichikonzerwa nekushaikwa kwemakonzonendi. Saka, kuti pamwe kugadzirisa kusarongeka kungabvumira kuti ibudirire, zvinofanirwa kutendeukira kune mamwe masintactic mapatani akaiswa mumapoka ane diminutives uye adverbs.

Mune dzimwe nguva, kuiswa kwenhema kwekonzonendi kunodiwa, izvo zvinobvumira kumanikidza mutsauko wefonetiki pakati peumwechete neuzhinji hwezwi rinopera nevhawero, uye kudzivirira homophony kuti isaitike.

Kazhinji, zvinogona kuonekwa kuti shanduko yehutano hwemamwe mazwi inogadzirwa, iyo inonyatsoratidzwa muWestern Andalusia.

Sekureva kwaLorca, muAndalusia mune kuda chaiko kwekushandisa diminutives mumutauro wavo, izvo zvinokwanisa kufambisa kushandiswa kwezita kuwana mataurirwo emazwi.

Zvimwe zvinovasiyanisa

Pamusoro pechidzidzo che morphosyntax, vanochisiyanisa nekushandisa apo neapo kwechivakashure chekuti “emos”, pachinzvimbo chekushandisa “amos”, kureva munhu wekutanga muuzhinji hwechirevo chakakwana, muchiito chine risingaperi “ar”, chinangwa chekuchisiyanisa kubva kune chiripo chinoratidza. Ichi chiitiko chinoitika munzvimbo dzakasiyana muSpain.

Saizvozvowo, inogona kuoneka zvakajeka mukushandiswa kwechirevo che "de" pakati pechiito chinobatanidzwa, pamwe nerimwe chiito chinoguma nekusingaperi.

Saizvozvowo, rinoonekwa mukushandiswa kwezwi rechiito rokuti "kuva" pachinzvimbo chezwi rechiito rokuti "kuva", kuriratidza muchimiro chakakwana chechirevo chezwi chekutaura chiito.

Shanduko yehurongwa hwezvinhu zvinopindira mumitauro ine declension.

Kushandiswa kwemamwe mafomu akafanana akasiyana neaya eSpanish zvakazara

Semantics uye lexicon

Iyo Andalusian dialect zvakare inonakidzwa nekuve nezvakasiyana mune semantic lexical maficha.

Saka, mumutauro uyu chaiwo, ine mativi emitauro maererano nematauriro ayo, ichinyanya kukoshesa mazwi akajairika eAndalusia, sezvinoitika mune mamwe mazwi anoshandiswa mukati memutauro uyu, kunyangwe achibva kuArabic, Mozarabic, Latin, Romani mazwi. ., pakati pevakawanda.

Tinogona kutaura kuti mumutauro weAndalusian kune mutsara wemashoko anowanzoitika kune dzimwe nzvimbo uye anoratidzirwa nekuva echinyakare.

Zvinoitika kuti pazviitiko zvakasiyana-siyana, izwi iri rinopindira nemamwe akawanda emitauro yeSouth America. Asi, zvakanaka kuita kuti vaverengi vazive kuti harisi iro glossary yese yemutauro weAndalusian inoratidzwa muduramazwi reRoyal Spanish Academy, RAE.

Chikonzero icho nhamba huru yemazwi akajairika eAndalusian Castilian anoratidzwa, ari mukati meglossary, uye anocherechedzwa zvine hungwaru pane yeArgentina, Aragonese, Castilian, Chilean uye mamwe mazwi.

Nekudaro, kune yakasarudzika inozivikanwa seEl Vocabulario Andaluz, iyo yakatsikiswa mudetembi, muzivi uye munyori anonzi Antonio Alcalá Venceslada, muna 1933.

Zvino, kubva pakuita semantic, iyo lexical hunyanzvi iyo ine mutauro weAndalusian ingangove yakakura, nekuti mazwi ane chirevo chakasiyana pane chemazuva ese anowanzo shandiswa, nezvasara zvechikamu chikuru cheSpain.

Grammar mumutauro weAndalusian

Zvakakosha kuratidza kuti mutauro weAndalusian hauna girama yepamutemo yakasiyana negirama yekushandiswa kweSpanish. Asi, mukufamba kwenhoroondo yemutauro weAndalusian, zvirevo zvakawanda zvegirama maererano nemazwi eAndalusian zvakagadzirirwa, asi hazvina kubudirira maererano nemvumo yepamutemo.

Chikumbiro chekupedzisira chakagadzirirwa munguva yeChipiri Spanish Republic, iyo yakaunzwa kuCortes pamwe chete neChirevo cheKuzvimiririra cheAndalusia, asi, nekuda kwekupinda kweHondo yeVanhu veSpain, zvese zvakakatyamadzwa, uye kubatanidzwa hakuna. kubudirira.

Muchiitiko ichi, pane humwe hunoshamisa, hunofanoona zvakaitika muAmerica, nekutsiviwa kwechirevo che "vosotros" ne "ustedes" mumutauro weAndalusian unoshandiswa kumadokero. Zvisinei, maitiro akasarudzika ekuratidza huwandu hwechipiri hunoramba huchichengetedzwa, iyo muAmerica zhinji yaizotsiviwa nemunhu wechitatu.

Kunyora

Chiperengo chinomiririra chinhu chakakosha pakutaura pfungwa nekunyora, uye mune iyo nyaya inotinetsa iyo Andalusian dialect, ivo vanonyorwa neakasiyana scopes. Saka, tine kuti kubvira pakati pezana remakore rechigumi nemanomwe, dhimoni reAndalusi, harina ikozvino mumaoko aro yakasimba uye yepasirese hurongwa, iyo inogadza kunyora nenzira yakasiyana kubva pakunyora, inozivikanwa kusvikira zvino uye kuti izvi zvakanyura mukati. mutauro wechiSpanish.

Parizvino, mamwe mapoka etsika muAndalusia akaita zvirevo mukugadzirisa, kushandisa uye kuvandudza zviripo mumutauro weAndalusian, tinogona kutaura izvo zvakavambwa muEPA zvichibva pana Er Prinçipito Andalûh, iri pamusoro peboka risina kurongeka rezvidzidzo uye vateveri vane kuravira kwekutaura kweAndalusian.

Saizvozvo, muchikumbiro chakaitwa neZEA, inova Sosaiti yeChidzidzo cheAndalusian, inodaidzwa kuti Zoziedá pal Ehtudio'el Andalú, isangano retsika rinogara kuMijias-Spain, rinoshanda nechinangwa chekuongorora mutauro weAndalusian. .

Mabhuku anoshanda

Mushure mekutsvaga kwakazara uye kuongorora kwavo kwakasiyana kweakanyanya kukosha mabasa eRhetoric neNhetembo, ayo akaburitswa muzana ramakore reXNUMX, zvakagumiswa kuti kune mabasa akakwana, ane hukuru hunokosha huripo hwehuwandu hwezvinyorwa zvake.

Mazhinji dzidziso dzakasiyana dzekunyora dzakazivikanwa, pakati pemisoro yakadai se: Sensualism, Sensualism, Mitigated Sensualism kana manzwiro, Eclecticism, Eclectic Spiritualism, Traditionalism, Neoscholasticism, Idealism, Krausism uye akawanda mafungu akadai seUtilitarianism uye Romanticism.

Mukati memutauro weAndalusian, mune zvinyorwa zvakakosha zvinyorwa zvakaratidza nhoroondo yeidiosyncrasy, uye ayo anoshandiswawo mumutauro weAndalusian, pakati pawo zvakataurwa:

The troubadour-drama: Vana Sekuru Tronera: Sainete. Munyori: Antonio Garcia Gutierrez

Muveuri, parody yeThe troubadour. Munyori: Antonio Garcia Gutierrez

Mutengesi wemabhuku: Muroyi rudo. Munyori Gregorio Martinez Sierra

Mutengesi wemabhuku: Hupenyu hupfupi (opera). Munyori: Carlos Fernandez-Shaw

Entremés: Shuwa kurwa. Vanyori: Álvarez Quintero Brothers

Geographic kugoverwa kwemaitiro ayo maitiro

Kuruzivo rwedu, mutauro weAndalusian une hunhu hwefoniki uye phonological, izvo zvakagoverwa munzvimbo neimwe nzira. Nechikonzero ichi, tinoona huwandu hwehunhu uhu huripo mune dzimwe zvizvarwa zvemutauro wechiSpanish kubva kuSpain.

Kuenzana kwemabhii "l" uye "r" implosives

Iyi yekuenzanisa pakati pemavara anoratidzwa, yakajairika kuitika munzvimbo zhinji dzeAndalusian. Nekudaro, munzvimbo chaidzo, kutsiviwa kwetsamba "r" netsamba "l" kunochengetwa, rudzi urwu rwemutauro runodzokororwa muDominican Republic, Puerto Rico neCuba.

Vanogona kuratidzwa semuenzaniso mumadictions avo: muviri, pane kutaura body, kana saltén, pane kutaura frying pan. Saizvozvo, zvinoitika mune mamwe akasiyana nenzira yakanyanyisa kubva kuchamhembe kusvika kumaodzanyemba, zvisinei, aya mataurirwo anoonekwa seasina kukosha.

Kuenzana kwemanzwi emabhii "s" uye "θ" yekutanga kana intervocalic

Kusiyana nekutenda kwakajairika kwe lisp sechiitiko chevarimi, kune chikamu chakanaka chevagari vemuAndalusia vane huwandu hwakanaka hwekutaura. Kuve Malaga, iro guta riri pachinzvimbo chechipiri sehombe muAndalusia, rinochengeta chikamu chakanaka chevanhu vanotaura nemalips.

Asi iyo seseo ine vara "s" hunhu hwemamwe matunhu ari pedyo anozivikanwa seLa Caleta kana El Palo, uye kudzikira kwemalips kunofarira musiyano, kungave nekuda kwepesvedzero yevanobva kune dzimwe nyika kubva kunzvimbo dzisiri-lips.

Guta reJerez de la Frontera rine huwandu hwehuwandu hwevanhu mukati mepurovhinzi, iri iyo ine ruzhinji rwe lisps, zvisinei, kune humbowo hwechikamu chakanaka chekuwedzera kwevatauri vane seseo; nepo lisp richiramba richikunda.

Kupesana, nezvinoitika muguta guru reCádiz, inzvimbo iyo seseo inokunda, kunyangwe iine pesvedzero huru mune mamwe madhorobha epurovhinzi ane hunhu hwakasimba hwekunyepedzera. Huelva anofanira kunge akaona pesvedzero yeavo vanosvika ne seseante Andévalo, pamwe chete nevanhu vazhinji, vasingafananidzi veAndalusia, vakasvika munguva pfupi yapfuura. Zvisinei neizvi, lisp ichiri kufamba yakasimba muguta rino.

Kune zvakare mamwe maguta eAndalusia, ane maitiro ekugadzirisa lisp mune mazhinji mazhinji ndeaya: Marbella, Dos Hermanas, Puerto Real, Sanlúcar de Barrameda, Utrera, Algeciras, San Fernando, Chiclana de la Frontera, El Puerto de Santa María, Vélez-Málaga, kana El Ejido.

Pakati pemaguta eAndalusia uko seseo inokunda, ndeiyi: Cádiz, Seville neCórdoba. Zvakakosha kucherechedza kuti muCádiz, seSeville, iyo predorsal letter "s" inoshandiswa, kunyangwe muCórdoba iyo flat coronal letter "s" inoshandiswa, ichitsanangura marudzi maviri eAndalusian seseo, aripo mumaguta matatu.

Izvo zvinofanirwa kucherechedzwa kuti seseo yakakura muEl Andévalo kana El Campo de Andévalo, yeHuelva, Sierra Norte de Sevilla, uye guta reSeville pacharo, uye chikamu chikuru chenzvimbo yemetropolitan nekuda kwehutongi hwazvino hweguta guru.

Saizvozvo, zvinoitika mumatunhu eAlta neBaja Campiña yeCórdoba, pamwe neLa Subbética iri kumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumabvazuva kwedunhu reCórdoba.

Saizvozvo, muLlanos de Antequera, iri kuchamhembe kwepurovhinzi yeMalaga, seseo inokunda, kunyangwe kuvepo panguva imwe chete yececeo, zvinoenderana nedunhu uye nematauriro anoita vanhu. Iyo seseo phenomenon inounzwa kuchamhembe kwakadziva kumadokero kwepurovhinzi yeGranada, munzvimbo dzekumadokero uye Guadalquivir Valley mudunhu reJaén, uye nenzira yepamutemo muAlmería.

Zvino, zvichipiwa zvose zvakataurwa pamusoro pezviitiko zve lisping uye seseo, hazvigoni kutaurwa kuti chero ipi zvayo inobva kumadokero chikamu, uye imwe kubva kumabvazuva, sezvinogona kupupurirwa pamepu.

Kunze kwekuti kune matunhu muAndalusia, uko musiyano pakati pemavara "s" na "θ" unoitika, nekuda kwekupindira kwemitauro yekushanduka-shanduka iripo pakati pemutauro weAndalusian neCastilian. Pamusoro pezvo, kune huwandu hwevanhu veAndalusian vanosiyanisa vara "s" uye "θ", nekuda kwediglossia inogadzirwa neiyo yepamutemo dzidzo yekudzidzisa system yakatangwa munharaunda yese.

Zvino, kutaura nezve seseo, zvinoitikawo mune dzimwe nzvimbo muDunhu reMurcia, Castilla-La Mancha uye Extremadura, iyo nharaunda inozvimiririra yeSpanish. Zvakare munharaunda yeCartagena inozvitonga nharaunda yedunhu reMurcia, uye muExtremadura, chiitiko ichi chinowanikwawo, mune dzimwe nzvimbo dziri pedyo nemiganhu yechiPutukezi uye muFuente del Maestre.

Chiitiko ichi chinozivikanwa sececeo, chinozivikanwa zvakare muMalpartida de Plasencia, dhorobha reSpanish uye maneja, mudunhu reCáceres, inozvitonga nharaunda yeExtremadura. Izvo zvinofanirwa kuzivikanwa kuti canary seseo uye Hispano-American siyana, inoonekwa seyakanyanya kushomeka lisp yeAmerica. Mabviro ayo anozvarwa nenzira yekusasiyaniswa kwemavara "s" uye "θ" akakurira muguta reAndalusia.

Kurasikirwa kwe intervocalic uye yekutanga vara "d"

Ichi chiitiko chinoitika munharaunda yese yeAndalusia, zvakare, inowanzoitika muLa Mancha neExtremadura, pamwe nedzimwe nzvimbo muCantabria. Kuputsika kunokonzerwa mutsamba "d" pakugadzira zvirevo uye zvishongedzo zvakavatangira, zvinoenderana nechirevo chinoshandiswa semuenzaniso: "ado", chinowanzoitika muIberian Peninsula, uko kunyangarika kunoitika mune dzimwe nyaya.

Kurasika kwemakonzonendi ekupedzisira “r”, “l” na“d”

Chiitiko ichi chinowanzoitika munharaunda yese yemitauro, kunyangarika kwemavara "d" kumagumo, chinhu chinowanzoitika munzvimbo zhinji dzeSpanish. Mune dzimwe nzvimbo mabhii “r” na“l” anobatanidzwa mubhii “l” panzvimbo pokuraswa.

Mushure mekurasikirwa kwetsamba "l" kana "r", vowel inonyanya kuvhurika, nekusimbiswa kukuru muEastern Andalusia.

Mataurirwo emavara ekuti "tf" senge fricative

Nezve mataurirwo emavara ekuti "tf", achiri nemutsara unoramba uripo, unoonekwa mumapurovhinzi eCádiz, Seville neMálaga uye muEl Llanito, muzvikamu zviviri muzvitatu zvedunhu rekumaodzanyemba kweGranada, uye zvechokwadi mudunhu. kumaodzanyemba kweAlmería. Mumaguta eHuelva, Córdoba neJaén, kushandiswa kwemataurirwo aya kunongogumira kune mamwe matunhu chaiwo.

Kunyanya muLatin America, tsamba "f" sekuurayiwa kwefonime "tf" inowanikwa munyika dzekumabvazuva dzakadai se: Cuba, Dominican Republic, Chile, kuchamhembe kweMexico nePanama.

Debucalization se "h" yephoneme "x"

Nezvekusiyana kwemitauro uye kusiyana-siyana, mataurirwo ephoneme “x”, ayo anowanzo miririrwa nemavara “j” na “g”, pamberi pemavhawero “e” “i”, akadai sa“h”, anoitika munzvimbo yese. yeWestern Andalusia.

Izvi zvakapinzwa mumatunhu matatu ekumabvazuva, mumuchinjiko wekufungidzira: kuchamhembe kwakadziva kumadokero kumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumadokero, uko kunonyangarika kubva kune yekufungidzira trace yemutsara, iyo inobvumirana zvakanyanya nedunhu rekusiyanisa pakati pemavara "s" na "z", ayo Inocherechedzwa. pakati pekumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumadokero kweguta reGranada, kumadokero kweAlmería uye mune dzimwe nzvimbo dzeJaén.

Munharaunda yeJaén, zvinopesana neshuviro zvinoitika, pavanodudza vara "j" sekonzonendi inotsanangurwa uye neruzha rwekonzoneti rwe "x", inzwi rakafanana nekurira.

The Andalusian mumhanzi wakakurumbira

Mimhanzi yeAndalusian yakaita basa guru muzana remakore rechiXNUMX, rinozivikanwa seGoridhe Age yeSpanish Music. Kashoma chero matunhu epasi ane nhaka yemumhanzi akasiyana uye akapfuma seaya eAndalusia.

Guta reAndalusia rine, kubvira pakatanga nhoroondo yaro, mimhanzi yechokwadi uye yakasarudzika, inova chigadzirwa chemusanganiswa wemitambo, nziyo, mitambo, matambiro nezviridzwa zvavo zvemimhanzi, kubva kumataundi akasiyana uye nhoroondo dzenhoroondo dzinozvigadzirisa nazvo. mutauro wavo wekutanga weAndalusian.

The Andalusian ine simba rekushandisa sechikamu chemimhanzi yake mazwi anoumba rudzi rweflamenco, pamwe chete nemimhanzi yakakurumbira yeAndalusian kubva kune imwe nzvimbo.

Munyori Antonio Martín Moreno anoratidza zvakajeka mubasa rake "Demófilo", El folk-lore andaluz, kubva mugore 1883, flamenco uye Andalusian mimhanzi. Saizvozvowo, mubasa rake History of Andalusian music, anorondedzera zvakasara zveMiddle Paleolithic, uko kune mapfupa akavezwa kana radederas, zviridzwa zvekukwenya, izvo zvinofambidzana nekurohwa kwemimhanzi nemashoko ake ekutanga eAndalusian.

Saizvozvo, boka remimhanzi repop rock rine mukurumbira rakaumbwa muna 1986 "Usanditsike nekuti ndakapfeka maflip-flops" mukutanga kwa1990, rakaburitsa "Agropó Dictionary", iro rine inosekesa fomati, mataurirwo, mazwi. uye mitsara yepakutanga yeAndalusian, iyo zvakare ine girama uye zviperengo, uye yakazoshandurirwa muchiSpanish chepamutemo.

Zvakakosha zvakaenzana kuita kuti vanhu vazive nezveAndalusian rock genre, sechiratidzo chekutanga mumhanzi uye tsika, yakatsaurirwa kutsvaga nekuvandudza maAndalusian genesis uye kushandiswa kwakawanda kwemutauro weAndalusian, pakati pavo Medina Azahara, Triana , Mosque. , nevamwe vakawanda.

Vanhu veAndalusian vanonzwa vakadzika midzi mutsika yavo mazuva ese, saka zvinocherechedzwa kuti mapoka emimhanzi eAndalusian anobuda mazuva ese, ayo anosarudza kugadzira mimhanzi yavo inoenderana nemutauro weAndalusian.

Mapoka aya anosanganisira: Chambao, Los Delinqüentes, Mojinos Escozíos, Jesuly, O'funk'illo, Er Koala, Hora Zulu, El Lunatico, El Barrio, SFDK, Ojos de Brujo neCanteca de Macao, Abocajarro kana Triple XXX.

Zvakare nekusikwa kweboka reFundación de Raperos Atípicos de Cádiz, nerwiyo rwayo runoshamisa "Denomination of Origin"

Uyewo nyanzvi yeCatalan inonzi Jaime Pahissa, kana ichitaura nezvemaitiro emimhanzi yeSpain, inovimbisa kuti izvi, pasina mubvunzo, zvinowanzoitika mumhanzi wakakurumbira weAndalusi.

Kubva pakutanga kwe puellae gaditanae de las Gades, iyo inoreva kutamba kwakakurumbira, uye kusvikira vamiririri vekupedzisira vemimhanzi yerudo yaAlbeniz, Falla naTurina, mune zvose izvi yakagara iripo kubva pakuberekwa kwayo, vanhu veAndalusian. vanga varipo uye vachiratidza mavambo uye kukosha kwayo.

Nhoroondo yemutauro weAndalusian

Iyo inotaura nyaya yemutauro weAndalusian, uyo wakaberekwa seyakasiyana-siyana yemutauro wakaunzwa nevaCastilian vakakunda uye vakagara mumupata weGuadalquivir, kubva kuJaén kusvika kuCádiz, muzana remakore rechiXNUMX.

Ipapo, mugore ra1942, apo bedzi Madzimambo eKaturike akagumisa kutonga kweGranada, mutauro wechiCastilian wakapararira munharaunda yacho yose, kubatanidza kubva kuSeville, Cádiz kana kuti Córdoba, uye panguva iyeyo mamwe mavara akacherekedzwa nengwariro chaiyo kune seseo, lisp.

Kubva pano, chimiro chemutauro chakatangwa muchikamu chikuru chenharaunda, kuMadokero uye kuMabvazuva, iyo yaizoenderera munzvimbo dzakawanda, kusiyana neCastilian yeToledo, Valladolid kana Burgos.

Munguva yezana ramakore rechi XNUMX, nguva idzo maitiro emutauro weAndalusian akanyatsotsanangurwa, izvo zvakaita kuti simba rehupfumi, remagariro uye tsika iro Seville rainakidzwa naro panguva iyoyo, iro rakabvumwa nevagari veAndalusi, chimiro chemutauro wakasiyana , yakafarira kugadzwa kwayo muAndalusia.

Chimwe chinhu chinopindira mumutauro weAndalusian kureba kwedzimwe nzvimbo dzenzvimbo, dzakadai seSierra Morena, iyo yakafarira, setsika dzemitauro dzakabva kuToledo kana Madrid, sumo yakaoma muAndalusia kwemakore mazhinji.

Ruzivo rwekutanga rwekuparadzaniswa kwemutauro weAndalusian, unoonekwa muzana ramakore rechigumi neshanu, munguva dzino, kune zvinyorwa zvemhando dzakasiyana senge: nhetembo uye zvemutemo, ine zviperengo zvisiri izvo zvairatidza kuvepo kweseo-kupera, kuenzana kwemanzwi ekare. inofananidzirwa ne: “ce , ci , ç , z , uye na ss , s”. Sezvakangoita zviratidzo apo maAndalusian anozivikanwa nenzira yavo yekuzvitaura.

Mashoko ose aya akawedzera muzana remakore rechiXNUMX, kunyanya pakupera kwezana remakore rino, uye muzana remakore rechiXNUMX, apo nyanzvi dzakawanda dzakadai sevadzidzisi vegirama nevanyori dzakadudza kakawanda matauriro avanawo muAndalusia, vakakwanisa kuva vakasiyana, ne vavariro yokumushora, zvisinei, kutsoropodza kwakanaka kwakanga kuripo.

Chiitiko chinotaurwa zvachose chinozivikanwa seseo-ceceo, icho mukati mezana ramakore rechi XNUMX chinowedzera mataurirwo emavara ekuti "ge, gi, j", maererano nengano dzakasiyana dzemazwi anotariswa mukati memutauro weAndalusian.

Kubva muzana ramakore rechigumi nesere, zvinofungidzirwa kuti mamiriro emutauro weAndalusia angave akafanana, zvisinei, zvinyorwa zvedunhu zvezana ramakore rechigumi nepfumbamwe, uye kukura kwemutauro uripo muzana ramakore rechimakumi maviri, hauna ruzivo rwakawanda.

Saka, nokuda kwechikonzero ichi, kutenda kuti kutanga kweAndalusian dialect kana kutaura ndicho chigadzirwa chekupindira kwemimwe mitauro chakabviswa zvachose. Izvi zvine tsananguro yazvo, kutanga kune zvese, nekuti ese maitiro emutauro weAndalusian, mumavambo awo uye kubereka, anouya mukati menhoroondo yechiSpanish yepamutemo.

Muchikamu chechipiri, zvinogona kutaurwa, nekuda kwekuti kuita kwechokwadi hakugoneke: Latin yeHispalis kana Corduba, inoenderera mberi nerudo rweMedithera Mozarabs, yakadzvinyirirwa kubva kual-Andalus muzana rose reXNUMXth, zana ramakore. vasati vashanyira maCastilian emutauro wavo; kusiya maArabu akakanganwa kune chechipiri akaderera muChristian Andalusia kubva kumazana gumi nematatu kusvika kune gumi nemashanu, nekuda kwekudzingwa kwechikamu chikuru chevaMuslim, mushure mekukunda.

Kuvapo kweizvi, pamwe nekupindira kwavo, kwakasiya muCastilian anozivikanwa se "Andalusian", uye pakupedzisira, matauriro evagypsies, vakasvika muguta reAndalusia pakupera kwezana remakore rechigumi nemashanu, vakasiya zvishoma zvinyorwa, zvimwe zvinoyevedza..

Kubva kare, kutaura kweAndalusian kwaionekwa semutemo, semutauro weCastilian, nokuti inonzi mutauro wemutauro wezvakaitika kare zvekuparadzaniswa kwemutauro, kuva kwekutaura kwose kuripo mupeninsula, mutauro weAndalusian chete wepurovhinzi yakasiyana-siyana. kwete mavambo echinyakare kana kuti orudo.

Inoreva kufambira mberi kwakakodzera kweCastilian, iyo yakaunzwa munzvimbo dzeAndalusian nevakoloni uye vagari kubva muzana ramakore regumi nematatu. Mutauro weAndalusian wakaputirwa mukati memutauro wemutauro wenharaunda inotaura chiSpanish.

Andalusian dialect nhasi

Parizvino, kune vashoma nyanzvi nyanzvi panyaya iyi vanotsunga kuratidza pachena fungidziro pamusoro peAndalusian, inodaidzwa semutauro weCastilian Spanish. Zvose zvinoitika nekuda kwekukosha kukuru uko Andalusian ane chisimbiso chayo sechinhu chakaderera pamberi peCastilian, iyo inoita kuti hukama pakati pezviviri zvakaoma.

Kune maonero akajairwa pamusoro peAndalusian, iyo parizvino inozivikanwa semutauro usingataurwi zvakanaka, pamatanho akasiyana uye zvichienderana nezvakawanda zvakasiyana, zvekuti mutauro weAndalusian unobva kuCastilian Spanish uye kwete kubva mumutauro wechinyakare wedunhu.

Zvinogona kugumiswa kuti muAndalusia, inooneka lexical renji inoenderera, asi, kazhinji, imazwi echinyakare, ayo asingazivikanwe nevanhu vazhinji mudunhu. Nezvikonzero zvekuti havagare mudunhu kana nekuda kwenzvimbo yemagariro, kana nekuti havana kunyudzwa munharaunda yechinyakare uye yekumaruwa.

Nekudaro, kuti utsanangure zvishoma nezvenhoroondo kana mabviro emutauro uyu, munhu anofanirwa kutarisa nguva dzinozivikanwa seAndalusian, apo chiArabic chaitaurwa muAl-Andalus chakafambira mberi kusvika chasvika mutauro weAlyamia, iwo wakataurwa nevanhu. veAl-Andalus, avo vakanga vasina hukama nevanhu vekuzvarwa kwepamusoro vaitonga panguva iyoyo. Mumutauro weAlyamia, unogona kuwana akakwana akateedzera ayo parizvino ane hunhu hweAndalusians.

Pakupedzisira, vazhinji vatauri veAndalusian vanoshandisa mazwi kubva kutsika yavo kuti vataure ivo vachiri kushanda mumutauro weAndalusian, pasina kuzeza, kupokana uye vanozviita vakasununguka.

Zvido zvemutauro weAndalusian

Uyu mutauro weAndalusian wakakomberedzwa nemamiriro ezvinhu anoda kuziva, sekuti ruzhinji rwegirama rinonongedza ku "mutauro weAndalusian" rakagadzirirwa munhoroondo yaro yese, nechinangwa chekudzivirira nekuchengetedza musiyano waro, uye kudzivirira kusanganiswa kwayo neSpanish. , havana kubudirira kubvumirwa zviri pamutemo.

Kuve iyo yekupedzisira girama yakatsanangurwa, panguva yeChipiri Spanish Republic, uye yakatorwa kuti ibvumirwe pamberi peCortes, mukambani yeAutonomous Statute yeAndalusia, iyo isina kuwanikwa nekuda kwekupindira kweSpanish Civil War.

Abstract: MuAndalusia vanhu havatauri nenzira imwechete

Sezvatakasimbisa, muAndalusia haina kutaurwa nenzira imwecheteyo, chikamu chikuru chemutauro weAndalusian chiripo kune dzimwe nzvimbo, asi mamwe asingaratidziri.

Chikonzero nei lisp ichigona kuva yemuenzaniso, iyo yakapararira mumatunhu mazhinji eSeville, Huelva, Cádiz, uye Málaga, muCórdoba, Jaén, Granada, nepo muAlmería seseo inotungamira. Saizvozvo, shuviro yetsamba "j", pamwe chete neaffricate articulation yetsamba "ch" zvimwe zviitiko zveAndalusia, uye hazvizivikanwe kuMadokero.

Iyo Andalusian linguistic modality, inozivikanwawo seAndalusian dialect, kana kungoti Andalusian, akasiyana echiSpanish anoratidzwa muguta reAndalusia, iro riri kumaodzanyemba kweSpain. Vatauri veiyi modhi vane zvakawanda zvakajairika hunhu, izvo pamwe nehuwandu hwavo hukuru hunovabvumira kuve pakati pemhando dzakakosha dzemutauro.