Yadda ake sanin shekarun itace?

zoben girma na itace

Itatuwan shuru ne masu ba da shaida ga tarihin da ke tattare da su. Tun daga tsoffin dazuzzukan har zuwa wuraren shakatawa na birane, kowane bishiya na ɗauke da labari na musamman wanda ke nuna shekarunsa. Amma, Yadda ake sanin shekarun itace?

A cikin wannan labarin, za mu bincika hanyoyi daban-daban ta yadda za ku iya gano shekaru nawa itace ya rayu. Kula da hankali, za mu gaya muku komai nan da nan.

Girman girma: labarin da aka rubuta a cikin zuciyar bishiyar

Ɗaya daga cikin hanyoyin da aka fi sani da sahihanci don ƙayyade shekarun itace shine ƙidaya zoben girma su. Kowace shekara a lokacin girma, bishiyoyi suna ƙara zobe a gangar jikinsu. Waɗannan zoben shaida ne na zahiri na sake zagayowar ci gaban shekara-shekara, tare da faffadan zoben da ke nuna shekaru masu kyau yanayi da ƙananan zoben da ke nuna alamun lokuta masu wahala.

Don ƙidaya zoben, An yi ɓangaren giciye na gangar jikin bishiyar, yana nuna jerin zoben da aka tattara. Layer na farko, wanda aka sani da itacen zuciya, ya fi duhu kuma ya fi yawa, yayin da mafi girman Layer, wanda ake kira sapwood, ya fi sauƙi. Ƙididdiga waɗannan zoben yana ba da ingantaccen kimanta shekarun bishiyar.

Dendrochronology: lokacin da aka tattara a cikin zobba

dendroloji tsarin

Dendrochronology ya wuce kirga zobba da yana amfani da tsarin haɓaka don nazarin al'amuran yanayi, bambancin yanayi, da sauyin yanayi kan lokaci. Wannan horo, baya ga samar da bayanai game da shekarun bishiyar, yana ba da taga na musamman game da yanayin yanayin yankin da ya girma.

Masu bincike za su iya amfani da bayanan da aka samo daga zoben bishiya don ƙirƙirar jeri na yanki da ake kira dendrochronological chronologies. Wadannan jerin taimako kwanan wata daban-daban na muhalli abubuwan da suka gabata (kamar fashewar volcanic ko gobarar daji) yayin da ake ba da gudummawa ga fahimtar yanayin yanayi na dogon lokaci.

Carbon-14 Dating

Haɗin Carbon-14 wata hanya ce ta al'ada a kimiyya don saduwa da shekarun matattu kyallen takarda. Za a iya amfani da sauran radioisotopes, amma C-14 ya dace da shari'ar da ke hannun kuma za mu ga dalilin da ya sa:

Bishiyoyi suna haɗa carbon-14 a cikin kyallen jikinsu ta hanyar carbon dioxide da suke sha daga sararin samaniya yayin photosynthesis. Lokacin da bishiyoyi suka mutu, abun da ke tattare da carbon-14 yana raguwa a cikin kyallen jikinsu saboda bazuwar rediyoaktif kuma shine ragowar adadin isotope na carbon da ake amfani dashi don kimanta shekarun bishiyar. Don haka, Ta hanyar nazarin adadin carbon-14 da ya rage a cikin samfurin itace, ana iya ƙididdige lokacin da ya wuce tun lokacin da bishiyar ta mutu.

Ko da yake wannan hanya ta fi dacewa don saduwa da itace daga tsofaffin bishiyoyi, kuma yana da inganci ga ƙananan bishiyoyi, gabaɗaya yana da kayan aiki mai amfani don bincika abubuwan da bishiyar ta gabata.

Girman Radial da ma'auni marasa lalacewa

Akwai wasu dabarun da ba su da ƙarfi fiye da waɗanda aka ambata don ƙididdige shekarun bishiyar. Wadannan fasahohin suna adana asalin asalin itace, yanayin da ake so a wasu yanayi na gwaji. Ɗaya daga cikin waɗannan fasahohin ya ƙunshi auna girman radial na itace ta amfani da kayan aiki irin su dendrometers na lantarki. Waɗannan na'urori suna rikodin canje-canje a diamita na gangar jikin a tsawon lokaci, suna ba da bayanan da za a iya amfani da su don kimanta shekarun bishiyar.

Dabaru na musamman don nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan yanayi da yanayi daban-daban

Sashin giciye na gangar jikin bishiyar yana bayyana zoben girma

Kowane nau'in bishiyar yana da takamaiman halaye waɗanda zasu iya yin tasiri akan zaɓin hanyar da ta fi dacewa don sanin shekarunta. Wasu nau'ikan, kamar Pines suna da zoben girma na musamman, yayin da wasu, kamar Bishiyoyi masu girma a hankali na iya buƙatar ƙarin hanyoyi na musamman.

Bugu da ƙari, yadda bishiya ke amsa yanayinsa na iya shafar fassarar zobe. Misali, bishiyoyi a wuraren da ba su da bushewa na iya samun faffadan zobe a cikin shekarun da ake yawan samun ruwan sama, yayin da itatuwan da ke yankunan da ke da ruwa na iya nuna zobe masu fadi a cikin shekarun bushewa saboda babbar gasar hasken rana.

Al'adar 'yan asali

A wasu al'adu na asali, ƙayyade shekarun bishiyoyi ya zama hanyar fasaha. Tare da hanyoyin bisa lura Daga siffar bishiyar, nau'in haushi da sauran halayen gani, mazauna gida Suna iya kimanta shekarun bishiyoyi da mamaki daidai. An watsa wannan ilimin daga tsara zuwa tsara, yana haɓaka alaƙa tsakanin al'ummomi da yanayin yanayin su.

Zamanin bishiyoyi: shuru shuru na baya

rassa masu ƙarfi daga kambi na tsohuwar itace

Ƙayyadaddun shekarun itace yana ba mu taga a baya kuma shaida ce ta gaskiya na tsayin daka da daidaitawa da yanayi ke nunawa. Daga hanyoyin gargajiya na kirga zobe zuwa ingantattun dabaru irin su dendrochronology da carbon-14 dating, binciken shekarun bishiya yana ci gaba da ci gaba don samar mana da ingantattun ma'auni.

Kowace bishiya, kowace tabo a cikin itace, kowane digo na tsayayyen sap... shaida ne na musamman na abin da ya taɓa faruwa, wani ɓoyayyen kyauta daga abubuwan da suka gabata a duniyarmu. Don haka, saduwa da shekarun bishiyu gwajin gwaji ne wanda ya wuce saduwar aure kawai.


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