Therapeutic cloning ya ƙunshi halittar cloned amfrayo daga pluripotent sel na majiyyaci tare da manufar samun kara Kwayoyin da kuma amfani da su domin lura da cututtuka ba tare da rigakafi da tsarin.
Ina nufin dabara ce ta sarrafa kwayoyin halitta wacce ke amfani da embryos don dalilai na warkewa kuma wannan ya haifar da babbar muhawara a duniya tada al'amurran da suka shafi dabi'un halitta kamar darajar amfrayo, farkon rayuwa ko kebantaccen mutum. A cikin wannan sakon za mu yi magana game da fa'idodi masu amfani na cloning warkewa da kuma matsalolin bioethical da yake haifarwa. Kasance tare da mu don ƙarin koyo game da Cloning na warkewa: juyin juya halin halittu?
Menene cloning warkewa?
The warkewa cloning tsari ya ƙunshi canja wurin makaman nukiliya daga tantanin halitta na somatic cell zuwa kwayar halitta mai karɓa ta baya, kwai.. Wannan ya haɗa da cire tsakiya daga tantanin halitta na somatic (marasa haifuwa) daga mai bayarwa da saka shi a cikin kwayar halitta (babu tsakiya) ovum, tantanin halitta mai karɓa.
Daga nan sai a kara kuzarin kwai ya raba ta yadda zai fara girma ya zama amfrayo da wuri (blastula). Ana al'ada wannan tayin na 'yan kwanaki don samun pluripotent stem cell, wadanda kwayoyin halitta ne masu iyawa ko yuwuwar zama kowane nau'in tantanin halitta a cikin jikin mutum, wanda kuma aka sani da embryonic stem cell.
Ayyuka masu amfani na cloning na warkewa
Kwayoyin da ke cikin mahaifa suna da ikon bambancewa zuwa kowane nau'in tantanin halitta a cikin jikin mutum, wanda ya sa su zama tushen alƙawari don maganin farfadowa.
Ana iya amfani da waɗannan ƙwayoyin don maye gurbin ƙwayoyin da suka lalace ko marasa lafiya a cikin marasa lafiya, suna ba da yuwuwar magance cututtuka da rauni ba tare da haɗarin kin rigakafi ba. Alal misali, ana iya amfani da su don samar da nama na zuciya ga marasa lafiya da cututtukan zuciya, neurons don magance cututtukan jijiya, ko ƙwayoyin pancreatic don magance ciwon sukari.
Amfanin warkewa cloning
Ɗaya daga cikin manyan fa'idodin da aka danganta ga cloning na warkewa shine yuwuwar samun sel mai tushe na autologous. Wadannan kwayoyin suna samun wannan sunan ne saboda ana samun su daga mutum (majiyyaci) kuma ana amfani da su don amfanin kansu, tun da suna da fa'ida cewa ba sa haifar da matsalolin kin rigakafi, don haka guje wa buƙatar amfani da maganin rigakafi bayan dashen nama ko gabobin jiki. (wanda aka samu ta hanyar cloning warkewa) a cikin haƙuri.
Saboda haka warkewa cloning yana buɗe yuwuwar samun cikakken keɓaɓɓen hanyoyin kwantar da tarzoma ba tare da haɗarin ƙin yarda ba.
Bugu da ƙari, cloning na warkewa zai iya ba da hanyar da za a iya samar da yawan adadin kwayoyin halitta, wanda zai ba da izini ƙananan farashi da haɓaka damar zuwa irin wannan nau'in magani. Wannan kuma na iya yin babban tasiri na tattalin arziki akan masana'antar likitanci.
matsalolin bioethical
Koyaya, yawan samar da embryos don halakar su na gaba don dalilai na warkewa yana buɗe muhawara mai cike da rudani game da rayuwa a matsayin ra'ayi: muhawara ta ɗa'a da ɗabi'a suna bayyana game da darajar tayin wanda za a mayar da kasancewarsa zuwa amfani mai amfani. “cire hakkin” ya zama abin da aka kaddara ya zama: babban mutum.
Tambayoyi iri-iri suna bayyana, kamar su: Shin ’yan Adam da gaske suna da ikon yanke shawara game da makomar rayuwa (na tayin)? Wannan tambaya za ta kai ga masu zuwa: yaushe ne rayuwa ta fara? A cikin zygote? A cikin amfrayo? Kuma idan, ta hanyar yarjejeniya, wasu sun gaskata cewa yana cikin tayin, a wane mataki na ci gabansa? A cikin matakin blastula ko farkon amfrayo (wanda ake amfani da shi a cikin cloning na warkewa)? Daga baya? Waɗannan su ne batutuwan da ke tasowa a cikin wasu batutuwa masu mahimmanci kamar zubar da ciki. Kuma shi ne yana da matuƙar wahala wajen ayyana iyakokin rayuwa da haƙƙoƙin tayi. duk da cewa an haifi wannan fasaha tare da kyakkyawar manufa ta warkewa.
Yin magudin ciki ya haifar da suka mai tsanani, musamman daga kungiyoyin addinai da masu kare rayuwa, wadanda ke jayayya cewa duk rayuwar dan Adam na da hakkin a kiyaye shi tun daga farkonsa, ciki har da embryos. Don haka, waɗannan ƙungiyoyin sun yi suka sosai game da cloning na warkewa kuma ana iya fuskantar hukunci mai ƙarfi.
Wani damuwa tare da cloning na warkewa shine cewa za a iya amfani da ƙwayoyin ɗan adam mai cloned don dalilai marasa magani., irin su cloning na haihuwa a ɓoye, tun da yake an haramta shi gaba ɗaya bisa doka a duk faɗin duniya.
Therapeutic cloning vs reproductive cloning
Yana da mahimmanci a lura cewa cloning na haifuwa da na warkewa sune ra'ayoyi daban-daban guda biyu. Cloning na haihuwa yana nufin samar da cikakken mutum, yayin da cloning na warkewa yana nufin samar da nama, matsakaicin cikakkiyar gabo, tare da manufar magance cuta. (wato don dalilai na warkewa). Saboda haka, jiyya na cloned amfrayo samu a cikin biyu lokuta daban-daban, ko da yake daidai da rigima.
Haihuwar cloning a cikin ɗan adam an hana shi kwata-kwata a duk duniya., kamar yadda muka yi tsammani a 'yan Lines da suka wuce, kuma therapeutic cloning yana da yuwuwar iyakance a kusa da doka, ko da yake yana iya bambanta bisa ga fikihu na kowace ƙasa.
Kamar yadda muka sani, cloning haihuwa an yi shi ne kawai a cikin dabbobi kuma a ƙarƙashin tsarin gwaji, muna magana ne game da dolly shahararriyar tunkiya, wanda ya zo duniya a cikin 1996 don kawo sauyi na juyin juya hali a kimiyya.
Tun daga wannan lokacin, an gudanar da bincike daban-daban a kusa da cloning na warkewa, don samun kwayoyin halitta masu kama da na marasa lafiya don magance cututtuka daban-daban.
Madadin warkewa cloning
Sakamakon muhawarar da wannan fasaha ta ƙunsa, kimiyya ta haifar da hanyoyi masu ban sha'awa ga cloning na warkewa wanda kuma ya ba da damar samun kwayoyin halitta.
Ofayansu shine cell reprogramming, kuma aka sani da iPS. Wannan dabarar ta ƙunshi ɗaukar kwayoyin halitta masu girma da sake tsara su don su kasance kamar ƙwayoyin embryonic stem cell, kuma an yi amfani da shi cikin nasara wajen magance cututtuka irin su Parkinson ko ciwon sukari.
Akwai kuma zaɓi na Samun sel mai tushe daga haɗe-haɗe na extraembryonic, kamar igiyar cibiya: Za a iya fitar da sel masu tushe daga gare ta a lokacin bayarwa waɗanda za a adana su a bankunan sel don amfani daga baya. Irin wannan nau'in kwayoyin halitta kuma suna da fa'ida cewa ba sa haifar da ƙin yarda a cikin majiyyaci, tun da ba sel na waje ba ne, amma nasu.
Muhawarar har yanzu a bude take: shin cloning na warkewa juyin juya hali ne?
Cloning na warkewa na iya zama wani zaɓi mai ban sha'awa don maganin cututtuka ta hanyar ƙirƙirar sel masu ƙarfi na autologous daga mai haƙuri. Duk da haka, yuwuwar sa da ka'idojinsa sun kasance batun muhawara. Bugu da ƙari, akwai wasu hanyoyin da ake da su waɗanda za su iya samar da kwayoyin halitta cikin ɗabi'a da aminci.
Yana da mahimmanci a ci gaba da bincike da haɓaka duk waɗannan fasahohin don ci gaba a cikin maganin cututtuka da inganta rayuwar marasa lafiya.