Shin wani ya sami damar sauka zuwa ga Mita 11.000 kasa da matakin teku? Amsar ita ce e, kuma wanda ya fara cim ma hakan a shekara ta 19060.
Ginin Italiyanci ne kuma ya gangara sosai a cikin balaguron balaguron da aka yi da Trieste bathyscaphe.
Mun san zurfin teku tsawon shekaru 70, babu kuma
Ɗaya daga cikin manyan ƙalubalen ɗan adam shine bincika duniya, ta iska, ruwa da ƙasa. Kuma hakika teku tana daya daga cikin wurare mafi wahala. Shekaru da yawa da alama ba zai yiwu a sauka ko da 'yan mita ƙasa da matakin teku ba. Ka yi tunanin cewa muna magana ne game da shekara ta 1960 lokacin da zai yiwu a fara bincika abin da ke cikin zurfin teku. Wato a ce, duk abin da aka sani na zurfin zurfin daga shekaru 70 da suka wuce.
A wannan lokacin, dan Adam ya sami damar gina ingantaccen yanayi don samun damar bincika zurfin teku, kafin ya iyakance kansa da abin da ya fi waje. An fara saukowa zuwa zurfin zurfi a cikin 1960, a cikin Challenger Deep na Marainas Trench. Ya yiwu a rage kusan mita 110.000, musamman game da zurfin 10.929m.
The Challenger Deep da Mariana Trench
Idan muna so mu sami wuri mafi zurfi a duniyar duniyar, dole ne mu je zuwa Marina Trench, inda muka sami zurfin bakin ciki na teku a duniyar. Yana da tsawon kilomita 2.500, amma tare da siffa mai mahimmanci, tare da siffar jinjirin wata. Ya ta'allaka ne tsakanin farantin tectonic na Philippine da farantin tectonic na Pacific. A geographically, za mu iya sanya shi tsakanin Philippines, New Guinea da Japan, a Arewacin Pacific.
balaguron jirgin ruwa na turanci
Wannan shine wuri mafi zurfi a duniya, kuma yana da tsayin mita 10.900 a ƙarƙashin teku. Ana kiransa da Challenger Abyss, sunan da ake samu saboda wani jirgin Ingila ne ya gano shi An kira shi Challenger, a wajajen shekara ta 1875. A cikin wannan balaguron an ce mafi girman zurfin da ke kasa da teku ya kai 8.184, wanda hakan ya sa mu yi tunanin cewa watakila daga baya za a gano cewa akwai sauran zurfin ganowa.
Birtaniya sun canza wannan adadi
Bayan 'yan shekaru, a cikin 1951, wani balaguron Birtaniya ya iya ganin cewa abin da aka gano har zuwa lokacin da kuma cewa sun auna a zurfin mita 8.184 a hakika ba rijiya ba ce, amma wani rami ne, kuma hakan ya faru. Ya auna zurfin mita 10.863. Don girmamawa ga binciken farko, balaguro na biyu ya yanke shawarar kiran abyss bayan jirgin, Challenger.
Har wala yau an san cewa ramin yana da siffar jinjirin wata, da haka an kasu kashi uku; gabas, tsakiya da yamma. Bugu da ƙari, zurfin da aka auna, ko da yake yana da maƙarƙashiya, yanzu an san ya dan kadan. Akwai magana game da kimanin mita 10.902 ko 10.929, ko dai ba a sani ba.
Cin nasara kan abubuwan da ke tattare da teku
Tsakanin 50s zuwa 60s, ’yan Adam sun sami ci gaban kimiyya da yawa, a kowane mataki. Yana yiwuwa a shawo kan iyakokin duniya da yawa wanda har sai lokacin ya zama kamar ba zai yiwu ba, ta iska, ta ƙasa ko ta teku. Mu tuna da haka An harba tauraron dan adam na farko a shekarar 1957. zuwa sararin samaniya, da kuma cewa dan Adam da kansa ya kai sararin samaniya a shekara ta 1961. Dangane da duniya kuma an wuce iyaka, inda aka kai kololuwar tsaunuka mafi tsayi a doron kasa kamar Everest da K2 a cikin shekarun 50. Kuma a karshen wannan shekaru goma An gina tushen bincike na farko na Pole ta Kudu. Dukkanin wuraren da mutum bai iya kaiwa ba sai lokacin.
Teku ya kasance wani ƙalubale ga ’yan Adam. Jiragen ruwan da aka gina a wancan lokacin ba su iya kaiwa ga zurfin zurfi. Dole ne su yi wani gini na musamman don samun damar isa zurfin mita masu yawa a cikin teku. Babu wani jirgin ruwa da zai iya jure irin wannan matsi na ruwa.
Bathyspheres da bathyscapes, mafita don samun damar gano zurfin teku
Dole ne su gina sassan ƙarfe waɗanda aka saukar da igiya kuma waɗanda aka makala a cikin jirgin don kada su ɓace a cikin zurfin. Wannan ginin ya sami sunan bathyspheres. Sun fara gwada su a cikin shekarun 30 kuma a cikin 1934 sun gangara zuwa mita 923. Duk da haka, suna buƙatar wani abu dabam don su sami damar zuwa zurfi.
Bayan yakin duniya na biyu, an ƙera kayan wanka, kama da na wanka amma ba tare da an haɗa su da igiya ba. Wadannan sun gangara zuwa prepulsion tare da taimakon injinan lantarki. Wani dan Italiya ne ya tsara shi a shekara ta 1948. Amma farin cikin bai daɗe ba, ya ƙare ya nutse bayan nutsewa mai kyau. Bayan wani lokaci, wani dan kasar Switzerland mai suna Auguste Piccard ya bi wannan ra'ayin kuma ya gina wani wurin wanka. Ya sanya masa suna FNRS-2. Ba ta nutse ba, kuma a hakika sojojin ruwan Faransa ne suka yi amfani da shi wajen gudanar da wani aiki a gabar tekun Senegal, wanda ya gangaro zuwa mita 4.000.
Bathyscaphe na Trieste
Amma Piccard bai tsaya tare da wannan samfurin ba kuma shi ke nan. Ya tsara wani zanen wanka kuma a wannan karon ya sanya a man fetur cike dakin. Wannan ya ba shi damar samun ƙarin sha'awa. Kuma har ma ya tsara sararin samaniya domin ma'aikatan jirgin biyu su tafi. Me yasa ake kiran ta da Trieste Bathyscaphe? Domin a lokacin Piccard ya koma Trieste kuma daga nan ne ya tsara wannan sabon samfurin wanka.
Sai a shekarar 1953 aka fara amfani da shi kuma a shekarar 1958 ne sojojin ruwa na Amurka suka saye shi da ke son yin bincike kan mashigar ruwa ta Mariana. A cikin 1959 an koma wurin wanka Mariana Trench kuma a farkon shekarun 60, an gudanar da bincike ta hanyar Challenger Deep. A ciki akwai Piccard da kansa da Don Walsh, wani kyaftin a rundunar sojojin ruwan Amurka.
Tafiyar da kanta ta dauki kimanin sa'o'i 5 sannan ta sauko don taba kasan kwarin da ke yammacin teku, a zurfin mita 10.900. Daga cikin zurfin da suka yi magana da mahaifiyar jirgin ta hanyar hydrophone. Tafiyar ba ta dade ba domin bayan mintuna 20 wani Layer na Plexiglas ya ruguje. (Wani yanki mai haske wanda ke ba da damar ganin abin da ke waje kuma wanda ke iya jure wa waɗannan manyan matsi, aƙalla zuwa wani yanki). Dole ne su tashi da sauri kamar yadda za su iya, wanda ya tashi daga tafiyar awa 5 zuwa zurfin zuwa awa 3 da kwata. Sun tsallake rijiya da baya, kuma aikin ya samu cikakkiyar nasara.