Planet Saturn: Halaye, Tsarin, Tauraron Dan Adam da ƙari

El Saturn Duniya Yana daya daga cikin duniyoyin da masana kimiyya da 'yan koyo suka fi so, saboda halayensa, daya daga cikinsu shi ne ana iya ganinsa cikin sauki daga doron kasa, kyawun zobenta, tauraron dan adam da sauransu.

duniyar saturn Dangane da girmansa, yana biye da "Jupiter" wanda yake a matsayi na farko a girmansa, a matsayi dangane da kusanci da Rana, shi ne lamba shida, yana da zobe waɗanda za a iya kallon su daga duniya.

Amma ga sunan, ya fito ne daga Allahn Roman Saturn. Ana samuwa a cikin rukunin abubuwan da ake kira gaseous ko duniyar waje.

Bangaren da ya fi fice a wannan duniyar shi ne zoben sa masu haske. A ko da yaushe ana daukar ta a matsayin duniyar da ta fi tauraro, kasancewar a wancan lokaci duniyar da ba ta nuna wani abin sha'awa ko kuma tana da haske, wannan ya canza lokacin da aka kirkiro na'urar hangen nesa.

Galileo ya ga zoben duniyar a karon farko a shekara ta 1610, a wancan lokacin na'urar hangen nesa ba ta da haske sosai, wannan ya sa ya yi imanin cewa zoben manyan tauraron dan adam biyu ne.

Shekaru daga baya wannan bayanin ya gyara ta hanyar Christiaan Huygens, wanda, ta amfani da ingantattun kayan aiki, ya lura da hoops, wannan ya faru a shekara ta 1659.

Ta hanyar ilimin lissafi an nuna cewa zoben ba su da daidaito sosai kuma sun kasance da yawa barbashi tare da ƙaramin girman da aka haɗa su, na James Clerk Maxwell a shekara ta 1859.

Wadannan abubuwan da suka yi zoben wannan duniyar tamu sun sanya jujjuyawar ta ke da saurin gudu, ana kiyasin cewa za su iya tafiya a gudun kilomita 48.000 a cikin sa’a, kwatankwacin yadda mashin ke tafiya.

Asalin Sunan Duniya Saturn

Dangane da matsayi game da Rana, Saturn yana da maki ɗaya fiye da Rana. Duniyar JupiterWannan shine dalilin da ya sa Romawa suka sanya sunan sunan zuriyar Jupiter, wanda ake kira Saturn.

Dangane da tatsuniyar Romawa, Saturn ya kasance daidai da tsohon Girkanci Titan Cronus, wanda shine ɗan fari na “Uranus” kuma mahaifiyarsa ita ce “Gaea”, a cikin duniyar alloli, wanda Cronus ke mulki, maza suna da dabi’ar cinye mutane. 'ya'yan da aka haifa masa domin kada wannan Allah ya rasa kursiyinsa.

Daya daga cikin 'ya'yan ya yi nasarar tserewa daga cinyewa, sunansa "Zeus", sannan ya yi nasarar maye gurbin mahaifinsa a kan karaga.

Wadanda suka amfana su ne Girkawa da Romawa, waɗanda suka gaji Sumerian (addinin tarihi na Gabas ta Tsakiya) da hikima, sun fahimci duk abin da ya shafi sararin sama, sun tabbatar da cewa akwai taurari bakwai da suke jujjuyawa a sararin sama: Rana, taurari: Mercury , Venus, Mars, Jupiter da Saturn, akwai kuma wata.

Haka kuma akwai taurari da dama da suke yawo, masu gudu daban-daban kuma suka yi ta kewaya duniyar duniyar, wannan duniyar an ce ita ce cibiyar sararin samaniya.

Saturn yana tafiya da mafi ƙarancin gudu na taurari biyar, don kewaya Rana yana ɗaukar kimanin shekaru ashirin da tara da kwana ɗari huɗu da hamsin da bakwai, yana ɗaukar kusan sau uku fiye da ɗaukar Jupiter, wanda shine shekaru goma sha ɗaya da ɗari takwas da kwana sittin da bakwai.kwana biyu, dangane da sauran duniyoyi uku da suka rage kamar Mercury, Venus da Mars, rashin daidaito ya fi girma.

Saturn ya fito fili saboda yana da hankali sosai kuma idan Jupiter ya kamata ya zama Zeus, Saturn shine Cronus, tsohon uba, wanda a hankali ya ratsa ta cikin taurari.

Babban Halayen Duniyar Saturn

Duniyar tana da sanduna masu karkata kuma wani nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau’in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau’in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'i na nau'in ya fito ya fito a cikin ma’auni. Ma'auninsa a yankin equator yana da kilomita 120.536 kuma a yankin polar yana da kilomita 108.728.

Wannan yana faruwa ne sakamakon saurin motsinsa ko jujjuyawarsa, da ɗan ƙaramin nauyi da yake da shi da kuma yanayinsa na iskar gas. Sauran taurarin kuma suna da siffa mai siffar kwali amma ba ta da alama.

Yana da kauri kusan ɗari shida da casa'in kg/m³, Ya kamata a lura da cewa a cikin taurari wannan shi ne kawai wanda ke da ƙananan yawa fiye da yawan ruwa, kasancewa dubu daya kg / m.³.

Yanayinta ya kai kusan kashi casa'in da shida na hydrogen kuma yana da helium kashi uku cikin dari.

Yana da juzu'in da ake buƙata don tallafawa duniyar duniyar, wanda ke da girman duniya sau casa'in da biyar kawai, saboda ƙarancin ƙarancinsa.

Lokacin jujjuyawar duniya yana da shakku tunda ita duniya ce wacce ba ta da wani waje kuma akwai bambanci a cikin yanayinta, a duk lokacin da ta yi juyi a wani latitude daban-daban.

Tun da aka aika da raƙuman sauti da ake kira Voyager, an kiyasta cewa lokacin jujjuyawar duniya, bisa ga zagayowar adadin siginar rediyo da ta fallasa, ya kai kimanin sa'o'i 10 da mintuna 39 da daƙiƙa 22.

Cassini da Ulisses ayyuka ne na sararin samaniya waɗanda suka iya nuna cewa wannan rashin hayaƙi na rediyo koyaushe yana bambanta cikin lokaci, misali a wannan lokacin yana da awa 10 da mintuna 45 kuma kusan daƙiƙa arba'in da biyar.

Bambancin lokacin jujjuyawar radius na iya haifar da aikin cryovolcanic (wanda shine nau'in dutsen dutsen ƙanƙara da ruwa), kama da geysers (wanda shine tushen thermal wanda a cikin ɗan lokaci ya ƙaddamar da ruwa tare da babban zafin jiki kusa da iskar gas. ), daga tauraron dan adam na shida na Saturn Enceladus, wanda ke fitar da abubuwan da ke kewayen duniya ta hanyar mu'amala da filin maganadisu a wajen duniyar duniyar.

Wanda ake amfani da shi don sanin nawa jujjuyawar tsakiya ke auna inda ya fara. A taƙaice, za a iya sanin tazarar jujjuyawar ɓangaren duniyar duniyar ta hanyar yin ƙididdiga masu ƙima.

Saturn ya ninka girman duniyar duniya sau tara, kuma sau tara nesa da Rana.

Idan aka hango duniyar duniya da Saturn daga Rana a halin yanzu suna wuri daya, a daidai lokacin da aka yanke tafsirin kewayawa ta hanyar elliptical, za a ga taurarin biyu suna da girmansu daya.

Tsarin Cikin Gida na Duniya

Bisa ga tsarin taurari na yau da kullun, sashin Saturn na ciki yana kama da na ciki na Jupiter, inda ainihin dutsen ke kewaye da helium, hydrogen da alamun wasu abubuwa masu canzawa.

An rufe waje da bargo na ruwa hydrogen, sakamakon yanayin zafi da yawa kuma saboda matsanancin matsin lamba.

Akwai yanayi da helium da kuma hydrogen suka samar a wajen duniyar tamu mai tsawon kimanin kilomita dubu talatin.

Ana tunanin cewa a cikin duniyar nan akwai wani cibiya da aka samar da kayan da ke da ƙananan zafin jiki waɗanda aka samo su tun lokacin da aka halicci duniya kuma daidaitonsa dole ne ya zama ruwa, yana yin matsin lamba kuma zafin jiki dole ne ya kasance daidai da yanayin zafin jiki.

Yanayin zafi yana kusa da dubu biyu K, kusan sau biyu yanayin zafin saman Rana.

Saturn, kamar yadda Jupiter da Neptune, ke nuna zafi mai yawa a waje, wanda ya fi wanda aka karɓa ta  Estructura na rana. Wani yanki na wannan makamashi yana samuwa ta hanyar jinkirin raguwa da duniya ke yi, yana fitar da makamashi mai mahimmanci wanda aka haifa daga matsi.

Ana kiran wannan nau'in na'ura mai suna "Kelvin-Helmholtz" inji. Zafin da ya wuce gona da iri wanda ke samuwa saboda rabe-raben zagayowar da ke tsakanin hydrogen da helium masu kama da juna, wadanda ke rasa kamanceceniya tun lokacin da duniya ke samuwa, yana fitar da makamashin gravitational kamar zafi.

Ƙararrawa

Gilashin iskar gas na Saturn yana da nau'in nau'i na haske da sauran sautunan duhu waɗanda suke kama da na Jupiter, tare da bambancin cewa makada da Saturn ke da su sun fi sauƙi.

Halin da ke cikin duniyar nan yana tare da manyan iskoki waɗanda ke da alkibla zuwa madadin daidaici a cikin latitude ɗinta kuma tare da alamomi masu yawa a cikin sassan duniya biyu, duk da sakamakon yanayin yanayi na yadda duniyar ke karkata.

Babban halin yanzu da ke fitowa daga yankin equatorial yana mamaye iska a tsayin daka Gajimare tare da kewayon gudun mita ɗari huɗu da hamsin a cikin lokacin Voyager. Akasin abin da ke faruwa a cikin Jupiter yana faruwa, ba manyan vortices ba ne, akwai nau'in ƙarami iri-iri.

Mafi girman gizagizai ana tsammanin sun ƙunshi lu'ulu'u na ammonia. A sama da waɗannan lu'ulu'u akwai hazo da ke kewaya duniyar duniyar, sakamakon abubuwan da suka faru na photochemical a cikin duka Layer gas na yanayi mafi girma, kusan mbar goma.

Tare da zurfin zurfi da matsi na kusan mashaya goma, ruwan da ke cikin sararin samaniya zai iya zama cikin tafsirin ruwa mai gizagizai wanda har yau ba a gani ba.

Akwai guguwa a cikin sararin sama, kamar waɗanda ke faruwa akan Jupiter, an ga wasu daga cikinsu daga ƙasa. Kamar yadda a cikin 1933 akwai wata farar inuwa wacce take a matakin equator, masanin falaki William Thomson ya gani.

Wurin yana da girma sosai cewa an hango shi tare da refractor na 7 cm, ya dade sosai, ya ɓace nan da nan. Wanda ke da alaka da batun daidaita manyan guguwa.

Akwai faranti na hoto da aka ɗauka a ƙarni na baya, tare da tazarar shekaru talatin a tsakanin su. Inda za ku iya ganin inuwa mai kama da waɗanda aka samu a shekarun baya. A shekarar 1994 an yi guguwar da ita ma aka gani amma girmanta ya yi kasa da na shekarar 1990 kashi hamsin cikin dari.

A 1962 inuwa ya fara girma, ba shi da wani ci gaba. A cikin shekara ta 1990, an ga wani katon farin gajimare da ke cikin equator na Saturn, wanda aka haɗa shi cikin rukunin manyan guguwa.

An kama guguwa da yawa masu girman gaske akan Saturn ta hanyar binciken Cassini.

Akwai wata katuwar guguwa, wadda a cikinta tana da walƙiya dubu goma fiye da duk wata guguwar da ta bayyana a duniya, bayyanarta ta kasance a ranar 27 ga Nuwamba, 2007, kuma ta ɗauki kimanin watanni bakwai da rabi, a lokacin ita ce guguwa. rikodin tsawon lokacin da ya daɗe, wanda ba a taɓa gani ba a tsarin hasken rana.

Wannan guguwa ta kasance a kudancin duniyar duniyar, yankin da yake cikinta ana kiranta "alley of hadari" tun da a ƙarshe waɗannan abubuwan suka faru a wannan wuri. Rahoton ya zarce da bayyanar wata guguwa a wuri guda, wannan ya faru ne a shekara ta 2009 a cikin watan Janairu, tare da tsawon watanni tara.

An yi wata mahaukaciyar guguwa mai girman gaske da ta mamaye duniya baki daya, wannan ya faru ne a cikin watan Disamba na shekarar 2010, a wannan karon ne a yankin arewaci ya haifar da wata sigar tsakiya mai launin duhu mai fadin kilomita dubu biyar.

Kamar inuwar da ta bayyana akan Jupiter mai suna "Great Red Spot", tana da karfi sosai, watakila ita ce mafi karfin duk wani hadari da ya faru. Wannan guguwar ta dauki gizagizai na lu'ulu'u ammonia zurfafa cikin yanayin Saturn.

An shafe kusan kwanaki dari biyu fiye ko kasa da haka, tare da hadin gwiwar binciken Cassini da na'urorin hangen nesa na kasa, an gudanar da bincike a kansa, wanda ya kara girmansa har ya kai wani yanki da ya kai girman duniya sau takwas. mai yiwuwa don godiya tare da sauƙi na raƙuman rediyo waɗanda aka samar tare da na'urar lantarki da aka haɗa da ita.

Yankunan polar suna da rafin jet a "78°N da 78°S". A cikin 1980s, binciken Voyager ya gano wani nau'i mai siffar hexagonal a cikin yanki na iyakar arewa wanda na'urar hangen nesa Hubble ya gani daga sararin samaniya a cikin shekaru goma na karshe na karni na XNUMX.

Binciken Cassini ya ɗauki hotuna na zamani waɗanda ke nuna vortex na polar daki-daki. Saturn ya zuwa yanzu ya zama na musamman wajen samun vortex na polar tare da wannan nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'i a lokacin da vortices kuma suke a cikin taurari na Venus da Duniya.

Dangane da hexagon da ke arewacin sandar Saturn, kowane bangare yana da kimanin kilomita dubu goma sha uku da dari takwas a ma'auninsa, ya fi girman diamita na duniya, hexagon yana da juyi irin na motsin da taurarin ke yi. da .

Bambancin shi ne cewa wannan igiyar igiyar ruwa ce wadda ba ta bambanta da girmanta ba, kuma ba ta da bambancin tsari, kamar yadda yake faruwa da sauran gizagizai da ake samu a cikin yanayi.

An maimaita adadi mai kusurwa guda uku masu ɗauke da fuskoki uku zuwa shida ta hanyar jujjuyawar ruwa a cikin simintin gwaji.

A daya bangaren kuma, a gabar kudu wasu magudanan ruwa na jet suna nan, kamar yadda Hotunan da aka dauka suka nuna, wadannan ba igiyar ruwa ba ce mai tsayin daka guda, ba kuma ba ce. Hakazalika, NASA ta bayar da rahoto a watan Nuwamban 2006 inda ta ce binciken Cassini ya kama wata guguwa a kusa da sandar kudu, tana da kaifi ido.

Tsaftar idanuwa kawai aka gani a duniyar duniyar, ba ma a cikin Great Red Spot na Jupiter ta hanyar binciken Galileo ba a gano wani hoto da ke nuna ingantaccen ido ba.

Tashin hankali wanda ke da sama ko kasa da kilomita dubu takwas a diamita, ba za a iya daukar hotonsa ba har ya zuwa yanzu, kuma binciken Cassini ya yi nazari, iskar ta nuna ma'aunin kilomita dari biyar a cikin sa'a guda.

A cikin shekara ta 2010 a cikin watan Afrilu, NASA ta buga wasu hotuna da bidiyo da ke nuna na'urar lantarki da ke da alaƙa da guguwar da ke faruwa a cikin yanayinta, wannan ya faru a karon farko a wannan ranar.

Orbit na Planet Saturn

El Saturn Duniya yana kewaya Rana da matsakaicin tazarar kilomita miliyan dubu ɗaya da ɗari huɗu da sha takwas da kuma Birita na eccentricity ne 0,056, wurin da batu da cewa shi ne mafi nisa daga Rana game da Saturn (aphelion) ne dubu daya da ɗari biyar kilomita, kuma perihelion ne game da dubu daya da ɗari biyu da arba'in kilomita miliyan. Saturn yana cikin Perihelion a cikin 1974.

Lokacin da za a zagaya rana ya kai kimanin shekaru 29 da kwanaki 167, kuma lokacin synodic (wanda shine lokacin da ake zagawa da haduwa a lokaci guda) kwanaki 378 ne, wannan yana nufin yana da shekara ta Duniya, sabanin ya samo asali ne da jinkiri na kusan makonni biyu dangane da shekarar da ta gabata.

Lokacin juyawa game da wurin tsakiyarsa gajere ne, kamar sa'o'i goma da mintuna goma sha huɗu, koyaushe akwai wasu bambance-bambance tare da ma'aunin ma'aunin zafi da sanduna.

Raka'o'in Saturn suna canzawa tare da ma'auni na shekaru ɗari tara saboda sautin orbital na nau'in 5: 2 game da duniyar Jupiter, masana astronomers na Faransa na karni na sha takwas sun ba shi sunan "la grande inégalité" ( Jupiter yana yin sauyi biyar ga kowane juyi biyu da Saturn yayi).

Taurari ba su da madaidaicin rawa, waɗannan resonances kusan koyaushe suna kama da tashin hankali don a yaba.

Tauraron Dan Adam na Duniya Saturn

Duniyar tana da tauraron dan adam da yawa, jimilla kusan tamanin da biyu masu kewayawa na yau da kullun, ana sabunta su a cikin 2019, tauraron dan adam mafi mahimmanci shine "Titan" wanda ke da tsarin da ke da yanayi mai mahimmanci.

Manyan tauraron dan adam, wadanda aka sani kafin a fara binciken sararin samaniya, sune Minas, Tethys, Enceladus, Dione, Titan, Rhea, Iapetus, Hyperion, Phoebe.

Dangane da Enceladus da Titan, su ne tauraron dan adam guda biyu da masana kimiyya suka fi so, na farko saboda ana tunanin cewa ka'idar cewa ana samun ruwa mai ruwa a cikinsa ba da nisa da sama ba, sama da fitar da tururin ruwa, yana iya yiwuwa. geysers da na biyu, wanda a cikinsa akwai wani yanayi mai arzikin methane kuma yayi kama da na zamanin da.

Sauran tauraron dan adam, jimilla talatin, suma suna da sunaye, duk da cewa adadin yana da shakku saboda akwai abubuwa da yawa da suke kewayawa a kusa da duniyar. A cikin 2000 an haɗa wasu kusan goma sha biyu.

Wadannan watanni goma sha biyu bisa ga kewayarsu ana ganin su a matsayin wasu manyan abubuwa da suka ja hankalin duniya. A cikin aikin Cassini-Huygens sun kuma gano watanni da yawa, an fitar da binciken karshe a ranar 3 ga Maris, 2009 kuma hakan ya sanya lamba 61 na duniya.

Zoben da ake zato na Titan, wanda ba a bayyana ba kwata-kwata, zagayen lemu ne mai duhu, ana iya ganinsa daga na'urar hangen nesa mara ƙwararru, tare da buɗewar 200mm kawai, yana buƙatar ɗaukaka kusan ɗari uku da sararin sama. Mafi kusa wanda za'a iya auna yana iya zama kusan 0,88 seconds na baka.

Sauran tauraron dan adam sun fi karami kuma suna da kamanceceniya da taurari. Ana iya lura da tauraron dan adam da ke ciki, ko da tare da kyamarar CCD ta amfani da mai da hankali fiye da 2m.

Rarraba Tauraron Dan Adam

• Titan: Shi ne wata mafi girma, yana da girman kwatankwacin duniya, a wannan yanayin daidai da girman Mercury. Yanayinsa yana da kauri. Tana da siffa ta samun zobe masu haske wanda duk mai son ganin duniyoyi da taurari da tauraron dan adam zai iya gani, tare da na’urar hangen nesa da ya wuce 200mm diamita kuma tana da girma sama da dari uku; a cikin mafi kyawun adawarsa yana iya samun ma'auni na kusan daƙiƙa 0,88 a cikin baka.
• Daskararre matsakaiciyar tauraron dan adam: Su ne watannin da ke da matsakaicin girma, wadannan watannin an gansu a karon farko ta hanyar na'urar hangen nesa, kungiyar ta kunshi: Mimas, Tethys, Enceladus, Rhea, Dione, Iapetus da Hyperion. Filayen duka an rufe su da ƙanƙara, kuma suna da ramuka da yawa.
• Ring Satellites: Waɗannan su ne watannin da ke kewayawa a cikin faifan duniyar duniyar, suna kiyaye yankuna daga kwayoyin halitta. Misali shine Pan, wanda ke goyan bayan sashin Encke. Akwai wani ƙaramin wata, Daphne (S2005 S 1), wanda aka ba shi alhakin yin tsagawar Keeler.
• Fastoci na tauraron dan adam: Su ne watannin da ke da kewayawa kusa da tsarin a cikin zoben Saturn kuma suna aiki tare da yin samfurin tsarin zoben. Pandora da Prometheus ne ke kula da yin ƙirar zoben F.
• Trojan watanni: Wadannan watanni suna yin tazarar tazara da duniyar wata, suna da bambancin digiri kusan sittin tsakanin su da manyan watanni. Akwai "Calypso da Telesto" su ne Trojan watanni na wata "Tethys", "Pollux da Helena" da ba a gano da dadewa, ta Cassini-Huygens manufa, su Trojans na wata Dione.
• Watanni Masu Haɗin Kai: Su ne watannin da suke zagayawa tsakanin su, a cikin wannan rukunin akwai "Epimetheus da Janus", lokacin da aka gano su akwai wani abu mai ruɗani, masana kimiyya sun ɗauka cewa tauraron dan adam ne kawai, a cikin yanayin sararin samaniya suna yin wani nau'i na canji. tsakanin su don gujewa karo.
• Watanni ba bisa ka'ida ba: A cikin wannan saitin sune mafi rinjaye, watan da ya fi girma shine "Febe"; sauran watannin ƙanana ne, ba su da yawa a diamita, suna kewayawa da nisa daga duniyar duniyar. Ana iya raba wannan saitin zuwa ƙananan ƙungiyoyi, kamar saitin Inuit, saitin Norse, da saitin Galic.
• Ƙananan watanni na ciki: Su ne kananan watannin da ke kewaya tsakanin watannin Mimas da Enceladus, su ne Palene da Metone, wanda aikin Cassini-Huygens ya gano kwanan nan. Sakamakon hadin gwiwar wannan manufa an gudanar da bincike da dama, kamar bakaken diski da ke kewayawa kusa da wadannan watanni, irin su Metone da Anthe, dalilin da ya sa na iya kasancewa sanadiyyar karo da wasu meteorites a wadannan watanni.

Watanni Mara Suna

Lokacin da aka gano wata, ana ba shi suna na wucin gadi yayin da Ƙungiyar Ƙwararrun Astronomical ta Duniya ta sanya sunan. Koyaushe ana gudanar da su da wasu dokoki:

• An sanya shi babban birnin kasar "S" wanda ke ba da alamar "satellite".
• Sa'an nan slash "/" kuma shekarar gano ta ya biyo baya.
• An haɗa farkon sunan duniyar da take kewayawa; Misali, idan ya zagaya Saturn, “S” koyaushe ana yin babban girmansa.
• Bayanin ya ƙare da ƙididdige adadin kwanan watan da aka samo, yana sanya shekara. Misali: S/2006 S 14, yana nufin cewa shi ne tauraron dan adam na 14 da aka samu a shekarar 2006.

Ring Systems na Duniya

Ɗaya daga cikin abubuwan da suka fi fice a cikin duniyar Saturn shine zoben da ke cikinta, wanda ya kasance abin mamaki ga masana kimiyya na farko da masu sha'awar da suka zo su hango ta, kamar yadda Galileo ya faru. Cewa ba shi da na'urar hangen nesa tare da damar da za ta iya bambanta abin da ke gefen Saturn a fili, yana tunanin cewa duniyar ta kasance tare da abubuwa biyu a kowane gefe.

Shekaru da yawa sun wuce, lokacin da suka iya gani a fili cewa akwai zobba biyu a kowane gefe, Galileo ya yi mamakin sanin bacewar abubuwan da ke kusa da duniyar. Sannan Christiaan Huygens a shekara ta 1659, yana da na'urar hangen nesa mai karfin iko.

Ina gudanar da hangen nesa na zoben duniya, waɗannan suna faɗaɗa ta cikin yankin equatorial na Saturn daga 6.730 zuwa 120.700 kilomita sama da equator na duniya kuma abin da ke cikin waɗannan zobe shine hatsi tare da babban adadin ruwan sanyi.

Girman hatsi sun bambanta daga ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan duwatsu zuwa mita daya.

Babban adadin "irradiation" da ke nunawa a saman dangane da "radiation" da ke fadowa a wannan yanki, shine "albedo", wanda ke samuwa a cikin zobe, yana nuna cewa sun kasance na baya-bayan nan dangane da lokacin da cewa. ya wuce. da kuma hanya Yaya tsarin hasken rana ya kasance.

A farkon, na yi tunanin cewa waɗannan zobe ba su da kwanciyar hankali, an yi imani da wannan na dogon lokaci, watakila miliyoyin shekaru, akwai wata hujja da aka gano ba da daɗewa ba, binciken Cassini yana ƙididdige cewa zoben sun girmi fiye da waɗanda aka kiyasta har sai lokacin. .

Waɗannan zobe suna da aiki mai sarƙaƙƙiya na orbital, suna sakin raƙuman ruwa mai yawa, da kuma yin mu’amala da tauraron dan adam na duniya, musamman da tauraron dan adam da ake kira Shepherd. Yayin da suke zaune tare da ciki na "Roche", an hana hoops daga tasowa da kuma samar da jiki na sama.

An raba zoben zuwa wurare masu yawa da ƙananan adadin abun ciki, barin ɓangarorin bayyane a cikin wuraren. Mafi mahimmancin zobe suna wanzu kuma ana kiran su A da B, rabuwa ta Cassini. A cikin ciki na zobe B zaka iya ganin wani zobe wanda ya fi sauƙi amma ya fi girma: C kuma wannan shine wani zobe mai haske da bakin ciki: D.

A cikin yanki na waje yana yiwuwa a ga wani zobe mai kyau da maras kyau wanda ke ɗauke da sunan zobe F. Ƙarshen zoben E yana daga "Mimas" zuwa "Rhea" kuma ya kai mafi girma kusa da "Enceladus", ana fahimtar cewa wannan yana ba da kaya. shi da barbashi, saboda samfurori na wasu geysers da ke cikin Pole ta Kudu.

Har zuwa XNUMXs, tsarin mulkin zoben ya fito fili ta hanyar motsa jiki wanda mafi kusa da tauraron dan adam ke nunawa.

Binciken Voyager ya gano tsarin tsarin radial da inuwa wanda ke cikin zoben B kuma ana kiransa radial wedges ko kakakin, wanda ba shi da wani bayani, saboda motsin juyawa da ke kewaye da zoben bai kasance na dindindin ba tare da tsarin orbital.

An fahimci cewa waɗannan gungu masu inuwa suna da alaƙa da yankin maganadisu na Saturn, saboda motsin su na jujjuya zuwa zoben yana da saurin kama da saurin magnetosphere na duniya. Ko da yake ba a gano tsarin da ya lissafta tsarin sa ba. Akwai yuwuwar cewa ƙullun za su bayyana kuma su watse ta hanya madaidaiciya.

A shekara ta 2005, a ranar 15 ga Agusta, kayan da ke cikin kumbon Cassini sun kawo haske game da wanzuwar samfurin kama da yanayin da ke kewaye da tsarin zobe, wanda ya kunshi mafi yawan oxygen na kwayoyin halitta.

Da wannan bayanin, an cimma matsaya: yanayin da ke cikin tsarin zobe na duniya ya yi kama da na watannin Jupiter, mai suna "Europa da Ganymede".

A ranar 19 ga Satumba, 2006, NASA ta fallasa gano wani zobe a cikin Saturn Duniya, ta kumbon Cassini a tsakiyar binciken hasken rana, a lokacin ne Rana ta wuce daidai bayan Saturn kuma a wannan lokacin jirgin Cassini yana cikin inuwar da Saturn ya bari kuma a cikin wannan lokacin ana nuna zoben da ke haskakawa. kuma mafi haske.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bJB1xlsLKdA

Yana da al'ada ga alkyabbar hasken rana ya ɗauki awa ɗaya, amma a ranar 17 ga Satumba na waccan shekarar ya kasance kusan sa'o'i goma sha biyu, wannan shine mafi dadewa da aikin Cassini ya rubuta. Wannan fakuwar ta baiwa Cassini damar yin taswirorin wanzuwar abubuwan da ba a iya gani akai-akai, a cikin tsarin zobe.

Zoben da aka gano, ba a iya gani kadan, yana tsakanin Ring F da Ring G.

Wadannan masu daidaitawa sun yarda da kewayen tauraron dan adam na Saturn "Jano da Epimetheus", watanni ne guda biyu na duniya tare da haɗin gwiwa inda rabuwa da tsakiyar duniyar yana da ƙananan bambance-bambance a cikin girman tauraron, wanda ke da irin rawan da ke yin motsi a tsakanin su.

Masana kimiyya a NASA sun tabbata cewa karon meteorites da tauraron dan adam ya sa wasu kwayoyin halitta shiga cikin zobe.

Hotunan da na'urorin da ke cikin kumbon Cassini suka dauka sun gano wani abu da ke da karancin zafin jiki da aka samu a wani yanki na 'yan kilomita dubu da dama da ya fara a cikin "Enceladus", akwai wasu shaidun da ke nuna cewa wannan tauraron dan adam. ƙaddamar da barbashi waɗanda ka iya zama sanadin samuwar zoben E.

An ga watã "Enceladus" ta cikin zoben E yana ganin jiragen da ke fitowa daga saman da suke kama da "yatsu", waɗanda ke zuwa wannan zobe, waɗannan jiragen suna da ƙwayoyin sanyi masu kyau, waɗannan suna fitar da su ta hanyar geysers. samu a Kudancin iyakacin duniya na "Enceladus" kuma shigar da zobe E.

"Dukansu sabon zobe da tsarin da ba a zato a cikin E sun ba mu muhimmiyar ma'ana game da yadda watanni za su iya ƙaddamar da ƙananan barbashi da sassaka nasu muhalli," in ji Matt Hedman, wani abokin bincike a Jami'ar Cornell a Ithaca, New York.

Kazalika Cassini ya yi nasarar daukar hoton duniya mai launi, mai nisa kusan kilomita miliyan dubu daya da dari biyar, a wannan hoton an ga duniyar sama. Akwai kuma wani hoto, wanda aka dauka a cikin wannan taron, inda za ku iya ganin wata.

Mutumin da ya tsara ƙungiyar da ke sarrafa kayan aikin binciken Cassini, ana kiranta Carolyn Porco, daga Cibiyar Kimiyyar Sararin Samaniya a Boulder, Colorado, ta yi tsokaci game da wannan lokacin:

"Babu wani abu da ke da iko mai yawa don canza yanayinmu game da kanmu da kuma matsayinmu a cikin sararin samaniya kamar waɗannan hotuna na duniya da muke samu daga wurare masu nisa kamar Saturn."

A ranar 24 ga Oktoba, 2007, NASA ta ba da rahoton gano wani nau'in bel ɗin micromoon wanda ke juyewa tare da ɓangaren waje na zobe A kuma ma'aunin ya bambanta, yana ƙididdige girman girmansa na babbar motar da ba ta da ma'auni kaɗan, ko da ma'aunin da ya kasance. kwatankwacin na filin wasa, sun ce yana iya kasancewa sanadiyyar asarar daya daga cikin kananan tauraron dan adam.

Na'urar hangen nesa ta Spitzer ta bayyana wani babban zobe a kusa da Saturn, wanda ya fi sauran zoben da ke kewaye da shi girma. An ɗauki ƙarni da yawa kafin a gano shi, tun da yake yana da ban mamaki cewa ba shi da sauƙin gani.

Sabuwar bel ɗin ta mamaye duk tsarin Saturnian. Tare da tarin da ke farawa kilomita miliyan shida daga Saturn kuma ya ninka har zuwa kilomita miliyan goma sha uku daga diamita. Watan da ke da nisa daga duniyar nan, "Phebe", wanda ke kewayawa a cikin zobe, yana iya kasancewa asalin tsarinsa.

Magnetosphere na Saturn

Jupiter yana da filin maganadisu mai ƙarfi fiye da filin Saturn, magnetosphere na wannan duniyar yana kusan kashi uku na na Jupiter. Saturn yana da magnetosphere wanda ya ƙunshi rukuni na bel na toroidal radiation kuma a cikinsa akwai electrons da atomic nuclei.

Wadannan bel suna baje kusan a nisan kilomita miliyan biyu daga tsakiyar Saturn, kuma yana yiwuwa ya zama dan kadan, suna tafiya a cikin kishiyar zuwa Rana, magnetosphere yana da girman da zai iya bambanta, shi duk ya dogara ne da ƙarfin iskar hasken rana (wanda shine kwararar ɓangarorin da aka caje daga Rana).

Zoben Saturn, tauraron dan adam da iskar hasken rana suna ba da barbashi da ke cikin bel ɗin radiation.

Lokacin yin juyawa shine sa'o'i goma, mintuna talatin da tara da daƙiƙa ashirin da biyar a cikin ɓangaren Saturn na ciki, Voyager ne ya yi wannan ma'aunin lokacin da ya wuce ta magnetosphere, wanda ke juyawa ta hanyar daidaitawa tare da ɓangaren ciki na Saturn. Saturn .

Ionosphere yana hulɗa tare da magnetosphere, ionosphere shine mafi girman alkyabbar yanayin duniyar duniyar, yana haifar da nunin auroral radiation ultraviolet; nazarin da aka gudanar kuma ya ce a yankin Arewa pole musamman akwai zobe mai kananan auroras kamar yadda ake yi na Jupiter ko a duniya cewa akwai wata katuwar aurora guda daya mai siffar zobe.

Ana zagawa da kewayen falakin Titan, da kuma faɗaɗa sararin samaniyar “Rhea”, ana iya ganin babban gajimare mai ƙaƙƙarfan gajimare wanda ya ƙunshi atom ɗin hydrogen na tsaka tsaki. Akwai kuma zobe na plasma, wanda ya ƙunshi hydrogen da watakila ions oxygen, wanda ke fitowa daga waje da kewayen "Tethys" kuma ya kusan kai ga kewayar "Titan". Plasma tana jujjuya kusan daidai daidai da filin maganadisu na Saturn.

Abubuwan lura na Planet Saturn

Saturn yana da sauƙin gani, yana da sauƙin gani daga ko'ina a sama a kowane lokaci kuma ana iya ganin zoben sa tare da na'urar hangen nesa mai sauƙi.

An nuna daidai a lokacin da aka yi nisan angular daga Rana (tsawon tsayi) na digiri dari da tamanin, wannan ya nuna cewa yana a kishiyar Rana a sararin samaniya.

A ranar 13 ga Janairu, 2005, an ga duniyar da iyaka wanda zai yi wuya a sake hango shi, kawai a cikin 2031, saboda daidaitawar zoben dangane da duniya.

Ana iya ganin Saturn a kowane lokaci, da dare tare da sararin sama, ana ganinsa a matsayin wurin da yake haskakawa, ba tare da kiftawa ba, hasken rawaya mai haske, girmansa zai iya bambanta daga +1 zuwa 0, don yin komowar rana. yana ɗaukar kimanin shekaru ashirin da tara da rabi.

Tare da taimakon na'urar hangen nesa, binoculars ko kowace na'urar da ke taimakawa wajen lura, akalla 20x za ku iya ganin zoben Saturn a fili.

Muhimman kwanakin a cikin lura da bincike na Saturn

• 1610: Galileo ya duba ta na'urar hangen nesa zoben Saturn.
• 1655: Wani masanin taurari dan kasar Holland Christiaan Huygens ne ya samo Titan.
• 1659: Christian Huygens ya hango zoben Saturn tare da tsabta sosai kuma ya bayyana ainihin bayyanar su.
• 1789: Ana ganin watannin Mimas da Enceladus a karon farko, na William Herschel.
• 1979: Jirgin da ya wuce da Pioneer 11. A ranar 1 ga Satumba, 1979, wani bincike na Amurka Pioneer 11 ya kusanta nisan kilomita 20,000 daga gajimare mafi girma.
• 1980: An haɓaka ta filin gravitational na Jupiter, Voyager 1 ya isa Saturn a ranar 12 ga Nuwamba a nisan kilomita 124. A wannan lokacin, an ga hadaddun tsarin da ke cikin tsarin zobe na duniya kuma an samu bayanai daga yanayin Saturn da tauraron dan adam mafi girma, Titan, wanda daga ciki ya wuce kasa da kilomita 200.
• 1982Voyager 2 yana fuskantar Saturn.
• 2004: Cassini/Huygens ya kai Saturn. Ta zama abin hawa na farko da ya zagaya duniya mai nisa kuma ta zo kusa da kututinta. An tsara aikin a sararin samaniya a cikin 2017.
• 2009: Godiya ga na'urar hangen nesa ta Spitzer, an gano wani zobe da ke kewaye da Saturn, wanda ba a iya gani daga duniya kuma wanda, bi da bi, shine mafi girma a cikin tsarin hasken rana.
• 2017: Binciken Cassini/Huygens ya shiga wucewa tsakanin duniya da zobe na kusa da ita da gudun kilomita 124.000 a cikin sa'a guda. A ko'ina cikin duniyar nan kuma gefensa mafi kusa shine nisa na kusan kilomita 2.000. Wannan ya faru ne a cikin wata na huɗu na shekara ta 2017. Don haka, dole ne ya cire haɗin daga Duniya, ya ci gaba da haɗin gwiwa bayan sa'o'i 20. Wannan ya faru a farkon haduwa 22 da aka shirya.

Saturn a cikin Al'adu daban-daban

• Game da addini a Indiya: Suna da taurari 9, masu suna Navagrahas. Saturn ana kiransa "Sani ko Shani", shi ne alƙali a gaban kowane tsarin duniya, shi ne ke da alhakin ƙayyade kowane ɗayan bisa ga abin da aka yi, mai kyau ko mara kyau.
• A cikin al'adun Sinanci da Japan: Sun sanya sunan Saturn a matsayin tauraron duniya, wanda ke wakiltar gabas na gargajiya, wanda ke amfani da abubuwa biyar don rarraba abubuwan halitta.
• a cikin al'adun Ibrananci: Ana kiran Saturn Shabbathai. Samun Cassiel a matsayin Angel. Tare da hankali, ko ruhi mai fa'ida, sune Agiel (layga), kuma ruhinsu (mafi duhun fuska) shine Zazel (Izaz).
• A cikin Al'adun Turkiyya da Malay: Sunan da ake amfani da shi shine Zuhal, an samo shi daga larabci زحل.
• A cikin al'adun Girka: An san shi da sunan Φαίνων.