Kalmar Kremlin akai-akai yana bayyana a cikin labarai; lamarin ya kara zama ruwan dare tun bayan da Rasha ta fara yaki da Ukraine. Yawancin lokaci, mutane suna danganta kalmar da wurin zama na gwamnatin Rasha. Tunanin cewa yayi kama da Moncloa a Spain da Fadar White House a Amurka.
Duk da haka, a nan za mu gaya muku abin da kremlin ne, mafi alamar alama kuma wurin wakilci na birnin Moscow.
Menene Kremlin?
Kalmar Kremlin ta samo asali ne daga birni mai garu wanda ya bayyana. Moscow Kremlin yana da Kadada 27 na ƙasar kewaye 2500 mita na ganuwar hade da 20 hasumiyoyi masu tsayin mita 80. Kremlin na wakilta da jajayen bangonta da jajayen yanayi masu siffar tauraro a saman hasumiyarsa.
Akwai kusan 20 kremlins sun bazu ko'ina cikin Rasha. Duk da haka, Moscow Kremlin ne ya fi shahara a duk. Tari ne na manyan majami'u, fadoji da sauran gine-gine da aka gina a zamanin Tsarist. A cikin 1990, an jera shi azaman Gidan Tarihi na Duniya na UNESCO. wanda ke Moscow, ana daukarsa a matsayin wurin aiki na shugaban kasa, duk da ba gidan sa bane.
Asalin Kremlin
Fadar Kremlin ta Moscow ya samo asali daga kagara na katako Yarima Yury Dolgoruky ya ba da umarnin a karni na XNUMX. Mongols sun lalata ginin a karni na XNUMX, kuma Tatar sun lalata shi a cikin wani karni. Ko da yake ba halaka ba ta kasance mai sauƙi ba, duka biyu an cimma su a ƙarshe.
Yarima Dmitri Donskoi ya ba da umarnin farar kagara mai hasumiya tara kuma an gina shi a ƙarshen XNUMXth da farkon ƙarni na XNUMX. Yana daga cikin sabon Kremlin wanda tuni An gina shi a matsayin gida ga yarima da gidan sarauta na Moscow. Bugu da kari, an riga an gina wasu sassan sabon Kremlin a wannan lokacin.
Ivan III ya yi mulki a lokacin karni na XV-XVI. A lokacin mulkinsa an fara ɗaukakar Kremlin; ci gaba da girma a lokacin da wadannan 200 shekaru. kamar labarai Palacio de Granovitaja, Torre del Salvador da bango sun fito waje. A lokacin mulkin Ivan, an gina gine-gine masu mahimmanci a cikin Kremlin: Cathedral na Annunciation, Cathedral Assumption da Cocin Mai Ceto. Bugu da kari, Ivan ya ba da umarnin gina wasu manyan cathedral guda biyu: Cathedral na Shugaban Mala'iku Michael da kuma wanda aka keɓe ga Triniti Mai Tsarki. A ƙarshe, magajin Ivan ya ci gaba da gina ginin Grand Kremlin Palace.
Juyin Juyin Oktoba na 1917 ya kasance babban juyi ga Kremlin na Moscow. Wannan taron ya sa aka maye gurbin sufi na Demetrius da hawan hawan hawan da gine-ginen gwamnati. Har ila yau, wurin ya kasance mai tsauri sosai tare da rufe kusan dukkanin gine-ginen jama'a ga baƙi.
Gwamnatin Rasha ta yanke shawarar maido da rusassun gine-gine da gina Fadar Majalisa, cibiyar rayuwarsa ta siyasa, a 1940 y 1960.
Me zan ziyarta?
Tafiya zuwa Moscow ba tare da ganin Kremlin ba ana ganin bai cika ba ta yawancin baƙi. Wannan saboda shi ne daya daga cikin muhimman abubuwan jan hankali a cikin birnin, da kuma daga ko'ina cikin Rasha. Kremlin na Moscow ya ƙunshi gine-ginen tarihi, majami'u da gidajen tarihi. A matsayin abin sha'awa, ana rarraba manyan cathedrals a kusa da babban filin wasa guda ɗaya, wannan shine zuciyar Kremlin. Na gaba, za mu bayyana kadan game da kowane ɗayan waɗannan wuraren.
Kremlin Armory Museum
Kremlin Armory yana daya daga cikin mafi kyawun gidajen tarihi a duniya. Ya ƙunshi ɗimbin tarin abubuwa na musamman, waɗanda suka haɗa da ƙwai Fabergé, tufafi, makamai, sulke, da kayan ado.
Bell Tower na Ivan Mai Girma
Hasumiyar kararrawa na Ivan Mai Girma ya kasance gini mafi tsayi a Moscow fiye da shekaru 400. Yana hawan mita 80, kusan ƙafa 262, sama da Dandalin Cathedral, wanda kuma shine wurin babban cocin Kremlin. Hasumiyar Bell ta Ivan tana ƙunshe da gidan kayan gargajiya wanda daga ciki zaku iya ganin duk Moscow daga mahangar idon tsuntsu.
Cathedral na Dormition
Cathedral na Dormition kuma ana kiranta da Cathedral na Zato; babban coci ne na dutse mai domes na zinare da hotuna masu launi a ciki. An gina cocin ne da farin dutse, kuma cikinsa an lulluɓe shi da bangon bango da kubbai biyar na zinariya. A matsayin abin sha'awa, wannan babban coci shine inda duk Tsars ke rawani.
Annunciation Cathedral
An gina wannan babban coci tsakanin karni na XNUMX zuwa XNUMX. Zanensa da ƙawansa sun canza don nuna ɗanɗanon kowane tsar na gaba. Har ila yau, tana da kubbai na zinare, wadanda asalinsu gida uku ne, kuma a yau yana da tara zinariya domes.
Shugaban Mala'iku Michael Cathedral
gina tsakanin 1505 y 1508 don ɗaukar wurin wani tsohon haikalin, Cathedral na Shugaban Mala'iku yana da ƙaƙƙarfan adon da aka yi da kyawawan frescoes daga ƙarni na XNUMX da XNUMX, da kuma gumaka masu ban mamaki da kyawawan fitilu.
Hakanan, zaku iya samun wasu wurare kamar: fadar Grand Kremlin, Fadar Kremlin ta Jiha da Gidan Shugaban kasa. Na ƙarshe ba yawanci shine babban abin da masu yawon bude ido ke mayar da hankali ba.
Kodayake Red Square da St. Basil's Cathedral ba iri ɗaya ba ne da Kremlin, mutane da yawa suna ruɗa shi. Duk da haka, su ne kaucewa daban-daban, kuma shi ne duk da haka wani bangare na Moscow da za ka iya ziyarta. Ina fatan wannan bayanin ya taimaka.