Jarumi a cikin takalmin shudiyya alama ce ta akida, mai iya ruguza yanayin zamantakewa da tattalin arziki na al'ummar Madrid na karni na XNUMX. Ci gaba da karantawa kuma za ku gano duk cikakkun bayanai game da mafi mahimmancin aikin marubuciya ɗan Spain Rosalía de Castro.
Wani bakon labari daga Rosalía de Castro.
Jarumi a cikin takalmin shudiyya
Littafin Jarumi a cikin takalmin shudiyya na marubuciya ɗan ƙasar Sipaniya Rosalía de Castro ce. Ainihin, labari ne mai cike da fantasy wanda marubucin ta hanyarsa ya zana dukkan hankalin jama'a da ke nuna ta.
Game da marubucin
An haifi María Rosalía Rita de Castro a Santiago de Compostela, Spain, a shekara ta 1837. Ita ce shege ga ’yar wani firist kuma mace mai daraja.
A cikin rayuwarta, marubucin Mutanen Espanya da Galician sun fuskanci matsalolin lafiya masu tsanani. Duk da haka, waɗannan ba su hana shi buga littafinsa na farko yana ɗan shekara 20 ba.
Game da wannan, zamu iya cewa aikinta na farko, wanda ta kira La flor, ya nuna farkon sabuwar rayuwa ga Rosalía de Castro. To, bayan shekara guda da buga shi, ta auri Manuel Martínez Murguía na wallafe-wallafen.
Ta haka ne mijin nata ke raka ta tsawon rayuwarta. Shi ne goyon bayanta don ta ci gaba da rubuta ba kawai irin wannan nau'in ba da labari ba, har ma da waƙa.
Koyaya, kaddara tana son cututtukan da suka addabi Rosalía de Castro su kawo karshen rayuwarta tana da shekaru 48. Don haka, marubucin ya mutu a Padron saboda ciwon daji na mahaifa.
A ƙarshe, ana ɗaukar Rosalía de Castro a yau a matsayin matsakaicin wakilcin sake farfado da waƙa na harshen Galician. Hakazalika romanticism na Mutanen Espanya da wakokin Mutanen Espanya na zamani.
Salon labari
Salon labari na Rosalía de Castro ya ƙunshi duka ɓatanci da hyper-Galleguisms da Castilianisms. Hakazalika, yin amfani da bambance-bambancen lexical da morphological ya zama ruwan dare, wanda galibi ana iya la'akari da kurakuran rubutu.
Ya zama dole a fayyace cewa aikin wannan marubuci na musamman ba koyaushe yana samun karbuwar da ya dace ba. To, a lokacinta, Rosalía de Castro an ware kuma an raina ta.
Wannan ya samo asali ne saboda gaskiyar cewa harshen Galician wani ɓangare ne na al'adar Spain ta ɓace. A gefe guda kuma, dawo da shi yana ɗaukar ƙoƙari mafi girma, baya ga asarar martabar zamantakewa ga matar da ta gwada hakan.
Duk da haka, ana tunawa da ita game da salonta na mata da kuma karfinta na zamantakewa. Bugu da ƙari, ya akai suka na dabi'u da kuma salon rayuwa na aristocracy da kuma babba tsakiyar aji na Spain.
Idan kuna son ƙarin sani game da tarihin wannan marubuci mai ban mamaki, ina gayyatar ku ku kalli bidiyon mai zuwa.
Game da Knight a Blue Boots
Jarumi a cikin takalmin shudiyya An buga shi a cikin Mutanen Espanya a cikin 1867. Rosalía de Castro an dauke shi mafi kyawun aikin larabci.
Labarin wannan labari yana cikin birnin Madrid a tsakiyar karni na sha tara. Ta yi magana ta musamman game da al'ummar aristocratic na lokacin.
Ta wannan hanyar, Jarumi a cikin takalmin shudiyya ya ƙunshi bakon labari wanda ya ƙunshi labarun waƙoƙi daban-daban - ban mamaki. Ta hanyar da Rosalía de Castro ke haɗa haƙiƙanin satire na kwastan tare da tunani kyauta.
Hakazalika, marubucin ya tabo batutuwa masu mahimmanci irin su munafunci, banza, soyayya, jahilcin al'ummar Madrid da kuma, ta musamman, ya jaddada maganar banza na jerin wallafe-wallafen lokacin.
Dangane da haka, yana da kyau a ambaci hakan Jarumi a cikin takalmin shudiyya Yana kunshe da gabatarwa, mai suna Mutum da gidan tarihi, da babi 24. Bugu da kari, aikin yana nuna salon ban dariya da baci da Rosalía de Castro takan dauka a cikin halayenta.
A ƙarshe, Jarumi a cikin takalmin shudiyya ya haɗu da salon adabi biyu: littafin fantasy da ƙirar Cervantes. Don ƙarin fahimtar waɗannan ra'ayoyin, za mu ƙayyade masu zuwa:
gabatarwar
Gabatarwa na Jarumi a cikin takalmin shudiyya ya ƙunshi rubutun adabin tattaunawa, azaman fage mai ban mamaki, ba tare da la'akari da lokaci ko sarari ba. Ta hanyar wannan tattaunawa ta falsafa da ke faruwa tsakanin Duke na daukaka da mawaƙa, ana iya fahimtar abubuwan zamantakewa da na adabi waɗanda za a yi magana a cikin surori masu zuwa.
A gefe guda kuma, yana da mahimmanci a lura cewa wasu ƙwararrun adabi suna da'awar hakan Jarumi a cikin takalmin shudiyya ana iya ɗauka a matsayin littafai guda biyu na sama. Ta wannan hanyar, gabatarwar ta yi daidai da littafi na biyu, wanda ya haɗa iyakokin da ke tsakanin gaskiya da na almara, kuma ya nuna a hanya mai ban mamaki abin da ke gaba.
duk 24 babi
Surorin da suka biyo bayan gabatarwar Jarumi a cikin takalmin shudiyya fage ne wargaje, wanda wasu ke kira novel na farko. A cikin ci gabanta, marubucin ya ba da labarin Duke na daukaka, wanda ya ba da cikakken bayani game da al'adun jama'ar Madrid, musamman ma wadanda suka shafi salon rayuwar masu mulki da bourgeoisie na lokacin.
Kamar yadda Rosalía de Castro ta yi ba'a ga waɗannan salon rayuwa ta hanyar babban halayen aikinta, ta ɗaukaka ma'anar gaskiya da tawali'u na mutane masu sauƙi. Ƙari ga haka, tana yaƙi da abin da ta ɗauka a matsayin miyagu wallafe-wallafen da ke lalata al’umma.
A ƙarshe, a wani lokaci a cikin littafin farko, an sanar da bayyanar Littafin Littattafai, babban abin da ya ƙunshi dukan ayyukan da ke cikin duniya. Koyaya, bai bayyana ba har sai babi na ƙarshe, yana ƙara ba'a ɗaya daga cikin jigogin jigon labarin, kamar jerin wallafe-wallafen Spain.
Synopsis
Jarumi a cikin takalmin shudiyya ya ba da labarin wani kyakkyawan hali wanda ya kira kansa Duke of Glory, wanda ya bayyana a cikin jama'ar aristocratic na Spain na tsakiyar karni na sha tara.
Duke of Glory yana da kamanni na musamman wanda aka yi da takalmi shuɗi masu ban sha'awa, farar baka mai ɗaukar ido da kuma sanda mai kambin maciji. Bugu da kari, kyakykyawan dabi'unsa da kyawun yanayinsa na musamman sun sa a karbe shi da kyau a duk fadoji da tarukan jama'a na birnin Madrid.
Dangane da haka, ya kamata a lura da cewa, manufar wannan bakon hali ita ce a ji daɗin saninsa da kuma shahara bayan mutuwarsa, wanda a kan haka ya roƙi maƙiyi da ya ba shi wahayi. Ba ta yarda da buƙatarsa gaba ɗaya ba, duk da haka, ta ba shi ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun mata waɗanda za su iya jan hankalin al'ummar Madrid.
Ta wannan hanyar, da zarar Duke of Glory ya kammala aikinsa na yin Allah wadai da fallasa wa jama'a izgili da al'adun al'umma da kuma mummunan yanayin adabin Madrid, sai ya bace kamar yadda ya zo. Bayan ya tafi, ya karya duk makircin bourgeois na Madrid kuma ya zama alamar wallafe-wallafen, ana tunawa da shi har abada a matsayin mahaukaci mai basira.
Bita
Jarumi a cikin takalmin shudiyya Wani sabon aiki ne, wanda Rosalía de Castro ta bayyana munafuncin zamantakewa da kuma raina ta ga jerin wallafe-wallafen da aka yi a birnin Madrid a tsakiyar karni na sha tara. A dunkule, Jarumi a cikin takalmin shudiyya Littafi ne wanda ba a saba gani ba kuma na asali, wanda zai iya wuce iyakar gaskiyar da ta fara yin tsari a Spain a kusan shekara ta 1850.
Personajes
Kamar yadda yake a cikin litattafai, don fahimtar saƙon da marubucin yake son isarwa, ya zama dole a ba da kulawa ta musamman ga daidaikun labarun manyan jarumai. game da kuma game da Jarumi a cikin takalmin shudiyya, zamu iya ambaci wadannan:
duke na daukaka
Mawaki ne da ya shagaltu da shahara da karramawa, wanda ke zuwa wurin mawaka don kwarjini. Duk da haka, don amsa buƙatarsa, irin wannan jarumi mai ban sha'awa yana karɓar aiki mai ban sha'awa, da kuma wani nau'i na musamman na jiki wanda ya ƙunshi takalma masu launin shuɗi mai ban sha'awa, farar baka na musamman da sanda mai kararrawa.
Dangane da haka, ya kamata a ambaci cewa haka ne mawallafin Jarumi a cikin takalmin shudiyya samun hazaka. Bugu da ƙari, tun daga wannan lokacin yana da alhakin yin ba'a ga salon rayuwa na aristocratic da bourgeois al'ummar Madrid, da kuma kawo karshen jerin wallafe-wallafen lokacin.
Don ƙarin bayani game da wannan salon adabi mai ban sha'awa, ina gayyatar ku don karanta labarinmu kan littafan kirtani.
A musanya ga kyakkyawan sakamakon sabon aikinsa: don wakiltar mafi girma kuma mafi ban dariya na karni, gidan kayan gargajiya yana ba shi nasara da kuma tafi na shekara-shekara. Wanda nan da nan mawaƙin ya yarda kuma ya zama baƙon Duke na ɗaukaka, mai iya ɗaukar nufin membobin al'ummomin da aka ambata tare da halayensa na ban mamaki da kyan gani.
A ƙarshe, ya kamata a ambaci cewa don kammala aikinsa, Duke of Glory ya tattara duk kwafin da ke da alaƙa da litattafai ta hanyar bayarwa ya binne su a cikin abin da ya kira Rijiyar Kimiyyar Zamani. Bayan haka, ya ɓace daga rayuwar Madrid.
da musika
Mutum ne na kwarai wanda ya amsa bukatar shahararren mawakin mai son, ya ba shi hazaka mai ban sha'awa da kuma almubazzaranci da ban mamaki wanda da shi zai iya jan hankalin kowane mai sauraro. Mawaƙin ya bayyana a cikin wani sabon abu kuma ya yi masa alkawarin cewa zai yi nasara idan ya yi wasan kwaikwayo mafi ban dariya da kuma guda ɗaya na dukan karni, wanda mawaƙin ya yarda kuma nan da nan ya zama Duke na daukaka.
A dunkule, maziyarci tana wakiltar gabacin waqoqin waqoqi kuma ta qunshi bayanin duk abubuwan da suka faru a cikin su. Jarumi a cikin takalmin shudiyya. Bugu da kari, ta fickle, grotesque, m da kuma musamman a cikin style.
Ubangijin Albuerniga
Shi masanin falsafa sybaritic ne, dan kotu mai ritaya kuma mai son zaman banza. Ubangijin Albuérniga ba shi da aure ta wurin shawararsa, ya rabu da dukan mutanen da ke kewaye da shi kuma, fiye da duka, shi mai son alheri ne da zaman lafiya gaba ɗaya.
Sunan mahaifi Vinca-Rúa
Ita ce mai cancantar wakilci na salon rayuwar aristocratic, cike da abubuwan jin daɗi, nishaɗi, salon rayuwa, tsegumi, ɓata lokaci, halartar gidajen wasan kwaikwayo, da sauransu. Duke of Glory ya fuskanci Uwargidan Vinca-Rúa saboda juriyarta ga aiki, kamar yadda ya bayyana cewa saboda dalilai, gami da ɗabi'a da addini, bai kamata ya zama baƙon mutum ba, ba tare da la'akari da yanayin zamantakewar da suke ciki ba.
yar tsana
Wata matashiya ce mai karancin kudin shiga da ta haukace da soyayyar Duke, har ta kai tsawon kwanakinta tana nemansa a cikin kaburbura a makabartar da ta same shi.
Mariquita, kafin sha'awar kwatsam, ta ƙi ci gaba da dangantakar da al'umma ta sanya mata. Koyaya, Duke of Glory ya shawo kanta ta koma wurin angonta Melchor kuma ta fara dangi.
A daya bangaren kuma, wannan dabi’a mai dadi ita ce hanyar da marubuciya Rosalía de Castro za ta yi ba’a da alkawuran soyayya, wadanda aka fallasa a cikin jerin litattafai na lokacin. Dangane da haka, ta yi la'akari da cewa jerin littattafai sun zama zamba ga al'umma.
Melchor
Shi ne saurayin Mariquita, wanda ta hanyarsa ake kwatanta rikice-rikicen soyayya na lokacin; musamman wadanda suka shafi sanya ma'aurata da al'ummar Spain na karni na sha tara. Gabaɗaya, Melchor saurayi ne mai ƙanƙantaccen bayyanar wanda ya ɗauka tare da farin ciki na gaske da sadaukar da alhakin auren Mariquita.
Pelasgian
Pelasgo shine darektan wata sanannen jarida a Madrid, tare da yanayin jiki mara kyau, amma kyakkyawa; shima yana jin dadin zagi. Lokacin da ya sami labarin zuwan Duke of Glory, niyyarsa ta farko ita ce ya sami ƙwaƙƙwaran, duk da haka, ya karɓi bayanin kula da aka rubuta a cikin haruffan zinariya yana nuna in ba haka ba.
Dorothea
Ita ce mai makarantar da ke kula da koyar da mata masu karamin karfi a Madrid. Doña Dorotea tana da ladabi kuma mai tawali'u, ita ma mai son bayyanar karya ce kuma inuwar Mariquita ce.
Sunan mahaifi Pampa
Tana wakiltar ladabi da ladabi na al'ummar Madrid a tsakiyar karni na XNUMX. Countess Pampa yawanci tana shirya manyan biki inda manyan masu hannu da shuni da 'yan bogi na lokacin ke haduwa.
Casimir
Kyakkyawar budurwa ce hamshakin attajirin da mutane da yawa ke sha'awarta duk da girman kai da rashin kunya. Casimira ta fito ne daga dangin sarakunan Rasha, don haka girman kai da zalunci.
Marcelina
Mace ce mai daraja kuma mai saukin kai wacce yawanci ke tare da Casimira, tana yin bambanci sosai tsakanin su biyun. To, Marcelina 'yar Cuban Creole ce mai son ƙasarta da sadaukarwa kuma ba ta gajiya da magana game da fa'idodinta.
ambrose
Shi mawaƙi ne na lokacin, wanda Countess Pampa ya zarge shi da haɓaka nau'in wallafe-wallafen da ba shi da ɗanɗano mai kyau, mai ban sha'awa da ban haushi. Duk da haka, baya lura kuma ya kasance mai gaskiya ga salon sa.
A general sharuddan, ci gaba da ambaton kowane daga cikin haruffa da hannu a cikin mãkirci na Jarumi a cikin takalmin shudiyya kokari ne mara amfani. To, manufar dukkansu ita ce su taka rawa daidai da kowanne daga cikin abubuwan da muka ambata a baya.
Sukar zamantakewa a cikin The Knight a Blue Boots
Rosalía de Castro ta sami nasarar kamawa a cikin aikinta Jarumi a cikin takalmin shudiyya duk wani lamuni na zamantakewa da yake da shi, tabo batutuwa kamar: Adalci na ɗabi'a, alfasha, nishaɗi, salon sawa, ilimi, da sauransu. Hakazalika, yana fallasa salon rayuwar ƴan mata da ƴan matan bogeois, da kuma ƙazamin salon soyayya da na al'ada na ayyukan adabi na lokacin.
A gefe guda, ta hanyar Duke of Glory, marubucin Jarumi a cikin takalmin shudiyya yana yin Allah wadai da rashin daidaito da zalunci na zamantakewa da ke tasowa daga rarrabuwar al'umma zuwa azuzuwan aiki da nishaɗi. Hakazalika, ta yi suka ga irin fifikon da wasu daga manya da matsakaitan mutane ke da shi, don kawai suna cikin sauran sassan al’umma.
Bugu da ƙari, bakon labarin Rosalía de Castro ya fallasa rashin kunya da wauta na matasa masu kishin ƙasa da ƙwazo na al'ummar Madrid na lokacin, a matsayin misali na son zuciya da ke cikinta. Wanda ke kai mata da matasan al’umma su kwaikwayi salon rayuwar da ba nasu ba, wanda su ma ba su da karfin saye da ya dace.