Addinin Buddha tare da Shintoism sune addinan da suka fi muhimmanci a kasar Japan, kuma daya daga cikin hanyoyin girmama wadannan addinan ita ce ta gina wadannan guraben da ke hade da shimfidar wurare a fadin kasar Japan. Ta wannan labarin, muna gayyatar ku don ƙarin koyo game da Jafananci temples.
Jafananci temples
Haikalin Jafananci suna warwatse a cikin wurare masu yawa da ban mamaki, waɗannan tsoffin gidajen ibada na Japan an bambanta su ta hanyar ƙirar gabas ta musamman da aka kafa ta ra'ayi maras tabbas, kuma wani lokacin yana da wahalar bambancewa saboda turmi na addini tsakanin manyan imani guda 2, amma dangane da wanda ake girmamawa suna gudanar da su. rarraba a matsayin mabiya addinin Buddah ko Shinto kuma, a ɗan ƙarami, 'yan Confucian.
Kuma idan, ga Jafanawa wannan bai zama yana da irin wannan mahimmanci ba, waɗannan wuraren, maimakon yin amfani da su don yin addu'a da tattaunawa da kamis, suna kafa wuraren tarurruka don kusantar al'umma. Bayan haka, waɗannan su ne mafi shaharar da ziyartan haikalin Japan a cikin wannan ƙasar Jafan:
Buddhist Temples
A cikin Japan, akwai ɗari da ɗan ƙaramin haikalin Buddha na Jafananci, wannan haka ne, cewa a kowace yanki na wannan ƙasar Japan akwai aƙalla ɗaya daga cikin waɗannan. Waɗannan filaye suna kafa rarraba su ta hanyar shinge masu kusurwa huɗu waɗanda ƙofofin da ke rufe ƙofar ƙasa mai tsarki waɗanda wasu sifofi biyu masu tsaro ke kiyaye su da ake kira Niô ko Kongōrikishi.
Har ila yau, suna da babban falo wanda shine cibiyar baje kolin babban hoton Buddha; Bugu da kari, dakin taron kodo ko taron, wanda galibi ake amfani da shi wajen gudanar da tarurrukan yarjejeniya, sannan a karshe pagoda mai mataki biyar inda ake ajiye kayan alfarma, don cikar ra'ayi, wannan hadadden yana kewaye da lambuna irin na Zen. Wasu daga cikin haikalin al'adun Japan waɗanda ke misalta tsarin addinin Buddha sune:
Enryaku-ji
Ɗaya daga cikin haikalin Jafananci ya kafa Saicho, wanda ya riga ya kafa addinin Buddah na Tendai a zamanin Heian kuma shine mafi girman haikalin koyarwar Buddha. Da yake kan Dutsen Hiei mai tsayin mita 848, kuma a kan iyakar Shiga da lardunan Kyoto, an raba haikalin zuwa manyan wurare uku: To-do, Sai-to, da Yokawa, waɗanda aka fi sani da Hieizan Enryaku-ji.
A cikin wannan dutse mai tsarki, manyan sufaye a tarihi irin su Honen, Shinran, Eisai, Dokyo da Nichiren sun yi nazari tare da aiwatar da wannan koyarwar; Bugu da ƙari, haikalin ya kare babban birnin kasar da kuma al'ummar daga arewa maso yammacin inda ake samun mugayen ruhohi. Don ƙarawa, Unesco ta ayyana wannan shinge a matsayin Gidan Tarihi na Duniya a cikin 1994.
Kiyomizu-dera
Yana daya daga cikin shahararrun gidajen ibada a Japan, an kafa wannan a cikin shekara ta 780 a daidai wannan wurin na ruwan Otowa zuwa gabashin Kyoto. Haikalin ya samo asali ne daga darikar Hosso na addinin Buddah, daya daga cikin tsofaffin darikun addinin Buddah na kasar Japan. Wannan a cikin shekarar 1994, UNESCO ta ayyana shi a matsayin Gidan Tarihi na Duniya.
Ɗaya daga cikin shahararrun abubuwan jan hankali na wannan shingen shine babban baranda na katako daga inda za ku iya ganin shimfidar wuri mai cike da kyawawan bishiyoyin ceri da kuma birnin Kyoto; An haramta wannan wurin shiga cikin jama'a, kawai za ku iya shiga baranda mai suna a sama, inda akwai ƙananan kantuna inda za ku iya siyan layukan ko wani abin tunawa; Bugu da kari, a wannan waje za ka iya sha'awar wani ɗan ƙaramin Kanon mai fuska goma sha ɗaya da hannu ɗari.
Bayan haikalin akwai wurin ibadar Jishu, wanda ake miƙa wa allahn da ke kula da ƙauna; A can za a tarar da wasu duwatsu guda biyu da aka ajiye su a tsakaninsu da nisan mita 18, wadanda a cewar su, idan mutum ya yi nasarar wucewa daga wannan zuwa wancan da idanunsa a rufe, za su sami soyayya.
Ruwan ruwan Otowa yana ƙarƙashin haikalin, yawanci ana samun kwararar baƙi kuma suna yin layi don sha daga waɗannan ruwan, dangane da tushen da kuke sha, abu ɗaya ko wani zai dace. Idan ka bi hanyar, tsakanin wannan shinge da magudanar ruwa, za ka sami wani pagoda mai hawa uku mai suna Pagoda Koyasu kuma ance tana ba da kariya da saukin haihuwa ga duk macen da take da ciki.
Kotoku-in
Wannan shingen yana cikin Kamakura a lardin Kanagawa, kuma ya shahara sosai saboda katon siffar tagulla na Buddha; Girmansa sun haɗa da tsayin mita 11,35 tare da nauyin tan 121. A halin yanzu wakilcin Buddha yana waje, duk da haka, a lokutan baya yana cikin wani ɗaki na musamman wanda aka gina don gina shi; wannan tsarin ba ya nan, amma ana iya ganin ragowar ginshiƙan 56. Girgizar kasa da gobara sun lalata ginin harabar a karni na XNUMX.
An fara aikin ginin mutum-mutumin ne a shekara ta 1252, kuma har yanzu ba a san ko waye ya yi shi ba, asalin mutum-mutumin da aka yi a shekarar 1238 an yi shi ne da itace amma guguwa ta lalata shi, don haka aka yanke shawarar yin daya da tagulla.
Kinkaku-ji
Wannan haikalin Zen ne a arewacin Kyoto, wanda aka bambanta da gaskiyar cewa biyu daga cikin sararin samaniya suna layi da zinariya. A baya an bambanta shi da Rokuonji kuma shi ne ja da baya na Shogun Ashikaga Yoshimitsu, burinsa na ƙarshe shi ne ya mayar da shi wurin zama na Zen bayan mutuwarsa, kuma an yi hakan a shekara ta 1408. Jikansa, Ashikaga Yoshimasa, ya sami wahayi daga gare shi. don gina haikalin Ginkakuji ko rumfar azurfa a daya gefen birnin bayan 'yan shekarun da suka gabata.
An gina wannan haikalin daidai gaban babban tafki, kuma shi ne aikin tara na ƙarshe da Ashikaga Yoshimitsu ya gina. An kona shi kuma an rushe shi a lokuta da yawa, abin da ya fi kusa ya faru a cikin 1950 ta wani maɗaukakin sarki kuma ginin na yanzu shine maidowa daga 1955.
Kowane yanki ya ƙunshi tsarin gine-gine daban-daban, amma waɗannan wuraren ba za a iya ziyarta ba: An yi sararin farko na haikalin a cikin ƙirar Shinden, ana amfani da shi a cikin fadoji a zamanin Heian; wannan an yi shi ne da bangon filasta da katako na katako, tare da mutum-mutumin Buddha da Ashikaga Yoshimitsu.
An gina sarari na biyu a cikin ƙirar Bukke, wanda aka fi amfani da shi a gidajen samurai, kuma na wajen sa an yi zinare gaba ɗaya. A ciki akwai wani mutum-mutumi na Bodhisattva Kannon, kewaye da wasu mutum-mutumi guda huɗu da ke wakiltar sarakunan sama huɗu: Bishamon, Zōchōten, Jikokuten, da Kōmokuten.
Wuri na uku kuma na ƙarshe na haikalin, an gina shi ne a cikin ƙirar gine-gine na ɗakunan tunani na Zen na kasar Sin kuma an lulluɓe shi da platin zinariya.
Yana da mahimmanci a lura cewa akwai temples na Buddha marasa adadi waɗanda ke wanzu a kowane lungu na Japan; Sauran temples na addinin Buddah da za mu iya ambata su ne:
- Nara su Tadai-ji
- Horyuji
- Shitenno-ji
- Sanjusangen-do
- Ryoanji
- Senso-hee
Jafananci Shinto Shrines
A wasu lokuta ana kiran wuraren bautar Shinto jinja ko yashiro, wanda, ba kamar mabiya addinin Buddah ba, ba su da halayen ɗakin sujada; duk da haka, an bambanta su da baka ko torii na gargajiya, wanda yawanci yakan bayyana a duk mashigai na waɗannan, ban da ɗakin kyauta da ema ko faranti na katako inda za a iya rubuta alkawuran, wanda kawai manufarsa ita ce albarka da sadaukarwa. a kami Daga cikin ire-iren wuraren ibada na Japan, muna da:
itsukushima
Tana kan tsibirin Itsukushima kusa da garin Hatsukaichi, lardin Hiroshima. An kafa ta a saman ruwa kuma an yi rajista a matsayin Cibiyar Tarihin Duniya ta UNESCO a 1996; baya ga kiyaye shi ta tsauraran dokokin kiyaye gado.
Wuri Mai Tsarki da ke ƙarƙashin kulawar gwamnatin Japan, shi ne babban abin jan hankali na Miyajima, yana da wani shinge tare da wani rami daga inda za ku ga ƙofar torii da aka gina a cikin teku; Ana iya taɓa wannan baka na torii lokacin da ruwan ya yi ƙasa.
Fushimi inari
Yana ɗaya daga cikin wurare mafi mahimmanci a Japan kuma ya shahara saboda ƙofofin torii da yawa da aka sanya ɗaya bayan ɗaya kuma an kafa shi a shekara ta 794 AD Ana miƙa shi ga kami Inari, allahn shinkafa. Wannan abin bautawa galibi ana saninsa da ’ya’yan dawa ne manzanninsa, shi ya sa za ka ga mutum-mutumin su da yawa a kan hanya. Zane na waɗannan ƙofofin yana bayan babban shingen da ke cikin dajin Dutsen Inari mai alfarma, wanda tsayinsa ya kai mita 233 kuma yana cikin rukunin alfarma guda.
mai jingu
Ana miƙa shi ga ruhin Emperor Meiji da matarsa Empress Shoken. Tana kusa da tashar Harajuku. Wannan shingen yana kusa da wurin shakatawa na Yoyogi, kuma yanayin yanayinsa ya yi fice sosai ga babban birni da aka gina kewaye da shi.
An gina wannan wurin ibada a shekara ta 1920, shekaru 8 bayan rasuwar Sarkin sarakuna da kuma shekaru 6 bayan rasuwar Masarautar. An lalata ta a lokacin yakin duniya na biyu, amma ba da jimawa ba aka sake gina ta ganin muhimmancinsa.
Emperor Meiji shi ne sarki na farko na zamanin Japan, haihuwarsa a shekara ta 1852 kuma ya kai karaga a shekara ta 1867 lokacin yana dan shekara 15 kacal, a cikin muhimmin mataki na Sabunta Meiji. Lokacin da Japan feudal ya ƙare kuma ya fara zama na zamani da yammacin duniya don yin hulɗa tare da manyan ƙasashe masu tasowa, Sarkin sarakuna ya mutu a 1912.
Yana daya daga cikin wuraren da aka fi sani da Japan, a cikin kwanakin farko na shekara a lokacin Hatsumode, yana karɓar ziyara fiye da miliyan 3, fiye da kowane wuri a wannan yanki.
Nikko Tosho-gu
An gina wannan a tsakanin 1634 zuwa 1636 a farkon zamanin Edo, don Tokugawa Ieyasu bayan mutuwarsa. Jikansa Iemitsu ya gama gina abin tunawa don ruhin kakansa ya huta. Tsawon shekaru 2, sama da masu sana'a da kafintoci dubu 15 daga ko'ina cikin ƙasar sun yi aikin gina wani abin tunawa da zai ƙunshi tokar shogun Tokugawa Ieyasu. Zane na wannan yana wakiltar salon Gongen-zukuri, wanda ke da halayen wuraren ibada na Japan.
An sanya wurin a matsayin wurin ibada a lokacin Meiji; A cikin sararin farko, Gojunoto Pagoda yana samuwa, tare da benaye biyar, inda kowannensu ke wakiltar abubuwa 4:
- Tierra
- Ruwa
- Fuego
- Air
Waɗannan suna cikin tsarin hawan. A gaba akwai ƙofar Niomon, mai iyaka da sifofi biyu na Niō; na farko, tare da raba baki don bayyana "a", hali na farko na Sanskrit; kuma na biyun yana rufe bakinsa, yana gama rubuta harafi ɗaya na ƙarshe.
Bayan Ƙofar Niomon akwai fili na biyu a buɗe, inda wurin shakatawa na alfarma yake, a gabanta, akwai sanannen sassaƙan itace na birai uku masu hikima. Na tsawon sa'o'i da yawa a rana, ana amfani da barga don kare dokin da gwamnatin New Zealand ta ba Nikko. A cikin wannan yanki kuma akwai ɗakin karatu na sutra, kuma farfajiyar tana kewaye da ɗakunan ajiya da kuma maɓuɓɓugar ruwa mai tsarki da aka gina a shekara ta 1618, ana amfani da su don ayyukan tsarkakewa.
Daga can, akwai matakai guda biyu da ke kan hanyar zuwa Ƙofar Yomeimon, wanda ke kaiwa zuwa sararin samaniya na ƙarshe da kuma wuraren da aka ba da shogun. Yomeimon tabbas shine mafi kyawun kayan ado a cikin duka hadaddun; daya daga cikin pilasters na katako an kifar da shi da gangan, don wakiltar shi ba daidai ba.
Kafin ku isa ƙofar Yomeimon, kuna wucewa tsakanin ganguna da hasumiya na kararrawa, waɗanda ke ɗauke da kayan aikin da ke wakiltar farkon da mutuwa. Samun shiga wuraren shōgun yana ta ƙofar Karamon, mafi ƙanƙanta na abubuwan tarihi. Kabarin Tokugawa Ieyasu baya cikin wuraren da aka rufe, amma a cikin hasumiya da ke kusa, ana kiransa Hoto.
Idan kun sami wannan labarin akan Temples na Japan yana da ban sha'awa, muna gayyatar ku don jin daɗin waɗannan wasu: