A cikin wannan labarin za ku sami bayani game da itacen Sequoia, wanda, saboda girmansa mai ban sha'awa, yana ƙawata wuraren shakatawa da aka fi sani da sauran wuraren da aka samo shi, ban da haka, an bambanta shi da dubban shekaru. Idan kuna son ƙarin sani game da girmamawa, muna gayyatar ku don ci gaba da karantawa.
Itacen Sequoia
Idan muka yi magana game da dogayen bishiyoyi da manya, dole ne mu ambaci bishiyar sequoia ko sequoia sempervirens, tunda jinsin ne suka fi ƙawata flora na duniya. Duk da kasancewarsu galibi a Amurka, ana kuma sha'awar su a Spain, Austria, Faransa, Ingila, New Zealand, Burtaniya, Italiya da Portugal, da sauran ƙasashe. Ana siffanta su da jinkirin girma, kuma suna cikin ciyayi na wuraren tsaunuka da ƙasa mai ɗanɗano, musamman wuraren shakatawa na ƙasa da abubuwan tarihi.
Sequoias yana girma a cikin kumbura, wanda masana ke ganin yana ba da kariya daga sauyin yanayi, musamman daga iska mai sanyi da dusar ƙanƙara. Suna da tsari na girma na musamman tunda kututtuka da yawa suna girma kusa da juna daga tushe ɗaya. Wannan tsari ne na kiyaye kai, ta yadda idan daya daga cikin mai tushe ya lalace, sauran suna ci gaba da girma da kuma samar da ruwan 'ya'yan itace ga gangar jikin da ke bukata. Babban gandun daji na wannan nau'in shuka ana samun su a Oregon da California.
Ana samun tsaba a cikin cones ko abarba, wasu suna girma tsakanin shekaru 1 zuwa 2, amma wasu suna ɗaukar shekaru 20, samar da su kusan iri 40 ne akan matsakaici, launin ruwan rawaya, wasu faɗuwa lokacin zafi a ƙarshen rani, ko saboda gobara ko lalacewar kwari. Game da yadda waɗannan bishiyoyi ke haifuwa, jima'i ne da jima'i. Ko da yake suna samar da adadi mai yawa na iri, kawai 15% suna gudanar da furanni da kuma haifar da sabon harbi.
Hakanan za su iya haifuwa ta hanyar yankan, wato, daga harbe-harbe, daga abin da za a iya haifar da tsire-tsire iri ɗaya. Yana da kyau a lura cewa irin wannan nau'in bishiyoyi masu girma da kuma tsayin daka sun kai shekarun jima'i tsakanin shekaru 15 zuwa 20. Ana iya samun waɗannan bishiyoyi a yankuna da yanayi mai ɗanɗano, inda busassun lokacin rani da damina tare da dusar ƙanƙara suka mamaye; Yawancin manyan dazuzzukan na sequoia ana samun su ne a kan ƙasa mai girma, saura da ƙasa, a tsayin kilomita 1,4 zuwa 2 sama da matakin teku.
Nau'in Redwoods
A cikin ire-iren wadannan bishiyoyi, ana iya ambaton giant sequoia bisa ka'ida, ko kuma kamar yadda a kimiyance ake kiransa Sequoiadendrum giganteum, conifer ne na dindindin wanda ake danganta sunaye daban-daban kamar velintonia, sierra sequoia ko babban bishiyar asali. yammacin Saliyo Nevada, California wanda zai iya kaiwa mita 105 a tsayi, matsakaicin a wasu lokuta 50 ko 85 tsayi a tsawon rayuwarsa na shekaru 3200.
Sai kuma California redwood, wanda ake kira redwood ko sequoia sempervirens, wata katuwar bishiya ce mai ganyaye na har abada wanda yawanci tsayinsa ya kai milimita 25 kuma suna da duhu kore. Suna da tsayi mai faɗin kusan mita 8, tare da kamannin waje mai ja da fibrous, wanda ke ƙara ƙarfin launinsa a tsawon lokaci, wanda aka kiyasta ya kai shekaru 3000. An samo shi da farko a bakin tekun Pacific na Arewacin Amurka. Ya kamata a lura cewa mafi tsufa samfurin da aka gano yana kusa da shekaru 2200.
Bugu da ƙari, suna cikin nahiyar Turai, saboda a farkon rabin karni na 32, daga kyautar da aka yi tsakanin 'yan mulkin mallaka na Birtaniya da Spain, an dasa wannan nau'in a cikin wuraren shakatawa daban-daban a matsayin kayan ado na babban sha'awa ga. halayensa masu ban sha'awa waɗanda suka sa ya zama babban bishiya mai girma da girma. Dangane da kwanukan abarba, tsayinsa ya kai mm 3 kuma suna ɗauke da daga tsaba 7 zuwa XNUMX kowanne, kamar yadda ake yi a wannan jinsin, mazubin suna buɗewa idan sun bushe fiye da komai ko kuma ta hanyar kwari masu iya karyawa. su..
Kamar yadda na 2003, a Cantabria, da sanarwar National Monument da aka kayyade a matsayin tafki na dogayen bishiyoyi a duniya, wanda mamaki dazuzzuka a cikin 40s. Hakazalika, a Mexico an dasa su tun 70s, musamman a cikin shekaru. Municipality na Jilotepec, samfurori na redwoods sun tashi daga California, kuma kusan shekaru hamsin daga baya sun riga sun girma kimanin mita 15.
Shahararrun Redwoods na Duniya
Idan aka yi la'akari da nisa na gangar jikin, shahararrun samfurori, bisa ga binciken da aka gudanar a shekara ta 2009, su ne na farko na Sequoia Hyperion, saboda shi ne mafi girma tun lokacin da aka gano shi a 2006, yana auna kimanin mita 115. Sai kuma Janar Sherman, wanda ya kai tsayin mita 83, yana cikin dajin dajin dajin Amurka, yana da katon akwati mai fadin mita 31 da girma na mita 1.486 cubic mita, an bambanta shi ta hanyar tsira ga fiye da shekaru 2000 kuma an gane shi a matsayin itace mafi girma a duniya.
Yana biye da Janar Grant, wanda ke cikin General Grant Groove a cikin gandun daji na King Canyon, wanda yake da tsayin mita 81, mita 32 a diamita kuma yana da girma na mita 1.319 cubic. Sannan shugaban ya fito waje, wanda kuma yana cikin kurmin katafaren dajin mai tsayin mita 73, da'irar kasan kasan mita 28 kuma yana nuna girman mita 1278. Haka kuma Lincoln, kamar wani kwafin da ke cikin Giant Forest, mai tsayin mita 77 mai ban sha'awa, mita 29 a kewaye da girma na mita 1259 cubic.
Sai kuma Stagg, wanda ke cikin Alder Creek na Giant Sequoia National Monument kuma yana da girma na ban mamaki kamar tsayin mita 74, diamita na mita 33 da girma na mita 1205. Bugu da ƙari, akwai Boole wanda itace Converse Basin, na cikin Monument da aka ambata a baya kuma yana da tsayin mita 81, fadin mita 34 da girma na mita 1202. Yayin da ake kira bishiyar Farawa wani ɓangare ne na Gidan Dutsen kuma yana da tsayin mita 77, mita 26 a kewaye da mita 1186 a girma.
Sauran da ke cikin jerin shahararrun sequoias shine mai suna Franklin, shi ma daga Giant Forest, wanda tsayinsa ya kai mita 68, kauri na mita 28 da girma na mita 1168 cubic. Bi da bi, akwai samfurin Sarki Arthur da ke cikin kurmin Garfield, wanda tsayinsa ya kai mita 82, tsayinsa ya kai mita 31, da kuma mita 1151 a girma. Hakanan, Monroe ya fito waje, wanda za'a iya gani a cikin Giant Forest Grove kuma yana jin daɗin girmansa na mita 1135, tsayinsa mita 75 da faɗin mita 27.
Hakanan an haɗa su a matsayin manyan bishiyu waɗanda aka yiwa suna Helio, suna nuni ga allahn rana a cikin tatsuniyar Girka don auna kusan mita 114. Akwai kuma Icarus mai tsayin mita 113, yayin da bishiyar Daedalus ke da tsayin mita 110 kacal. Dangane da wurin da yake, an ce an kebe shi ne da nufin tabbatar da kiyaye muhalli da kuma gujewa hadarin sare itatuwa.
Sequoia Conservation
A yau yana daya daga cikin nau'in da ke karkashin kariya, saboda an jera shi a matsayin nau'in da ke cikin hadari kamar yadda kungiyar kasa da kasa don kiyaye yanayi (IUCN) ta kafa, saboda sarrafa gobarar da ta afku a wani yanki mai yawa na asalinta. don taimakawa ci gaban waɗannan tsire-tsire, ya sa ci gaban su ya kasance a hankali sosai, kuma sun ƙaddara cewa an samar da wasu tsire-tsire masu dacewa da dacewa a wurinsu.
Al'adu
Muhimmancin bishiyar sequoia, kamar yadda aka ambata a sama, ya tabbatar da nomansa a wasu sassa na duniya, shi ya sa aka san manyan kurruka a Turai, Kanada, Australia, New Zealand da Chile, da dai sauransu. Bugu da ƙari, ana shuka shi, kodayake ba a samu nasara ba, a wasu sassan Amurka. Kafin yin ƙarin bayani game da wannan al'amari, yana da kyau a lura cewa irin wannan bishiyar tana da ikon jure yanayin zafi ƙasa da digiri Celsius ko sanyi na ɗan gajeren lokaci, idan dai ƙasa da ke kusa da tushen tana da dusar ƙanƙara. ciyawa.
A Turai
Itace mafi tsayi da aka samo a wajen Amurka ita ce samfurin da aka dasa a kusa da Ribeauvillé a Faransa a 1856 kuma an auna shi a cikin 2014 a tsayin mita 60 yana da shekaru 160. A cikin United Kingdom, babban itacen sequoia ya fara nomansa ne a shekara ta 1853 ta wani ɗan lambu na Perthshire Patrick Matthew daga zuriyar da ɗansa ya aike daga jihar California ta Amurka. Duk da cewa William Lobb ya yi jigilar iri da yawa a Calaveras Grove, wanda ya yi aikin aikin gona. Veitch Nursery kusa da Exeter, ya isa Ingila a cikin Disamba 1853.
An sayar da wannan kaya da aka ambata a cikin tsohuwar nahiyar. Ci gabanta a Burtaniya ya yi sauri sosai, inda itace mafi tsayi a Benmore a kudu maso yammacin Scotland ya kai mita 56,4 a cikin 2014 yana da shekaru 150, da yawa fiye da mita 50 zuwa 53.; mafi ƙarfi yana kusa da mita 12 a kewaye da kuma mita 4 a diamita, a cikin Perthshire. Lambunan Botanic na Royal a Kew, London kuma sun ƙunshi babban samfuri. A Biddulph Grange Garden a Staffordshire, yana da kyawawan tarin Sequoiadendron giganteum da Coast Redwoods.
Hakazalika, a Ingila an san cewa akwai wani wuri mai fiye da ɗari na waɗannan bishiyoyi da aka dasa fiye da ƙarni biyu da suka wuce a kusa da garin Camberley kuma tun daga lokacin bishiyoyin suna raba wurare na halitta tare da gine-gine. A matsayin ƙarin bayani, matsakaicin ci gaba na cikakken balagagge samfurin zai iya kaiwa mita 22 a tsayi da 88 santimita a diamita na gangar jikin a cikin shekaru 17. A arewacin nahiyar, girmanta yana da iyaka, saboda yanayin sanyi.
A Denmark, itace mafi tsayi shine tsayi ƙafa 115 da ƙafa 5,6 a diamita a cikin 1976 kuma ya fi tsayi a yau. A kasar Poland, an ambaci cewa wata bishiya ta yi nasarar tsira da zafin da bai wuce digiri 37 ba tare da kaurin dusar kankara. Daga Jamus an gabatar da wannan nau'in a cikin 1952 a Sequoiafarm Kaldenkirchen. Kuma a cikin yankin Serbia, an gane wanzuwar bishiyoyi 29, wanda ya kai mita 30 a tsayi a Belgrade, kuma a cikin Jamhuriyar Czech daya daga cikin wadannan bishiyoyi ya sami damar isa mita 44 kuma yana cikin lambun Ratměřice Castle.
A Arewacin Amurka
Redwoods an shuka su da yawa a ko'ina cikin Gabashin Yammacin Amurka da kuma a sassan Kudancin Amurka, yana nuna shaharar da wannan nau'in ya samu. Musamman, ana iya cewa shukar wannan ciyayi yana da yawa a yammacin Oregon da kuma daga arewa zuwa kudu maso yammacin British Columbia a Kanada, tare da haɓakar girma sosai. A Washington da Oregon, an saba samun manyan sequoias da aka samu nasarar dasa su a cikin birane da yankunan karkara.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3xPmWZNYbtU
A gabar Tekun Gabashin Amurka, bunƙasar waɗannan manyan bishiyoyin ya yi ƙasa sosai fiye da sauran wurare, kuma suna da saurin kamuwa da cututtukan fungal na Cercospora da Kabatina saboda yanayin zafi da ɗanɗanar lokacin rani. Akwai bayanan cewa itace a Blithewold Gardens a Bristol, Rhode Island yana da tsayin mita 27, wanda ake zaton shine mafi tsayi a jihar New England. Taylor Memorial Arboretum a gundumar Delaware, Pennsylvania yana da tsayi ƙafa 29, wanda wasu na iya ɗauka mafi tsayi a Arewa maso Gabas.
Bugu da ƙari, ana iya ba da haske game da kasancewar manyan gonaki a manyan wuraren shakatawa daban-daban, kamar: Arnold Arborium a Boston, Longwood a Delaware, Lambun Botanical na New Jersey, da sauransu. Duk da haka, ana iya samun gonaki masu zaman kansu a gabar tekun gabashin kasar, inda mafi shaharar su ne a babban birnin kasar, a jihar Colorado da wasu fitattun samfuran a Michigan.
A Ostiraliya
A cikin yanayin Ostiraliya, zamu iya samun tarin waɗannan bishiyoyi a cikin Lambun Botanical Ballarat. Sauran wuraren da za a gani sun haɗa da: Jubilee Park da Hepburn Mineral Springs Reserve a Daylesford, Cook Park a Orange, NSW, da Carisbrook's Deep Creek Park a Victoria. Dajin Pialligo Redwood ya hada da itatuwan jajayen da suka tsira 3.000, daga cikin 122.000 da aka noma, mita 500 gabas da filin jirgin saman Canberra. Mai tsara dajin Walter Burley Griffin ne ya tsara dajin.
Canberra National Arboretum ya haifar da daji na waɗannan tsire-tsire a cikin 2008. Ko da yake suna girma a cikin arboretum da aka watsar a Dutsen Banda Banda a New South Wales. A tsibirin Tasmania, ana iya ganin wasu bishiyoyi a cikin lambuna masu zaman kansu da na jama'a, saboda manyan sequoias sun shahara sosai a tsakiyar 1837-1901, wato, a zamanin Victorian. Yana da samfuran redwood da yawa da yawa a Westbury Village Green da ƙari a cikin Deloraine. Bugu da kari, akwai wasu Sequoiadendron giganteum da Sequoia sempervirens a Tasmanian Arboretum.
A Chile
A cikin wannan ƙasa, gandun daji na kudancin sun wadatar da irin wannan bishiyar, saboda nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i). daga dasa shi a cikin ƙasa don dalilai na ado a ƙarshen karni na ƙarshe, don haka yana nuna cewa ana iya samun nasarar kafa wannan nau'in, tunda yana iya kaiwa girma na 18 zuwa 25 m3 / ha / shekara, don haka fa'idodin muhalli na waɗannan shuka. rama tsawon lokacin jira don isa ga balaga.
a new zealand
Ana iya samun samfura da yawa a Tsibirin Kudu na New Zealand, inda ake iya ganin tsayin bishiyu a wurin shakatawa na jama'a a Picton, da kuma ƴan wurare a Christchurch da Queenstown. Ya kamata a lura da cewa wuri mafi kyau don ganin shukar wannan nau'in a cikin wannan ƙasa shine Rotorua, inda aka dasa fiye da kadada shida na California redwoods a farkon shekarun 1900 a cikin Redwood Memorial Grove, wanda ke da kariya daga katako. Ana kuma iya samun waɗannan bishiyoyi a kusa da tafkin Rotokakahi da sauran wurare daban-daban a cikin dajin.
Kulawar Bishiyar Sequoia
Ko da yake yana da wuya a sami redwood a cikin lambuna masu zaman kansu, kuma idan kana da daya, yana da muhimmanci a san yadda za a kula da irin wannan bishiyar. Don haka, abu na farko da za a fayyace shi ne wurin da yake, tun da yake bishiya ce mara koraye mai son hasken rana, ko da yake ana iya ajiye ta a wani wuri mai inuwa. Amma ku tuna, itaciya ce mai girma kuma saboda haka yana da kyau a nisantar da shi daga gine-gine kamar gidaje masu hawa da yawa, titin titi da bututu.
Manufar waɗannan bishiyoyi ita ce shuka su a cikin ƙasa mai ɗanɗano acidic, sabo da ƙasa mai zurfi. A daya bangaren kuma, yana da kyau a rika shayar da shi lokaci-lokaci, musamman a lokacin rani. A lokacin mafi zafi, ana shayar da shi sau 2-3 a mako, sauran na shekara 1 ko 2 ana shayar da shi a mako. Amfani da ruwan sama ko ruwan sama wanda bai ƙunshi lemun tsami ba. Bugu da ƙari, yin amfani da takin gargajiya ya dace, zai fi dacewa a cikin bazara. Lokacin dasa shuki a cikin kwantena, manufa shine amfani da wadanda suke da ruwa saboda suna sauƙaƙe yaduwar ruwa.
Amfani
Itacen samfuran samfuran da aka girma yana da matukar juriya ga lalacewa, amma saboda yana da kitse da karye, gabaɗaya bai dace da gini ba. Tun daga ƙarshen ƙarni na 1924 da kuma shekaru XNUMX na farko na ƙarni na XNUMX, ana yin saren itace a cikin dazuzzuka da yawa don yin amfani da ƙananan gine-gine daban-daban. An rufe babban kasuwancin ƙarshe na girbi a shekara ta XNUMX. Saboda nauyinsu da rashin ƙarfi, bishiyoyin sukan kama lokacin da suka bugi ƙasa, suna ɓarna da yawancin itacen.
Loggers suna ƙoƙarin rage tasirin ta hanyar tono ramuka da cika su da rassan. Duk da haka, an kiyasta cewa kashi 50% ne kawai na itacen ya kai ga injin dazuzzuka. An yi amfani da itace da farko don fale-falen rufin rufi da shingen shinge, har ma da ashana. Hotunan bishiyoyi masu daraja a da, yanzu sun karye kuma aka yi watsi da su a cikin dazuzzukan dazuzzuka a baya, da kuma ra'ayin ƙattai da aka sanya a cikin gine-ginen da ba su dace ba, ya haifar da kukan jama'a wanda ya haifar da kiyaye yawancin gandun daji a matsayin ƙasa mai kariya.
A yau, mutane na iya ziyartar misalin sare gandun daji na 1880 a Big Stump Grove kusa da Janar Grant Grove. Bugu da ƙari, an shigar da wasu bishiyoyi da ba su balaga ba a cikin dajin Sequoia a cikin 1980s, wanda sanannen su ya taimaka ƙirƙirar Giant Sequoia National Monument. Itacen itacen da bai balaga ba yana da rauni. Gwaje-gwaje na baya-bayan nan game da tsiron da aka girma ya nuna inganci iri ɗaya ga Coast Redwood.
Yana da mahimmanci a nuna cewa, kodayake nau'in nau'in nau'i ne mai kariya, a cikin 'yan shekarun nan an ƙarfafa nomansa don dalilai na kasuwanci a kan ƙananan sikelin, idan aka ba da damar waɗannan bishiyoyi a matsayin tsire-tsire don girma yawan amfanin ƙasa duka a California da dama. sauran kasashen Yammacin Turai inda za a iya bunkasa su yadda ya kamata fiye da jajayen itatuwan bakin teku. Hakanan, a arewa maso yammacin Amurka, wasu kamfanoni sun fara noman manyan sequoias don bishiyar Kirsimeti.
Idan kuna son wannan labarin game da Bishiyar Sequoia kuma kuna son ƙarin koyo game da wasu batutuwa masu ban sha'awa, zaku iya duba hanyoyin haɗin yanar gizon: