Halayen romanticism da ma'anarsa

Hankali da kwatanci a wani lokaci da suka wuce sun mamaye komai na fasaha da na adabi; duk da haka, wadannan ba su yi nuni da hakikanin wannan duniyar da ba ta da hankali, mai cike da motsin rai da tawaya wanda a karshe shi ne asalinsa; haka suke bayyana Ayyukan del Kalaman soyayya.

SIFFOFIN ROMANTICISM

Ayyukan na Romanticism

Don fara sanin ainihin halayen soyayya, yana da mahimmanci a yi la'akari da yadda wannan sabon salon fasaha da falsafa da ya yi tasiri ga al'umma a wancan lokacin ya samo asali, kuma ya zama farkon sabon salon magana ta fasaha a kowane fanni.

Romanticism ya bayyana a Turai a cikin karni na goma sha takwas, wannan wani sabon halin yanzu wanda ya mayar da hankali ga wani nau'i mai ban sha'awa, sabon falsafanci da sabuwar hanyar yin aiki da fahimtar fasaha. Ya riga ya zo daga lokutan kwatanci, lokacin da hankali da ɗan adam suka yi nasara, suna barin motsin rai, ji da mafarkai.

Saboda haka, a mayar da martani ga wannan sosai pragmatic duniya, romanticism ya bayyana, sadaukar da kai da kuma daukaka na motsin zuciyarmu da mafarki duniya. Da wannan ne ya koma kan abubuwan da suka gabata, zuwa ga al’adun gargajiya da na kasa, shi kansa wata hanya ce ta sake gano kebantacciyar kasa da siffofinta; wannan ya haifar da bunƙasa kishin ƙasa da komawa ga ƙasashen Greco-Latin, da kuma tsakiyar zamanai. Wannan sabon yanayin kuma ya nuna kalubale daban-daban da wuraren da za a bincika a kowane fanni na fasaha.

Halayen Romanticism a cikin Painting

A cikin yanayin magana ta fasaha a cikin zanen, ya ƙunshi sauyi na gaske game da yadda al'umma za ta yaba irin wannan nau'in fasaha, wanda tun zamanin da ya kasance kusan kusan nau'in Jiha da Ikilisiya, waɗanda bisa ga ƙa'idar su ne masu tallata ta, yawanci. amfani da shi don tallan ku.

Hakanan, halaye na romanticism da aka kafa, ta hanyar haɗin gwiwar fasaha tare da aikace-aikacen lamiri da kerawa da kansa, sababbin yanayi don aiwatarwa da gina fasaha; kuma ga yadda masanin tarihi Ernst Gombrich ya yi cikakken bayani game da shi, a cikin kamar haka:

SIFFOFIN ROMANTICISM

"Tsarin tunani na gaskiya da kuma hanyar da fasaha za ta iya bayyana mutumtaka za a iya kafa shi ne kawai lokacin da fasaha ta ƙare duk sauran manufofinta."

Wannan shi ne yadda yawancin masu fasahar soyayya da marubuta suka fahimci fasaha a matsayin hanyar bayyana kai kuma hakika sana'a ce. Ta wannan hanyar, mutane da yawa sun yanke shawarar yin watsi da ayyukansu, suna jin cewa dole ne su sayar da ayyukansu don kada su "sayar" kansu a matsayin masu fasaha. Don haka, tare da al'adar mai zane wanda ya gabatar da kansa a matsayin mai tsara abubuwan addini, masu fasaha da aka haramta da kuma rashin kudi sun karu, saboda ya fi aminci ga sababbin masu sauraro su dogara ga fasahar gargajiya.

Romanticism na adabi

Juyin juya hali ne na adabi da ya fara a Turai a karshen karni na XNUMX lokacin da wasu marubuta suka yi watsi da ka'idojin tsari da salon marubutan gargajiya suka fara magana kan yanayi, na radadin soyayya a cikin yanayi na kashin kai da jin dadi a matsayin mahallin. An karɓa daga jin daɗin jin daɗi. Wannan sabon yanayin ya fara ne a Jamus, ya isa Ingila da Faransa kuma ya bazu zuwa wasu ƙasashe.

Dangane da al’adun ’yan izala da har yanzu ake ci gaba da yi, marubutan sun mayar da hankali ne a kan halin da ake ciki a tsakiyar zamanai, da lokacin kafuwar qasashensu, da yaba wa jarumai da jarumtaka, da al’adun gargajiya; Wannan juyin ya kai kololuwar sa a karni na sha tara. Tushen ka'idar Romanism a cikin adabi an ƙirƙira su a Jamus ta hanyar Hegel, Schelling, da Fichte, masana falsafa na aƙidar gargajiya (wanda kuma aka sani da romanticism na falsafa).

Nationalism

Masoyan soyayya suna wa'azin kishin kasa, suna karfafa daukakar dabi'ar kasa, komawa ga abubuwan da suka gabata na tarihi da kuma samar da gwarzon kasa. A cikin wallafe-wallafen Turai, jaruman ƙasa suna da kyau kuma jarumtaka na tsaka-tsaki; a Brazil, su ne Indiyawa, daidai da kyau, jaruntaka da wayewa.

Hakanan ana ɗaukaka dabi'a a cikin son zuciya, ana kallonta a matsayin haɓakar al'umma ko mafaka daga rayuwar tawaye na biranen karni na XNUMX; daukakar dabi'a tana kaiwa ga ci gaba da iyakoki na marubuci da lokacin tunaninsa.

Romanticism a cikin Music

Babban abubuwan kide-kide na Romanticism sun ci gaba a duk tsawon lokacin kiɗan a Yamma, daga ƙarshen karni na XNUMX zuwa farkon karni na XNUMX. Wannan yunkuri na kade-kade yana da nasaba da harkar adabi da fasaha na wannan suna da ya bulla a Turai a tsakiyar karni na sha takwas, musamman a Jamus.

A cikin wannan lokacin, kiɗa ya zama mafi bayyanawa da motsin rai ya zama jigogi na adabi, fasaha da falsafa na zamani. Girman ƙungiyar makaɗa ya ƙaru sosai a cikin Romanticism, kamar yadda maɗaukakiyar kewayo da bambancin kayan aikin da aka yi amfani da su suka yi.

Wasannin kide-kide na jama'a sun zama lynchpin na al'ummar tsakiyar gari, sabanin lokutan tarihi na baya lokacin da ake biyan kide-kide da kuma yin kide-kide da farko don manyan sarakuna. Daga cikin halaye na romanticism, za mu iya ba da misali da wani sabon watsi da na halitta, mai ban sha'awa da baya (musamman na tsakiyar zamanai Legends), wani sabon look zuwa ga sufi da kuma allahntaka, a sha'awar ga m da kuma mayar da hankali a kan dama, da ruhi da ruhi

Kishin kasa kuma ya kasance wani dalili a cikin mawakan Romanticism; bayyanar da tsananin ji a cikin abubuwan da aka tsara ya kasance mai mahimmanci ga yawancin zane-zanen da suka ci gaba a wannan lokacin tarihi.

SIFFOFIN ROMANTICISM

Abubuwan da aka tsara na shirye-shirye, kaɗe-kaɗe na kiɗa, waƙa mai motsi, wasan opera na Bel Canto da gabatarwar wasan kwaikwayo nau'ikan nau'ikan ne da suka fito kuma an ɗaukaka su a lokacin soyayya a matsayin madadin salon sonatas na gargajiya da kade-kade.

Dabi'u da abubuwan shirye-shirye na motsin soyayya

Daban-daban masu fasaha da suka nutsar da kansu a cikin wannan sabon motsi na soyayya, yawanci suna wakiltar ayyukansu ta hanyar amfani da jerin dabi'u da abubuwan da ke da alaƙa da halayen soyayya, sabuwar hanyar bayyanar fasaha ta wannan lokacin, daga cikinsu muna da su. :

Hasashen vs. hankali

A matsayin mayar da martani ga ƙin yarda na gaskiya emblematic darajar tunanin, domin cancantar shi a matsayin saba wa abin da rai na hankali da halin kirki wakilta a lokacin neoclassical art; masu zanen sun yanke shawarar ba da sabuwar ma'ana ga hasashe ta hanyar haɓaka shi ta hanyoyi biyu: yin amfani da shi azaman abin ƙirƙira da ilimi.

sublimity vs. classic kyau

A wannan lokacin, masu fasaha sun tashi suna ƙin yarda da samfurin gargajiya wanda ke wakiltar kyakkyawa (tsari, daidaito da daidaituwa), tun da yake ana iya faɗi da yawa kuma maimaituwa, don haka sun yanke shawarar kama shi ta hanyar ra'ayin ɗaukaka.

Saboda haka, kwatancen da ke tsakanin su biyun ya kasance mai ban mamaki: yayin da samfurin gargajiya ya samo asali ne da jin daɗi da tausayi, abin ɗaukaka, wato akasin haka, yana wakiltar rashin jin daɗi, motsin rai ko tashin hankali wanda ya haifar da rashin daidaituwa tsakanin girman tunanin abin da yake. tunani da abin da aka gani.wannan dalili yana jira. Maɗaukakin ɗaukaka yana motsawa, girgiza kuma yana damun mai kallo ta hanya mai ɗaukar hankali; Wannan yana fitar da ku daga yankin jin daɗin ku kuma yana tilasta muku bincika wasu nau'ikan kyau banda tsari, daidaito da jituwa.

SIFFOFIN ROMANTICISM

batun batun vs. haƙiƙa

Romanticism yana nuna cewa shine ra'ayin mai zane wanda aka gabatar a cikin ayyukansa, wato, batun batunsa ta hanyar ji, yanke hukunci, damuwa da burinsa. A wannan ma'anar, yana 'yantar da mai zane daga mika wuya da burin mai saye ko jama'a ya sanya shi, musamman ya fanshe shi daga sadaukarwa da aiki; kuma wannan shine yadda aka kafa kalmar fasaha azaman bayyanar mutum ɗaya.

kishin kasa vs. duniya

Akwai dabi'u guda biyu da suka shiga cikin fasaha na soyayya da na zamani, duk da haka, sun yi mu'amala ta hanyoyi daban-daban a cikin bayyanar fasaha; Wannan yana da yawa don haka masana tarihi kamar Eric Hobsbawm suna cewa:

"The romantic kazalika da neoclassical, wakiltar 2 sassa na tsabar kudin".

Daga cikin bambance-bambancen da ke tsakanin waɗannan abubuwan da ke tattare da kishin ƙasa shine: yayin da a cikin fasaha na zamani ya kare ra'ayin kasa na kasa a matsayin wani tsari na hankali da kuma hanyar ci gaban wayewa, romanticism yana daraja ra'ayi na ainihi na kasa. Ta haka ne jihar ke hada ‘ya’yan kasa, na ‘yan uwantaka.

Abubuwan al'ada da salo na romanticism

Ta hanyar halayen soyayya, an gabatar da abubuwa daban-daban da salo, waɗanda mai zane zai iya bincika don kamawa a cikin ayyukansa na gaba, waɗannan su ne:

Bambance-bambancen salo

Babu shakka, ’yancin bayyanar da soyayyar soyayya ta kawo wa masu fasaha a wannan zamani ya yi matuƙar yawa, tun da yake ɗaya daga cikin muhimman halaye na soyayya shi ne nau’ukan salo iri-iri, wanda ke wargaza duk ƙa’idodin ilimi kuma yana nuni da neman bayyanar zahiri. Dangane da romanticism a cikin reshe cewa shi ne (misali fasaha ko wallafe-wallafe), ana iya la'akari da shi azaman salon gama gari.

Yana da yawa cewa romanticism ba zai iya cancanta a lokaci guda, amma a matsayin halin yanzu a iyakar wasu (neoclassicism, realism, symbolism, pre-Raphaelitism). Duk da haka, yana yiwuwa a tabbatar da cewa soyayya ta haifar da fifiko mai bayyanawa a cikin nunin fasaha na karni na XNUMX, yana sanar da abin da zai zama manufar rubutu da fasahar zamani.

'Yanci daga dokoki

A cikin soyayya, masu fasaha da marubuta sun fanshi kansu daga rashin sassaucin ra'ayi na ka'idojin ilimi, duk da haka, wannan ba yana nufin watsi da su gaba daya ba; ko da yake a wasu lokuta, da alama ƙa'idodin sun ɓace gaba ɗaya. Akwai kuma wasu da suke mika wuya ga nasu bayyanar, ana amfani da su azaman buƙatu mai bayyanawa da ta taso. A cikin kowane yanayi, mai zane ya 'yantar da kansa da son rai daga rashin sassaucin ra'ayi na ilimi don neman salon kansa wanda ke gane shi.

romantic irony

Wannan shi ne daya daga cikin mafi yawan bincike da kuma bincikar halayen soyayya a cikin waɗannan lokutan soyayya, musamman a cikin adabi. Wani nau'i ne na tunani na tunani zuwa siffofin yadda ake ganin gaskiya, wanda ke nufin ƙarshen fahimtar hukunci. Abin baƙin ciki don haka yana buɗe dama mara adadi a cikin aikin fasaha.

Kaucewa daga tsabta da ma'anar

Masu fasaha na Romantic suna sha'awar yanayin motsin rai, musamman ma waɗanda ke nuna wani abin kunya. Idan zane-zane shine misali na duniya na sirri, da saninsa ya ruɗe, mai zane yana sha'awar watsa yanayin tunanin mutum, kuma saboda wannan yana amfani da rashin tsabta da ma'anar. Hakanan yana faruwa tare da adabi da kiɗan motsin soyayya.

Tasirin fasahar baroque, musamman a cikin romanticism na Faransa

A game da Faransanci, Romanticism ya sake komawa zuwa ga mashawartan Baroque, waɗanda wayewar ta la'anta a matsayin ruɗe, ɓarna, da ƙawata. An sake karanta Baroque daga taɓawar soyayya, ko da yake an nusar da shi zuwa ga jigogi na zamani na ƙarfafawa; manyan al'amuran motley sun sake bayyana, da alamun hargitsi da annashuwa.

SIFFOFIN ROMANTICISM

Ƙarshen ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙaƙƙarfan ƙaƙƙarfan ƙaƙƙarfar ƙaƙƙarfar ƙaƙƙarfar ƙaƙƙarfar ƙaƙƙarfar ƙaƙƙarfar ƙaƙƙarfar ƙaƙƙarfar ƙaƙƙarfar ƙaƙƙarfar ƙaƙƙarfar ƙaƙƙarfar ƙaƙƙarfar ƙaƙƙarfar ƙaƙƙarfar ƙaƙƙarfar ƙaƙƙarfar ƙaƙƙarfan ƙaƙƙarfar ƙaƙƙarfar ƙaƙƙarfar ƙaƙƙarfar ƙaƙƙarfar ƙaƙƙarfar ƙaƙƙarfar ƙaƙƙarfar ƙaƙƙarfar ƙaƙƙarfar ƙaƙƙarfar ƙaƙƙarfar ƙaƙƙarfar ƙaƙƙarfar ƙaƙƙarfar ƙaƙƙarfar ƙaƙƙarfar ƙaƙƙarfar ƙaƙƙarfar ƙaƙƙarfar ƙaƙƙarfar ƙaƙƙarfar ƙaƙƙarfar ƙaƙƙarfar ƙaƙƙarfar ƙaƙƙarfar ƙaƙƙarfa ce ta mamaye ƙaƙƙarfan ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayatarwa

Duk da yake neoclassicism ya yi ƙoƙari na gaske don ɓoye hanyoyin da suka sa mai kallo ya manta da mai zane a matsayin tsaka-tsakin tsakaninsa da ra'ayin, romantics suna tunawa da kasancewarsa ta hanyar barin hanyar da ake gani, wato, da hankali ya ƙyale rashin daidaituwa, asymmetry , rashin kuskure ko siffar da ba a gama ba. , ya zama zane, kiɗa ko adabi.

Ynamarfafawa

Ayyukan soyayya sun yi murabus daga keɓancewar ayyukan neoclassical kuma sun zaɓi ayyukan da aka yi amfani da su kuma suna cike da juriya.

jigogi na romanticism

Jigogin da aka yi amfani da su a cikin romanticism ana iya mayar da hankali ga nau'o'in nau'o'in jigogi daban-daban (wallafe-wallafe, zane-zane da kiɗa), kuma daga cikin mafi yawan maimaitawa da mashahuri, za mu iya samun wadannan:

yanayi da ji

Jigogi na wakilci da aka fi sani a cikin zanen soyayya sun samo asali ne daga bayyana yanayin duniyar masu fasaha. Jigogi irin su waɗanda ke da alaƙa da waɗannan motsin rai na ɓacin rai, kaɗaici, rashin natsuwa, rashin taimako, ƙauna, ciwon hauka, sha'awa, firgita ko ta'addanci sune suka fi yawa, a haƙiƙa, ana iya cewa waɗannan jigogi sun kasance masu juyewa a cikin duk jigogin da aka haɓaka a cikin soyayya. , bayanin su:

Soyayya

A matsayin babban jigon abubuwan da ya tsara, marubucin soyayya ba ya ganin soyayya a matsayin lokacin farin ciki, amma a matsayin lokacin wahala. Soyayya a matsayin abin da ba zai taba yiwuwa ba wanda yawanci yakan kare cikin rashin sa'a, soyayyar da ke tafiyar da motsin mai karatu ta hanyar wuce gona da iri.

Mutuwa

Mutuwa ita kanta ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin abubuwan da ke damun masu fasahar soyayya, kuma an tuntuɓe ta ta fuskoki da yawa. Har ila yau, akwai wani abin sha'awa na musamman game da batun kashe kansa a lokacin soyayya, wanda kuma ya sami ƙarfafa ta sakamakon tasirin littafin Goethe The Sorrows of Young Werther.

Labarin

Masu fasahar soyayya da ke haɗe da dabi'un siyasa na 'yanci da na kishin ƙasa suna nuna jigogi akai-akai daga tarihin waɗanda ke bin waɗannan dabi'u. Wannan nau'in yana da takamammen ra'ayi a cikin soyayyar Amurkawa, gabaɗaya baya ga abin ƙarfafawa daga Greco-Latin da suka gabata.

A Turai da Amurka, fasahar soyayya tana wakiltar wuraren tarihi daga tsakiyar zamanai da sauran lokuta, da kuma a zamanin yau, wanda ke cikin hanyar da ake bukata na asalin al'umma da 'yantarwa. Juyin juya halin Faransa ta wannan hanya, yana ɗaya daga cikin jigogi da aka fi so a cikin muhawarar fasahar Faransa.

Har ila yau, Romanticism yana wakiltar siffar jarumi, amma idan aka kwatanta da bayyanar neoclassical wanda ya keɓance shi a matsayin mai halin ɗabi'a da kamun kai mai cike da kyawawan dabi'u, romanticism ya bambanta shi a matsayin wuce kima, cike da sha'awa da ban tausayi.

Tsarin fili

Romanticism ya dawo zuwa wuri mai faɗi ta hanyoyi biyu: na farko, don ƙaddamar da rata tsakanin mutum da yanayin da ke haifar da canje-canjen zamantakewa; na biyu a matsayin misali na duniyar ciki na batun. Wannan kuma wani abin kyama ne ga rationalism neoclassical, wanda a cikin dukkan mahallinsa ya zaɓi gaskiyar ciki da zafin rai don jawo hankalin mai kallo zuwa ga saƙon.

Duniyar adabin almara da almara

Ƙauyen soyayya sun tashi don neman sabon abun ciki a cikin wallafe-wallafen kowane lokaci, suna watsi da nassoshi na Greco-Latin. Yawancin su suna zuwa waccan wallafe-wallafen da ke ba da abubuwa masu ban mamaki, samfurori masu ban mamaki, namun daji, madadin tatsuniyoyi, da sauransu.

pop al'ada

Bugu da ƙari, an sami karuwar sha'awar wakilcin shahararrun al'adu, wanda aka yi imanin cewa shi ne ma'auni na ganewa na kasa; hangen nesa na shahararrun al'adun ba lallai bane ya zama bucolic. Hakanan ana iya danganta shi da duniyar sihiri-addini da wani dalili na "hargitsi" wanda ya dami masu wayewa sosai.

Nostalgia don imani da ruhi

Neoclassicals da Romantics sun yi imanin cewa duk lokutan da suka wuce sun fi kyau, amma duka a hanyoyi daban-daban. Masu ra'ayin neoclassicists sun yi adawa da rawar al'ada, wanda suke zargi da tsattsauran ra'ayi, kuma saboda wannan dalili sun yi imanin sun ga samfurin ra'ayi a cikin Greco-Latin da suka wuce.

A halin yanzu, romantics sun yi tsayayya da wuce gona da iri na rationalism mai haske kuma sun yi marmarin zama na zamani da "na farko". Sun koka da bacewar ruhi da fahimtar sihiri a rayuwa; a lokaci guda kuma, sun fifita abubuwan da suka faru a baya a matsayin tushen farko na wanzuwar kasa. Wannan kamanni mai ban sha'awa kuma ya kasance kamar yarda da ƙaramin mutuwa wanda ƙwaƙƙwaran soyayya ke yin kuka akai-akai a cikin zane-zanensa.

dan asalin Amurka

Wani babban jigo na zuriyar da aka yi a baya irin su melancholy shi ne na asalin Amurkawa, wanda suka fassara a matsayin alama ta haɗin kai tsakanin ɗan adam da yanayi. Tabbas, wata manufa ce ta hanyar ra'ayin Jean-Jacques Rousseau na dabbanci mai daraja.

m al'amura

Ya kasance tare da Romantics cewa sha'awar abin da ake kira "al'adu masu ban mamaki" ya fara yadawa, tare da ma'anar launi da abun da ke ciki. Ɗaya daga cikin mafi yaɗuwar igiyoyin ruwa shine Orientalism, wanda ke nunawa ba kawai a cikin nazarin ma'auni na ado ba har ma a cikin batutuwan da aka wakilta.

Halayen Romanticism

Akwai mutane da yawa da suka ba da gudummawa ga soyayya, wanda maza da mata suka shiga ba tare da bambanci ba. A ƙasa za mu nuna muku sunayen wasu daga cikin su bisa ga nau'in zane-zanen da suka haɓaka da kuma wasu ayyukan da suka fi wakilci, waɗannan su ne:

Mawallafa

Adabi ya kasance mai wakilci sosai a cikin son zuciya, ta hanyar ayyukan adabi da ba su ƙididdigewa waɗanda marubuta kamar haka:

  • Mary Shelley tare da shahararren wallafe-wallafen Frankenstein (1829)
  • Edgar Allan Poe da littafinsa The Tell-Tale Heart (1843)
  • Victor Hugo tare da aikinsa na wallafe-wallafen Les Miserables (1962)
  • Johann Wolfgang von Goethe da ci gaba a cikin rubuce-rubucensa na The Sorrows of Young Werther (1774)
  • Alexandre Dumas tare da sanannun aikinsa The Count of Monte Cristo (1844)
  • José de Epronceda da littafinsa The Student of Salamanca (1840)
  • Lord Byron tare da fitaccen aikinsa The Pilgrimages of Childe Harold.

Masu zanen zane

Fitattun mawakan da suka yi amfani da su a cikin ayyukansu halayen soyayya da duk abin da ke cikinsa, su ne kamar haka:

  • Francisco Goya da aikinsa Dreams of Reason Produce Monsters (1799)
  • William Turner tare da zanensa Rain, Steam and Speed ​​​​(1844).
  • Leonardo Alenza tare da bayyanarsa na fasaha a cikin Romantics ko Suicide (1837)
  • Théodore Gericault romanticism a cikin aikinsa The Raft of the Medusa (1819)
  • Eugene Delacroix da maganganunsa na fasaha a cikin Jagorancin 'Yanci (1830)
  • Caspar David Friedrich tare da bayanin zanensa The Wanderer Sama da Tekun girgije (1818)

Mawaƙa

Akwai mawaka da mawaka da dama da suka shiga wannan yunkuri mai suna romanticism, daga cikinsu akwai:

  • Ludwig van Beethoven tare da Symphony No. 9 (1824)
  • Franz Schubert da Ellens dritter Gesang ko Ave Maria (1825)
  • Robert Schumann a cikin ci gaban Dichterliebe (Love and Life of a Poet) (1840).

Idan kun sami wannan labarin mai ban sha'awa game da Ayyukan na Romanticism, muna gayyatar ku don jin daɗin waɗannan wasu:


Kasance na farko don yin sharhi

Bar tsokaci

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  1. Hakkin bayanan: Actualidad Blog
  2. Manufar bayanan: Sarrafa SPAM, sarrafa sharhi.
  3. Halacci: Yarda da yarda
  4. Sadarwar bayanan: Ba za a sanar da wasu bayanan ga wasu kamfanoni ba sai ta hanyar wajibcin doka.
  5. Ajiye bayanai: Bayanin yanar gizo wanda Occentus Networks (EU) suka dauki nauyi
  6. Hakkoki: A kowane lokaci zaka iyakance, dawo da share bayanan ka.