Butterflies wani nau'in kwari ne waɗanda, dangane da nau'in su, kan iya ba ɗan adam mamaki da launuka masu ban mamaki, amma kun san sarki malam buɗe ido? Waɗannan an san su suna zaune a Arewacin Amirka, kodayake lokacin ƙaura ya zo suna yin haka cikin manyan ɗumbin yawa, ku kasance tare da mu don ƙarin koyo game da wannan malam buɗe ido mai ban sha'awa.
An san wannan nau'in malam buɗe ido a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin mafi kyawun duniya, sabanin sauran nau'ikansa, yana yin manyan hanyoyin ƙaura a wani lokaci na shekara. Masana ilmin halitta na Kanada Fred da Norah Urquhart ne suka fara ganin waɗannan ƙaura, da kuma masanan Kenneth C. Brugger da Catalina Trail a kusan ƙarni na XNUMX.
Index
Halayen Sarki Butterfly
Wadannan kwari suna da sifofi daban-daban wadanda suka sanya su ke bambamta a cikin jinsinsu da kuma a cikin daular malam buɗe ido, don haka wasu suna daga cikin halaye na malam buɗe ido, Hannun farko da aka yi na malam buɗe ido sun fara ne daga binciken masanin halitta ɗan ƙasar Sweden Carlos Linnaeus lokacin da ya rubuta aikinsa Systema Naturae a cikin 1758, in ji aikin Monarch Butterflies an yi magana da su a ƙarƙashin asalin Papilio.
Bayan shekaru 22, a shekara ta 1780, Jan Krzysztof Kluk ya fara amfani da wannan malam buɗe ido a matsayin abin koyi ga nau'in sabon nau'in halittar "Danaus", wannan shine jinsin da yake a yau. Duk da haka, ba a kira malam buɗe ido ba "Monarch" har zuwa lokacin da aka buga karatunsa a cikin 1874, wanda masanin ilmin halitta na Amurka Samuel Hubbard Scudder ya wallafa. A cikin wannan aikin shi da kansa ya kwatanta wannan malam buɗe ido a matsayin babba kuma mai rinjaye.
Wannan nau'in malam buɗe ido wani ɓangare ne na nau'in ditrisio lepidoptera waɗanda aka danganta kai tsaye ga dangin Nymphalidae. Tsawon wannan malam buɗe ido yana kusa da 10 ko 11 cm, nauyinsa yana kusa da 0,50 da 075 g, la'akari da cewa malam buɗe ido na wannan nau'in sun fi sirara amma fuka-fukan su suna da wurare dabam dabam na jijiyoyi, don A daya bangaren kuma, namiji. Hakanan ya fi girma kuma yana sakin pheromones ta fikafikansa.
Suna iya rayuwa aƙalla watanni 9, wannan ya samo asali ne saboda kasancewarsu daga tsarar ƙaura sun sami damar daidaitawa da yanayi daban-daban cikin sauƙi, wannan babu shakka ya fi sau 10 bege fiye da sauran nau'ikan malam buɗe ido waɗanda ke rayuwa ƙasa da ƙasa. .
Tsarin metamorphosis a cikin malam buɗe ido
Wannan nau'in malam buɗe ido, kamar kowane, yana buƙatar wucewa ta matakai 4 don zama malam buɗe ido, waɗannan su ne: kwai, caterpillar, chrysalis da malam buɗe ido. Kuma shi ne da zarar ya fito daga cikin kwai, nan da nan sai su yi ƙyanƙyashe su zama tsutsa, sai su ci abinci su yi kitso har sai sun zama caterpillars, sannan a bi da su a cikin lokaci na chrysalis, ana kewaye da su da jakar da za ta kare don tsari na gaba wanda zai zama malam buɗe ido.
Kowane tsari zai sami lokaci daban don aiwatar da na gaba, komai zai dogara ne akan yanayin zafi da lokacin shekara da za'a iya samun su. Kamar yadda muka fada a baya, wadannan malam buɗe ido su ne suka fi tsawon rayuwa idan aka kwatanta da sauran nau’in, saboda ƙaura ce ake kira da “ƙarar Methuselah”.
Abincin
Galibi ana haihuwar wadannan malam buɗe ido ne a ƙauye ko kuma buɗaɗɗen wuraren da ake samun ciyayi da ciyayi iri-iri, amma abin tambaya anan shine. Menene malam buɗe ido ke ci? Kasancewar auduga abincinsu na farko, da zarar sun kyankyashe daga cikin ƙwai kuma suka zama tsutsa, sai su ci da ragowar ƙwan sannan kuma a kan tsire-tsire masu samar da auduga.
Amma ciyarwar malam malam buɗe ido Lokacin da suke manya sukan canza gaba daya, don wannan yanayin suna cin nectar na furanni daban-daban, nectar wanda pYana ba da duk makamashin da ake buƙata don haɓaka tsarin sa na hijira, wannan saboda nectars suna da wadata a cikin sukari da sauran abubuwa masu mahimmanci don rayuwa.
Hakazalika, lokacin da suka fara ƙaura suna tsayawa a kan furanni tare da nectar don dawo da kuzari; Da zarar lokacin hunturu ya zo, sai su sami tsarin yin barci wanda ba shi da wahala ko kaɗan, tun da sun ci abin da ake bukata don adana mai, ko da yake dole ne su yi barci a wuraren da ruwa ke kusa don fita don sha kadan.
Monarch Butterfly Habitat
Da wannan duka ka yi mamaki, a ina ne malam malam buɗe ido yake rayuwa, ana samun wannan kwarin galibi a yankin Afirka, sannan ya yadu zuwa Arewacin Amurka da Kudancin Amurka zuwa Yammacin Turai da wasu yankunan Oceania. Yawancin lokaci ana iya ganin su akai-akai a cikin ƙasashe kamar yadda Kanada, Amurka, Mexico, a ƙarshe a Hawaii, New Guinea, India, Solomon Islands, New Zealand, Australia har ma da Canary Islands. A lokuta da ba kasafai yakan shiga Turai ba. Ɗaya daga cikin buƙatun da suke da shi lokacin da suke zaune a wuri shine cewa babu yanayin sanyi, suna son zafi, don haka suna buƙatar wurare masu zafi.
Ta yaya malam buɗe ido ke yi?
Kar a yaudare su da irin kankantar wadannan kwari, tunda wadannan malam buɗe ido suna yin balaguron ƙaura mai girma, la’akari da cewa ba sa tashi sama da tsayin daka, za su iya haye wasu muhimman tafkuna da ke Amurka don samun yanayi mai dumi da suke so. da yawa idan lokacin kaka ya zo, wani abu da yawancin namun daji na duniya ke yi, don barin yankin jin daɗinsu don zuwa wuraren da suka fi dacewa da su.
Kamar dai hakan bai wadatar ba, wannan nau'in nau'in malam buɗe ido suna da yanayi na yanayi a duk rayuwarsu bisa ga wurin da suka sami tsari na metamorphosis, misali waɗanda suka samo asali daga gabashin Amurka ta Arewa suna ƙaura a ƙarshen watan Agusta zuwa Mexico Michoacán. A gare su, wannan wata babbar tafiya ce da za ta iya ɗaukar tsawon watanni 2 inda malam buɗe ido ke tashi sama da kilomita 6000 don ƙarewa a cikin daji. oyamel, bayan wannan kuma idan lokacin bazara ya zo, sai su koma arewa. Yayin da malam buɗe ido da suka ci gaba a yankin yamma, suna ƙaura a lokacin hunturu zuwa gaɓar tekun California, dake cikin Amurka.
Sake bugun
Hanyar da malam buɗe ido ke haifuwa ya ƙunshi matakai biyu waɗanda dole ne a aiwatar da su a lokacin bazara, kafin fara aikin ƙaura na hibernation, a matakin farko, ana kiran shi "aerial" yayin da namiji ya bi. mace kuma ta dauke ta, sannan wannan ya fara matakin “terrestrial” wanda a kasa mazan suke haduwa da ita kuma su tara mace ta hanyar maniyyi. Bayan wannan ya faru, macen ta je gidan kiwo ta sanya ƙwai a cikin tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire. Bayan matakai 4 na metamorphosis sun wuce cikin kusan wata 1, kwai ya riga ya zama malam buɗe ido.
Shin Butterflies na sarauta kwaro ne?
Ganin cewa malam buɗe ido suna aiwatar da hanyoyin ƙaura a cikin manyan swarms, mutane da yawa sun ɗauke su a matsayin kwaro da dole ne su yi yaƙi da su, kodayake wannan tsarin ƙaura ana ɗaukarsa a matsayin "al'amari mai barazana" ta Ƙungiyar Ƙasashen Duniya da Albarkatun Ƙasa da kanta. UICN iri ɗaya, kamar yadda suka ɗauki waɗannan nau'ikan a matsayin "al'amari cikin haɗarin bacewa". Ba abu mai sauƙi ba ne ga waɗannan malam buɗe ido don aiwatar da ayyukan ƙaura a lokacin da yanayi ya yi gaba da su, mafarauta irin su. parakeets har ma da magungunan kashe qwari da mutane ke amfani da su, dole ne ku fahimce su!
Hanyar tsaro na Monarch Butterflies
Wadannan ƙananan malam buɗe ido suna da hanya mai ban sha'awa na kare kansu daga masu cin nama, suna da launi daban-daban dangane da yanayin da suke ciki: rawaya tare da baki lokacin da suke caterpillars, da orange tare da baki lokacin da suke cikin girma, waɗannan launuka suna gargadin su. mafarauta masu guba, wannan tsari na canza launin don faɗakar da mafarautarsu hanya ce da ta samo asali tun shekaru da yawa, tun da yawancin nau'ikan guba suna da launuka masu haske kuma mafarautansu sun riga sun san cewa yana iya zama mummunan ra'ayi don cin su.
Sun fara haɓaka wannan hanyar tsaro tun lokacin da suke cikin lokacin tsutsa, tun da yake suna cin abinci mai yawa na "Asclepias" tsire-tsire, wanda shine tushen tsire-tsire masu guba, duk da haka, ko da yake suna iya kare su daga wasu mafarauta, ba su da cikakkiyar lafiya daga. cewa su ne abincin dare na wasu nau'ikan da ba su da wannan guba kamar wasu tsuntsaye, kauri, tigrillo da wasu. dabbobin daji.