La george Isaac biography Yana da dogon tarihi, wanda a cikinsa ya zama kuma an ba shi matsayi na kasancewa ɗaya daga cikin mahimman bayanai na wakoki da litattafai na Colombia. Marubuci ne wanda ya sadaukar da kansa ga irin salon soyayya da ya rayu a lokacin karfafawar Colombia.
Biography na Jorge Isaac
A cikin tarihin Jorge Isaac Ferrer an gano cewa an haife shi a birnin Cali, Colombia, ranar 1 ga Afrilu, 1837; Iyayensa su ne George Henry Isaacs, wanda Bayahude Bature ne da ya yi hijira zuwa Colombia, mahaifiyarsa kuwa Manuela Ferrer Scarpetta. Yawancin cikakkun bayanai na ƙuruciyarsa ba a san su ba, shi ne ɗa na biyar na iyayensa kuma an gudanar da karatunsa na farko a Cali, sannan a Pompayan kuma a karshe shekaru da yawa, tsakanin 1848 da 1852, a Bogotá.
Iyalinsa sun fuskanci matsalolin tattalin arziki a lokuta daban-daban saboda yakin basasa a lokacin, wanda ya sa Jorge Isaac ya koma Cali ba tare da samun damar kammala karatunsa na sakandare ba. Daga baya ya fara a cikin duniyar siyasa inda ya yi adawa da mulkin kama-karya na José María Melo, kuma a cikin 1854 ya shiga kuma ya yi yaƙi a cikin yakin Cauca na tsawon watanni 7.
A cikin 1856, shekaru biyu bayan haka, ya auri Felisa González Umaña yana da shekaru goma sha tara. Sannan a shekara ta 860 ya sake daukar makamai domin kare gwamnatin Mariano Ospina Rodríguez mai ra'ayin mazan jiya; duk da haka, bayan mutuwar mahaifinsa a shekara ta 1861 ya karbi ragamar kasuwancin iyali, kuma a wannan shekarar ne aka nada shi babban mai kula da ayyukan gine-gine a hanyar Cali zuwa Buenaventura ta Janar Tomás Cipriano de Mosquera.
Yayin da yake gudanar da wadannan ayyuka, sai ya kamu da cutar zazzabin cizon sauro kuma ya fara rubuta wakokinsa na farko a yankin Dagua, ya fara da rubuta wasannin kwaikwayo na tarihi da kuma littafinsa mai suna María, abin tunawa da lokacin farin ciki na kuruciyarsa. Haka nan matsalolin tattalin arzikinsa sun taimaka masa ya sami amsa ga ayyukansa na adabi.
A cikin wannan tsari, a cikin 1864 ya zauna a Bogotá a matsayin ɗan kasuwa, yana samar da mahimman lambobin sadarwa tsakanin mutanen adabi na birni. Ya karanta wakokinsa ga ’yan’uwan “El Mosaico”, kuma suka yanke shawarar ba da kuɗin buga littafin da ake kira Poesías. José María Vergara y Vergara shine wanda ya kaddamar da aikin adabi na Jorge Isaac.
A shekara ta 1867, ma’aikacin buga littattafai na José Benito Gaitán ya buga aikin María, wani labari ne da ya ba Jorge Isaac shahara a duniya. Rikicin tattalin arzikinsa ya ci gaba kuma a wannan lokacin ya kasance mataimakin jam'iyyar masu ra'ayin rikau, kuma ya canza zuwa jam'iyyar masu sassaucin ra'ayi a 1869.
A cikin tarihin rayuwar Jorge Isaac, yana da mahimmanci a nuna cewa yana da matukar sha'awar sabunta tsarin ilimi a matakin kasa da kasa, tare da wannan ya rike mukamai daban-daban da suka shafi koyarwa, kuma ya zo ya fuskanci hukumomin ikilisiyoyin Colombia a cikin kariya ga wanzuwar ilimin jama'a.
Ya rike mukamin karamin jakadan Colombia a kasar Chile, mukamin da aka ba shi a shekarar 1871 kuma yana kasar har zuwa 1873. Sannan ya yanke shawarar komawa Colombia inda ya sadaukar da kansa wajen tsara ilimi a Cali, ya shiga harkokin siyasa. na Cauca kuma ya fara wani mataki na aiki mai yawa, kuma yana shiga cikin yakin Chancos.
Hakazalika, a cikin tarihin Jorge Isaac an bayyana cewa ya rike mukamin babban sufeto na Primary Public Instruction a jihar Caua a shekarar 1875 da kuma a Tolima tsakanin 1883 da 1884. Bugu da kari, ya samu mukamin sakatare na gwamnatin jihar. Cauca da ma'aikatar kudi; Ya kasance mataimaki a cikin Majalisar Wakilai na Cauca kuma ya kasance sama da duka mai kare ka'idodin sassaucin ra'ayi.
A shekara ta 1880 shi da kansa aka nada shi shugaban farar hula da na soja na jihar Antioquia, amma yunkurin juyin juya halin ya ci tura tun da bai samu cikakken goyon baya daga jam'iyyarsa da gwamnati ba, don haka daga nan aka kore shi daga majalisar kuma ya yi watsi da shi. harkokin siyasa, sannan ya tafi ya zauna da iyalinsa a Ibagué.
Sa'an nan a cikin 1881, Rafael Núñez ya nada shi sakatare na Hukumar Kimiyya, kuma ya ci gaba da aiki mai tsanani a matsayin dan kasada, mai hankali da bincike, yana yin tafiye-tafiye daban-daban daga Santafé de Bogotá zuwa jihar Magdalena inda ya sami sababbin bincike game da ma'adanai da kuma ma'adanai. sauran abubuwa; Ya kuma binciko wani bangare na yanayin kasar Colombia yana tafiya ta yankin yamma, hamadar Aracataca kuma ya ziyarci Saliyo Nevada da La Guajira.
Sanin ɗan ƙaramin zurfin zurfin ilimin ɗan adam na Colombia godiya ga tafiye-tafiyensa, ya buga a cikin 1887 wani bincike kan ƙabilun ƴan asalin jihar Magdalena. A cikin wannan tarihin Jorge Isaac za a iya karawa da cewa bayan hutu daga wadannan tafiye-tafiye, ya fara ci gaba da gudanar da su ta hanyar yin sabbin bincike a yankin kudancin Cundinamarca, inda ya gano wasu kogo da ke da ragowar mutane.
A watan Nuwamba 1886 ya gudanar da wasu tafiye-tafiye, amma a wannan karon ta yankunan Seville, Aracataca, Fundación, Montería, da sauransu da yawa, inda ya gano ajiya irin su man fetur da phosphate na lemun tsami. Daga baya, Jorge Isaac ya yi ritaya ya zauna a Ibagué tare da iyalinsa, inda ya mutu a ranar 17 ga Afrilu, 1895, kuma ya kasa kammala dukan littattafan da yake aiki a kai, da Camilo da Fania. Ƙara koyo game da rayuwar wasu marubuta kamar Biography na Parcracio Celdran.
Ginin gini
An yi nuni da cewa tarihin Jorge Isaac ya yi tasiri a cikin shekaru da yawa daga wasu marubuta, wadanda suka kasance masu mahimmanci ga iliminsa, da kuma gabatarwar Baldomero Sanín Cano zuwa Complete Poems na 1920, da aikin Jamus Arciniegas Genius.
Kamar yadda yake a cikin tarihin Jorge Isaac, aikinsa na adabi yana da mafari kuma wannan ya fara ne lokacin da aka buga littafin waqoqinsa a shekara ta 1864, kuma littafinsa tilo mai suna María da aka buga a 1867, ana ɗaukarsa ɗaya daga cikin muhimman ko fitattun ayyukan adabi. na wallafe-wallafen Latin Amurka na karni na XNUMX.
Littafin littafin Jorge Isaac ya dogara ne akan abubuwan soyayya daban-daban, an nutsar da su cikin kyakkyawan sautin kuma yana ba da cikakken labarin munanan labaran soyayya na María da ɗan uwanta Efraín. Wannan shi ne yadda a cikin watan Mayu na shekara ta 1867 wannan mashahurin ya bayyana a cikin birnin Bogotá, wani labari wanda ya samu nasara nan take, wanda dole ne mu yi fiye da ashirin da bugu a duk tsawon karni na XIX.
Bayan wannan layi na ra'ayoyin, wannan wani labari ne da masu sukar adabi na kowane zamani suka san shi, kuma sun sanya shi a matsayin mafi kyawun littafin soyayya a Latin Amurka, wanda ya ba tarihin Jorge Isaac matsayi mai kyau da matsayi mai mahimmanci a tarihin adabi. na duniya litattafai.
A cikin jigon novel María, akwai haruffa guda biyu, Efraín da María, waɗanda suka zauna tare na tsawon watanni da yawa, amma bayan wani lokaci Efraín dole ne ya bar kwarin kuma ya tafi Landan don kammala karatunsa kuma ya ci gaba da karatunsa. wanda ya tilasta masa ya rabu da 'yar uwarsa María, wadda ke da matukar soyayya da ita.
Sa’ad da Efraín ya dawo daga wannan tafiyar da ta haifar da rabuwar ƙauna mai girma, bayan shekaru shida, María ta mutu. Ba tare da wata shakka ba aiki ne da za a iya yin nazari daga ra'ayoyi daban-daban, wasu masu sukar sun tabbatar da cewa wani labari ne a rayuwa ta ainihi ta Jorge Isaac, kuma cewa halin María shine ainihin María Mercedes Cabal wanda ke zaune a cikin hacienda « El Paraíso» kuma wanda daga baya ya zama matar shugaban kasar Manuel María Mallarino.
Bi da bi, za a iya la'akari da littafin a matsayin mafari ga littafin Creole wanda ya fito tsakanin shekarun 1920 zuwa 1930, kuma bayan lokaci an fassara shi zuwa harsuna 31. Don haka da ma fiye da haka, a Colombia da kuma a yawancin ƙasashen Latin Amurka, Jorge Isaac ya zama sanannen mutum, wanda ya sa ya shiga cikin aikin jarida da siyasa. A matsayin ɗan jarida, ya jagoranci a cikin 1867 jaridar La República, inda aka buga labarai kan al'amuran siyasa.
A cikin littafinsa María, haƙiƙanin gaskiya da soyayyar rubutunsa suna da ban sha'awa, waɗannan igiyoyin wallafe-wallafen guda biyu ne waɗanda koyaushe suna hulɗa a cikin aikin. Halin halin soyayya yana dogara ne akan abin da ya gabata da kuma abin da ya gabata, kuma a cikin halin yanzu na biyu wanda ke nufin hakikanin gaskiya, ya gabatar da halaye da yawa na littafin Hispano-Amurka kuma ana lura da binciken yanayin Amurka.
