Aymaras wata al'umma ce ta asali da aka kafa a yankuna daban-daban na Andean na Kudancin Amurka, wani abu na musamman game da su shine alamar su a cikin tutar Wiphala. Saboda haka, kada ku rasa damar da za ku koyi ta wannan labarin, komai game da Tutar Aymara da abin da ke kewaye da shi.
Menene tutar Aymara Wiphala kuma menene yake wakilta?
Wiphala tuta ce kuma ma'anar wannan ita ce cikakkiyar ma'anar ra'ayi, menene idan kun tabbata cewa wannan alamar tana wakiltar imani game da asalin rayuwa da kuma duniyar Andean kabilun Kudancin Amurka, wanda aka kafa a Bolivia da Peru, amma kuma wani ɓangare na waɗannan garuruwan na iya kasancewa a cikin Chile, Argentina da Ecuador.
Zayyana wannan tuta ta kasance da murabba’i 49 (7×7), wadda aka raba ta da launuka daban-daban guda 7, wasu na nuni da cewa tana wakiltar bakan da ke fitowa a lokacin da hasken rana ke ratsa ruwan sama; Dole ne a jaddada cewa Rana ita ce mafi mahimmancin wakilcin mutanen Andean na Kudancin Amirka.
Har ila yau, wannan tuta ta ƙunshi muhimman dabi'u guda biyu na 'yan asalin yankin Andean: ka'idar aiki na duniya (Pachakama) da Uwar Duniya (Pachamama), wanda ya ƙunshi wuri, lokaci, iko da duniya, shi ya sa. ma'anar Wiphala gaba ɗaya ce. Hakanan, wannan alamar tana da alaƙa da ƙimar tallafi, 'yan uwantaka da al'umma.
Wannan tuta tana da bambance-bambance daban-daban, duk da haka, wanda aka fi sani da wannan ita ce wadda ke da diagonal farar ratsin shuɗi a tsakiyarta, alamar mutanen ƙasar da kuma alamar tsayin daka. Duk da haka, ya kamata a ambata cewa waɗannan garuruwa, kamar yadda aka ambata a sama, suna da bambance-bambancen 4 na wannan, inda aka rarraba ratsi masu launi a cikin matsayi daban-daban. Don haka, kamar yadda kowane yanki yana da nasa Wiphala mai launi daban-daban a tsakiyarsa, waɗannan sune:
- antisuyo: Yana da koren tsiri.
- Cuntisuyo: Yana da ratsi rawaya.
- collasuyo: Yana da dila a cikin Fari.
- chinchaysuyo: yana da tsiri a launin ja.
Asalin da Amfanin Tutar Aymara
Asalin tarihin wiphala gaba ɗaya ba a san shi ba. Duk da haka, an san cewa abubuwa masu mahimmanci na zane na wipala sun wanzu tun kafin zamanin Columbia, a cikin al'ummomin da ke da alaƙa da Incas ko 'yan asalin da ke zaune a yankunan Andean na Kudancin Amirka.
Wannan tsohuwar al’umma ba ta da masaniya game da menene tuta, duk da haka, sun zo ne don yin amfani da nau’in alamu ko alamu, kuma sai da Mutanen Espanya suka isa waɗannan ƙasashe ne aka gabatar da abin da ake kira tuta.
Yana da mahimmanci a nuna cewa za'a iya lura da zane na Wiphala a cikin fasaha na asali da kuma a cikin fasaha na mazauna, wanda ke nuna kasancewar a cikin tufafi da sauran kayan aikin da aka nuna zane na wiphala. Daga cikin waɗannan abubuwan da aka samo, muna iya ambaton waɗannan abubuwa:
- Wani abu mai siffar tuta a cikin wani kabari mai shekaru 800 a yankin Chanqay, wanda ke tsakiyar gabar tekun Peru.
- Wiphala mai launi akan dutse, dake cikin yankin da ake kira Wantirani, a yankin Qppakati Manko Kapajk a La Paz – Bolivia.
- Wiphala kusa da yadudduka a Koroma tun daga zamanin mulkin mallaka, a cikin yankin Quijarro a cikin Potosí - Bolivia.
Duk da wannan tsari da aka yi amfani da shi a zamanin da kuma har yanzu mutanen Aymara suna kiyaye shi, sai a shekara ta 1970 ne amfani da wannan tuta ya fara yaduwa a mafi yawan al'ummar Andean da kuma duniya baki daya. Hakan ya faru ne saboda gangami da zanga-zangar da kungiyoyin manoma na asali suka yi a kasar Bolivia a wannan lokacin.
Don haka, a cikin shekara ta 1987, ƙungiyar masu bincike sun fara aikin bincike da bincika alamomin al'adun Tahuantinsuyo, da kuma bayanan da suka nuna kasancewar wiphala da ci gaban; Ta wannan bincike ne aka san bambance-bambancen wannan tuta da aka ambata a sama.
Bugu da ƙari, ana iya ambata cewa asalin kalmar Wiphala ya samo asali ne daga Wiphay (wanda shine muryar nasara) da kuma laphaqi (wanda aka fahimta a matsayin magudanar wani abu mai lalacewa a cikin iska), maganganu guda biyu na yaren Aymara.
Tutar Aymara ko wiphala, bisa ga al'adun Andean, dole ne a daga shi a cikin dukkan al'amuran zamantakewa da al'adu na waɗannan al'ummomi kamar:
- Tarukan 'yan uwa na Ayllu.
- A cikin aure, haihuwa, Andean baftisma, jana'izar, da sauransu.
Haka nan, ana amfani da wannan a cikin manyan bukukuwa a cikin bukukuwa da al'adun gari, kamar haka:
- Alamar aiki.
- Wasan Wallunk'a a wasannin nishadi da gasa Atipasina.
- Kwanakin tarihi kamar bikin shanu.
- Isar da umarnin hukuma a kowane lokaci.
Ana kuma amfani da ita wajen raye-raye da raye-raye, kamar a cikin bukukuwan Anatá ko Pujllay. Don haka, kamar a ƙarshen ginin, ko dai na gida ko wani gini da aka kafa a garin.
Launukan tutar Aymara da ma'anarsu
Bayan haka, an bayyana ma'anar launukan tutar Aymara, wanda gaba dayansa ke nuni da daidaito da zaman lafiya a wadannan garuruwa, wadannan su ne:
- Rojo: shine duniya kuma yana nuna alamar kalmar Andean mutum, ci gaban hankali da ilimin sararin samaniya.
- Orange: ya ƙunshi abin da ke al'umma da al'adu, don haka yana wakiltar bayyanar al'adu, kiyayewa da samar da dan Adam; shi ne kiwon lafiya da magani, horarwa da ilimi, al'adun matasa 'yan kasuwa.
- Amarillo: shi ne makamashi da iko, bayyanar da tushe na dabi'a, shine hikimar Pachakama da Pachamama: duality, ka'idoji da dokoki, ƙwarewar haɗin gwiwar 'yan uwantaka da goyon bayan ɗan adam.
- White: lokaci ne da tunani, shi ne bayyanar ci gaba da ci gaba da ci gaba na al'umma a kan Andes, juyin halitta na kimiyya da fasaha, fasaha, fasaha da fasaha wanda ke haifar da wasiƙa da jituwa a cikin kungiyar Social.
- Verde: yana wakiltar tattalin arzikin Andean da samarwa, dukiyar da ke cikin ƙasa da ƙasa, flora da fauna waɗanda ke da kyauta.
- Azul: sararin samaniya mara iyaka, shine bayyanar ƙungiyoyin taurari da al'amuran halitta.
- Violet: Siyasa Andean da tunani na yanzu shine bayyanar da yanki mai jituwa na Andes; kayan aikin Jiha a matsayin babbar hukuma, cibiyoyin zamantakewa, al'adu da tattalin arziki, jagoranci da gudanar da al'umma da kasa.
Gefen tuta da murabba'i na ciki suna kiyaye daidaitaccen ma'auni, yana nuni ga daidaito da haɗin kai a cikin yawan mutanen Andean. Bugu da ƙari, akwai hanyoyi daban-daban don fahimtar tutar; Don haka, ba wai kawai an yi amfani da shi azaman lamba ba amma har ma azaman kalanda na sama. Bugu da kari, murabba'in cikin gida na Wiphala zai wakilci mahimman abubuwan 5 na al'ummar Andean:
- Kada ku zama kasala
- kada ku yi karya
- Kar a yi sata
- Kada ku kashe
- ba su da munanan halaye
Wiphala yau
Akwai kasashe da yawa da za a iya baje kolin wannan tutar Aymara, kamar a duk Bolivia da Peru, a lardunan arewacin Argentina da Chile, zuwa yammacin Paraguay da wasu sassan kudancin Ecuador.
A Bolivia, musamman a cikin A shekara ta 2008, gwamnatin Bolivia a karkashin gwamnatin Evo Morales ta amince da tutar kasar Aymara a matsayin alamar wannan kasa, shi ya sa ake iya ganin ta ko da a bainar jama'a, ilimi da sauran cibiyoyi. Wannan yawanci yana rakiyar tutar wannan ƙasa mai kala uku ta Andean da aka ɗaga ta hagu.
A Chile, a cikin gundumar Alto Hospico, ta ayyana gundumar jama'a, ƙungiyar ta yanke shawarar amincewa da Wiphala a matsayin alama na gundumar, wanda dole ne a ɗaga shi da tutar ƙasa da tutar birni; Wannan ganewa ya kawo kafuwar jiki don al'amuran cikin gida.
A Argentina, wannan tuta galibi ana kiranta da "tutar al'ummomin ƴan asalin" kuma wasu al'ummomi (da ke da nisa da alaƙa da al'adun Aymara), sun yarda da ita a matsayin alamarsu.
A wurare da dama, ana amfani da Wiphala a matsayin alamar tsayin daka da nuna rashin amincewa a gwagwarmayar neman 'yancin jama'ar Amirka.
Idan kun sami wannan labarin a kan Tutar Aymara mai ban sha'awa, muna gayyatar ku ku ji daɗin waɗannan wasu: