Americana littafi ne na Don DeLillo, littafin Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie ya ƙare a h, Amerikaanah, kuma, a gaskiya, ba ya kai ga tafin wannan. Don DeLillo, shugaba? tasiri na David Foster Wallace. Don DeLillo, marubucin tarihin al'ummar Amurka wanda, tare da Philip Roth, Karin Pynchon y Cormac mccarthy, ya kammala tawagar Manyan Littattafan Littattafai guda hudu da rai a ra'ayin Harold ya yi fure, Babban Mai sukar Adabi na zamaninmu (ya rasu a shekarar 2019) ko kuma mai sukar adabi na ƙarshe.
Index
Binciken na Americanada Don Dello
Idan waƙoƙi daga "Babban Littafin Novel na Amirka" sun yi sauti tare da Libertad da Jonathan Franken, Americana wani dan takara ne mai adalci a wannan tseren karshe da babu shi.
"Tun yaushe kina zaune anan Jennifer?"
A watan Oktoba zai kasance shekaru biyu.
- Ginin haya mai iyaka ne?
-Dawuda, kafin ka so ni, ka yi mini alkawari cewa za ka sake kirana.
Don DeLillo, wani abu mai mahimmanci, ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda aka kira don tsayayya da ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya lokacin da littattafan kawai suka rage nasa. Kuma akwai marubuta da yawa cewa mutum ya karanta dan lokaci kadan da muka bari kuma da yawa kuma da sauri wanda ya riga ya tafi, wanda dole ne in furta da haskakawa, megaphone a hannu, cewa tare da Americana Na ji kamar wata ‘yar shekara sittin da haihuwa ta fara fara jin daɗin naman da ba a ci ba, kuma kamar mai cin ganyayyakin da ya tuba ya koma kan tafarkin hankali, farin cikin da ba zato ba tsammani da kusan mantawa da shi na gano wani sabon abu, salo. ingantacciyar orgy tare da wanda nake fatan haduwa da shi daga baya tare da Kasan duniya, Mao II y Libra, kuma ba a cikin littafinsa na farko ba, wanda Seix Barral ya sake fitowa a cikin 2013.
Cover of Americana, na Don DeLillo
Americana farawa kamar kowane babi Mad Men (Ofisoshin shayar da barasa, liyafa da lokacin kyauta) kuma ya ƙare a A hanya de kerouac, tare da dan kankanin sa Easy Rider a tsakiyar, ba a yi sosai ba kuma ba tare da hodar iblis da LSD ba, amma cike da wuski, manyan hanyoyi zuwa Amurka na ciki, gamuwa da ƙanana da ƙananan garuruwa da Kyakkyawar alkyabbar sa na rashin yanke ƙauna na wanzuwar wanzuwa ya shafi duniyar jin daɗi da kuɗi wanda kowane Ba'amurke (da mazaunan duniya kyauta) Gudu a cikin layi madaidaiciya kuma tare da makafi; wata irin wanzuwar da, yanzu da ya samu, David Bell ya musanta.
Americana y American Psycho
Shin gini ne mai iyaka? David Bell ya sake maimaita duk wannan Amalgam na lakabi'un, alamu da rarrabuwa tare da abin da duniya ta zamani take (da kuma wanda duniyar zamani ke tursasa su/mu tun daga shimfiɗar jariri sosai) don aiwatar da wancan bincike na yau da kullun na matsayi da ingancin kayan abin da mu, ya ku mutane masu kamuwa da cuta, muna ba da lokaci har sai kabari ya shirya.
American Psycho wari Ba'amurke A cikin wannan tunawa da yadda kwanakin kuruciyarsa suka kasance kafin da kuma bayan juyin juya halin da rayuwarsa ta sana'a za ta dauka yana da shekaru 28. Da gaske David Bell ya sake yin karatun jami'a inda ya yi karatu, da kuma abin da Venenito ke tunani game da kafafun kwadi da suke hidima a wannan gidan cin abinci wanda ya ba da shawarar sosai kuma, duk da komai, yana ci gaba da yin tambayoyi, yana ci gaba da son sanin yawan kuɗin da yake samu cetanito da pelenito, shekarun felenito ko perenito. (ya damu da lambobi kuma, musamman, tare da kasancewa ƙarami a cikin abokan aikinsa). Americana An buga shi a cikin 1971, shekaru 20 kafin Psychowararrun Amurkawa.
Bell wani hali ne mai ban sha'awa kuma na gargajiya Don DeLillo. Ya yi cikakken bayani game da ajin, launi da nau'in suturar da yake sawa a kowane lokaci, kuma yana adana bayanai kamar yadda, a lokacin zawarcinsa mai nisa, ya rubuta wa tsohuwar matarsa da zanen Venus 4B. fensir. Kamar gaske komai wani abu.
Cover of Americana, na Don DeLillo
Abin da ya bambanta shi da sauran injin-maza masu kwafi kuma ya sa ya dace da tauraro a cikin littafi a matsayin Americana shi ne David Bell ya sani sarai cewa bangon injinan sa na ciki suna cike da ƙazanta da guba.. Shi mutum ne mai son kai da kuma sukar laka na ramukan wanzuwar da ya shafe tsawon wadannan shekaru kuma daga nan ne zai yanke shawarar wanke kansa a kashi na biyu na littafin, bangaren. tafiya hanya
“Dalilin da kafafen yada labarai ke yi shi ne ke ciyar da da’irar mafarkina. Mutum yana tunanin amsawa. Mutum yana tunanin hoton da aka gina a cikin hoto da kamannin hotuna. Haka abin ya kasance mai sarkakiya."
Ba daidaituwa ba ne DeLillo ya ba wa jaruminsa aiki a matsayin mai ƙirƙira akan hanyar sadarwar talabijin. Tare da laka na wanzuwar hollowness na zo in duba burodi + circus; zuwa wancan injin, wanda a tsayin shekarun 70 a Amurka ya riga ya kasance cikin kyakkyawan yanayin aiki mai gogewa, wanda binomial ya kafa. mafarki + tv.
Ƙididdigar Fasaha ta Marshall McLuhan
Littafin labari ya zurfafa cikin tasiri da tasirin celluloid da cathode radiation akan buri da yadda ake aiwatar da mutane ta hanyar Marshall McLuhan. Eh mutum, dattijon dattijon da ke cikin jerin gwanon fim daga Annie Hall ("Abokai, da rayuwa ta kasance haka!"). Shekaru uku kafin a buga Americana, Marshall McLuhan yayi nazari a cikin nasa Fahimtar Media game da mahimmancin fasaha wajen canza halayen mutane.
Technological determinism aka technological determinism aka "Matsakaici shine sakon” aka sani cewa wannan ‘yar karamar wayar da kake shafa yatsan hannunka a cikin irin wannan simian, baya ga ba ka damar sake yin retwet na wadanda suka sake turowa naka, yana kara yin shiru sosai a lokacin cin abinci na iyali, babonka yana fuskantar fuska. afkuwa yayin da kuke tafiya da kuma damar da za ku yi wa wannan madaidaicin lankwasa wanda shi ma ke tuno muku da bacin rai da kallon jiran da dogaro da jerin mabiyansa da ambatonsa. Matsakaici shine sakon.
Cover of Americana, na Don DeLillo
Ƙididdigar fasaha: yadda abin da ake kira ci gaba yana daidaita hulɗar mu da muhalli. Misali mai daɗi (kuma an ɗauke shi zuwa matsananci) a shafi na 56 game da tsohuwar matarsa:
"Fina-finan Birtaniyya na lokacin sun rinjayi Meredith sosai. Ya noma wani irin rashin tabbas nasa. Wani lokaci ta kan tafiya tare da ni kuma ta kan bar hannuna ba zato ba tsammani don shiga cikin jerin abubuwan ban mamaki. Idan muka je cefane sai ta rika satar abubuwa, kayan banza daya zuwa biyu, ta boye su a karkashin rigarta tana wasa da yadda take ciki.
Akwai da yawa Nabokov a Don DeLillo yanzu da na yi tunani game da shi, a cikin wannan cikakken m rashin tausayi.
A wani lokaci, mun ga wata tsohuwa tana sayar da furanni a Central Park. Merry ya nemi in saya dozin biyu na chrysanthemums, sannan ya jagorance ni zuwa ga karamar gada a kudu maso gabas na farfajiyar. Mun tsaya a kan gada kuma muka jefa furanni a cikin ruwa daya bayan daya yayin da agwagi ke kewaye da hazo mai violet. Komai ya kasance a wurin, ban da sautin sauti, kuma zan iya tunanin jerin yankewa da raguwar raguwar da dole ne su faru a cikin tunanin Merry. "
Kuma a cikin 58, don gamawa: "Wani lokaci na dawo gida a makare, sai na tarar da ita zaune a kasa, sanye da hula kuma tana ƙoƙarin rubuta takarda. haiku. Ya yi mini zafi don sanin cewa ta yi waɗannan abubuwan ko da ita kaɗai ce.”
Cover of Americana, na Don DeLillo
Don DeLillo, mai zanen hoto na ilimin halin ɗan adam na ƙasa
Ko a cikin manyan ofisoshi na New York ko a kan titin kura mai shiru, yanayin da ake ciki shine na wasan zaga-zage na mutuwa na ban tsoro wanda ke tattare da mugayen halaye., gurbatattu da rugujewa, wadanda suke mafarkin wani abin koyi na wanzuwar da ke tafiya kusa da dala da kuma sanin su, ba tare da sanin cewa mafi ingancin rayuwarsu ba shine hayaniyar bleats da suke furtawa.
Akwai qarya da yawa a fuskarki (kamar “numfashinki baya wari”) da bayanki (wannan gayu ne, novel nake rubutawa, jiya nayi da wannan), munafurcin dakin taro da dangantakar da ba a tsara ta ba kuma ta samo asali daga wani ma'auni, mafi ban mamaki duka: mafarkai + lokaci = gaskiya. Sha'awa: babban hali, mafi hauka shi ne. Americana Yana cike da sake karantawa.
Misali: A shafi na 98, David Bell ya tattauna da wani abokin aikin sa wanda ya gayyace shi cin abincin rana kwatsam saboda ya ce ya ji abubuwa masu kyau game da shi (game da Bell). Sa'an nan kuma, digression:
- "A hanyar sadarwar, mutane sun yi rayuwarsu suna gaya wa wasu cewa sun ji abubuwa masu kyau game da su.
- Ya kasance wani ɓangare na shirin na yau da kullun na nuna son kai wanda ya mamaye kamfanin. Kuma tun da yake ayyukanmu, bisa ga dabi'a, sun dogara ne ga madaidaicin dabaru na salon, ranar ko da yaushe ta zo lokacin da mai bishara ya zama mai karɓa.
- Ba dade ko ba jima, kowannenmu ya zama abin salo a cikinsa; babu wanda bai ji dadin zagayowar daukakarsa na mako-mako ba. Binciken Richter Janes ya nuna cewa muna iya kasancewa a farkon mahaukaciyar David Bell.
- Richter da kansa ya kasance mai salo 'yan watanni kafin haka; Yayin zagawar da yake yi, wanda ya ɗauki kusan mako guda, mutane sukan shiga ofishina ko kuma su zo wurina a cikin falon gida tare da wasu lokuta don yin tsokaci game da kyakkyawan aiki da Richter Jones yake yi, waɗanne abubuwa masu ban al’ajabi da suka ji game da shi, da kuma yadda suke yi. A wannan safiya, an aika da wasu daga cikinsu zuwa gare shi.”
Tattaunawar agile, raha mai hankali da baƙar fata. Tsarin bindiga na gajeren jumla na DeLillo da wayo na musamman na Bell, rashin mutuntawa da girman kai (mai farin ciki, tsayi da "Girkanci" sun fuskanta, rabin Don Draper rabin Peter Campbell (saurayi mai kishi kuma mai tsananin buri daga Mad Men) ya sa babu ko daya. lokacin hutu a kashi na farko na littafin, kafin ya zama balaguron hanya kuma ya sami sautin nishadi da tunani.
Cover of Americana, na Don DeLillo
David Bell ya shiga Amurka
A rangadin da ya yi a cikin kasar, wannan mashahurin abin sha'awa tare da allon yana nunawa a cikin irin nau'in "Ma'aikatan Godfather" waɗanda ke cin zarafin Alvy Singer ("Wannan mutumin yana kan talabijin!") ta hanyar faretin mutanen da suke nunawa. mamaki ba don David Bell ya gaya musu cewa yana yin fim ba, amma saboda sauƙin gaskiyar cewa yana ɗauke da ƙaramin kyamarar gida, lamarin da har ma a shafi na 291 wasu mazauna garin suka tsayar da motar "da birki" don tambaya game da tukunyar.
Tare da uzurin tafiya yamma da mota don wani shirin gaskiya game da ajiyar Navajo Indiya, Bell ya shiga wani lokaci mai zurfi wanda ake buƙatar harbin gaggawa. wani abu A hanya, gwajin na'urar gani da sauti wanda kawai ya sani dole ne ya kasance game da abubuwan da ya faru a baya, wanda kuma zai yi amfani da shi a matsayin ƴan wasan kwaikwayo mutanen da ya sadu da su cikin sauƙi.
Yayin da littafin ya ci gaba, labarin ya ci gaba da tafiya daga yanzu. yana ƙara digression kuma yana rage wannan tsaro na granite wanda Bell ya yi mamaki a farkon: "Duk abin da na shiga a cikinsa kawai wata kasada ce ta adabi, yunƙuri ne na nemo jigogi da samfura, don mayar da wani abu na daji ya zama wani labari mai ban tsoro game da jigon ruhin al'umma."
Kuma, ta hanya, daga ainihin ransa.
Americana Yana farawa a matsayin wasa mai ban sha'awa mai cike da al'amuran da aka dafa har sai da wani layi na gaskiya zai ƙare har ya zama abin ƙyama. Wasan yana ɗaukar sa'o'i 24 a rana, kwana 365 a shekara, ya mamaye duk tsibirin Manhattan, kuma masu sauraro masu godiya da rashin buƙata suna kallo kuma suna yin su, gami da mai hankali da tunani David Bell wanda ya lura cewa ya fara gajiya da Shirin. .
Sannan novel din ya koma wani abu daban. Ƙararrawar a ƙarshen ba ta da alaƙa da kararrawa a farkon. Da nisa daga New York, ba mu san shi ba, mun san shi, kuma an san shi. An cire shi daga yankin jin daɗinsa da wuraren gama gari, kuma ya fuskanci guguwar jin daɗi da rikodin fim ɗin tarihin rayuwarsa ya tayar da hankali, Bell ya sami kansa ba shi da taimako. A karon farko a rayuwarsa, Bell ya bayyana kansa.
Don DeLillo, Amurka
Fassarar Gian Castelli
Seix Barral, Barcelona 2013 (An buga a 1971)
shafi 502 | Yuro 23