Lokacin da muke magana game da rukunin dabbobi na nau'in dabbobi masu rarrafe, muna magana ne akan nau'ikan dabbobin wannan nau'in. A cikin wannan labarin za mu yi bayani game da kowane nau'i na dabbobi masu rarrafe kuma za mu yi magana kadan game da rarrabuwar wannan nau'in. Don haka, ina gayyatar ku ku ci gaba da karanta talifi na gaba.
Halaye masu rarrafe
Dabbobi masu rarrafe, kamar yadda muka ambata a baya, rukuni ne na dabbobi da ke da nau'ikan iri iri-iri. Daga cikin wannan babban bambancin za mu iya samun kadangaru, macizai, kunkuru har ma da kada. Ana iya samun irin wannan nau'in dabba a ƙasa da ruwa, wanda zai iya zama gishiri, teku, ko sabo; kamar koguna, tabkuna, da sauransu. Ana iya samun dabbobi masu rarrafe suna zaune a cikin dazuzzukan wurare masu zafi, filayen ciyayi, hamada har ma da wurare mafi sanyi da ake iya samu a duniyar.
Siffofin da za su ayyana irin wannan nau'in nau'in dabba shine abin da ya jagorance su kuma ya ba su damar zama mai girma iri-iri na halittu. Na gaba, za mu daki-daki mafi kyawun halaye waɗanda dabbobi masu rarrafe ke da su kuma waɗanda suka sanya su irin waɗannan halittu masu ban mamaki:
Sake bugun
Wannan nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i)) wanda ke cikin wannan rukuni na dabbobi. Da wannan muna nufin suna yin ƙwai, amma akwai wasu keɓancewa inda suke ovoviviparous, ma'ana wasu macizai suna haihuwar 'ya'yansu cikakke. Amma game da hadi, koyaushe zai kasance a ciki. Za a siffanta ƙwai da samun harsashi mai wuya ko ma kamar takarda. Amma ga bangaren haihuwa na mata, wato, ovaries, za a same su "suna iyo" a cikin rami na ciki. Wadannan kuma suna da wani tsari mai suna Müllerian duct wanda zai boye harsashin kwai.
Fata
Ɗaya daga cikin halayen da suka fi fice a cikin wannan nau'in dabba shine cewa a cikin waɗannan babu glandan mucosa a cikin fata don kare shi, kawai za su sami ma'aunin epidermal. Ana iya samun waɗannan ma'auni a cikin fata ta hanyoyi daban-daban; kamar gefe da gefe, overlapping da sauran nau'ikan shimfidawa. Wadannan ma'auni za su ba ka damar barin yankin wayar hannu a tsakanin su, wannan yanki da aka sani da hinges, wannan zai ba ka damar yin motsi.
Ƙarƙashin waɗannan ma'auni na epidermal masu ban sha'awa, za mu sami ma'auni na kasusuwa da aka sani da osteoderm, wanda zai yi aiki wanda zai ba da damar fata su zama mafi ƙarfi. Lokacin da wannan nau'in dabba ya zubar da fata, ba za a yi shi a cikin ƙananan ƙananan ba amma, akasin haka, zai kasance a cikin guda ɗaya, "nau'in riga". Wannan kawai zai shafi sashin epidermal na fatar ku.
Tsarin numfashi
Idan muka yi nazari game da halayen waɗannan amphibians za mu lura cewa numfashin su zai kasance ta hanyar fata kuma huhu zai zama ɗan septate. Ta wannan muna nufin, ba za su sami ƙofofin da yawa don musayar iskar gas ba. Lokacin da muke magana game da dabbobi masu rarrafe, a gefe guda, wannan rabuwar za ta karu, wannan shine abin da zai sa su haifar da wani hayaniya lokacin numfashi. Wannan na ƙarshe yana faruwa akai-akai a cikin dukkan ɗigo har ma a cikin kada. Wata siffa da za ta yi fice a cikin dabbobi masu rarrafe ita ce, za a ratsa huhunsu da wani nau’in magudanar ruwa da ke dauke da sunan mesobronchus, wanda zai yi bifurcations inda za a yi musayar iskar gas.
Tsarin jini
Amma ga zuciyarsu, tare da babban bambanci tsakanin dabbobi masu shayarwa ko tsuntsaye, dabbobi masu rarrafe za su sami ventricle ɗaya kawai. Yawancin lokaci waɗannan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan suna fara raguwa, amma a cikin nau'in kada na wannan rukunin dabbobi ne kawai ventricle ya tashi. Bugu da ƙari, a cikin wannan nau'in zuciya za ta kasance da tsari mai siffar rami wanda zai dauki sunan ramin Paniza.
Wannan tsarin zai ba da damar ɓangaren dama na zuciya don haɗawa da sashin hagu. Baya ga wannan aikin da aka riga aka yi bayani, za mu iya samun wani aikin da ke ba da damar mai rarrafe su “sake sarrafa” jininsa a lokacin da dabbar ke karkashin ruwa kuma ba ta so ko ba ta iya zuwa sama ta sha iska. Wannan yana ɗaya daga cikin halayen dabbobi masu rarrafe waɗanda ke da fa'ida sosai a gare su.
Tsarin narkewa
Idan muka yi magana game da tsarin narkewar abinci na wannan nau'in dabba, muna iya cewa yana kama da na dabbobi masu shayarwa. Wannan tsarin zai fara ne da baki, wanda mai yiwuwa ko ba shi da hakora, sai kuma magudanar ruwa, ciki, da karamin hanji (wanda yake gajere sosai a cikin wadancan dabbobi masu rarrafe masu cin nama) daga karshe kuma babbar hanjin da za ta zube cikin “nutse”. Ku sani cewa wannan nau'in dabba, masu rarrafe, ba sa tauna abincinsu. Wannan shine dalilin da ya sa nau'in nau'in nau'in da za su ci nama suna samar da adadi mai yawa na acid a cikin hanyar narkewa.
Wannan acid zai ba su damar narkewa, wanda shine dalilin da ya sa wannan tsari zai iya wuce kwanaki da yawa. Wani lamari mai ban sha'awa game da halayen dabbobi masu rarrafe shi ne cewa wasu daga cikin wadannan nau'ikan suna cin duwatsu masu girma dabam, wannan zai ba su damar murkushe abinci lokacin da suke cikin ciki. Wannan bayanan shine sakamakon binciken da aka gudanar don sanin tsarin narkewar ku.
Hakanan muna iya ambaton ɗaya daga cikin halayen dabbobi masu rarrafe waɗanda ke da haƙora masu guba. Za mu iya ambaton macizai a matsayin misali har ma da nau'in lizard guda 2 na dangin Helodermatids da ke Mexico. Wadannan nau'o'in kadangaru guda biyu, waɗanda ke da alaƙa da kasancewa masu guba, za su gabatar da wasu glandan salivary da aka sani da sunan Durvernoy. Suna da tsagi guda biyu don samun damar samar da wani abu mai guba wanda zai hana ganima. Waɗannan haƙoran jijiyoyi sun kasu kashi iri-iri, waɗanda su ne:
Haƙoran da ba a taɓa gani ba: waɗanda ke da alaƙa da kasancewa ba tare da tashar ba. Sannan akwai hakoran ido, wadanda ke bayan baki, wadanda suke da tashar da gubar ke ratsawa. Haƙoran ido, ana samun su, kamar nau'in haƙoran ƙarshe, a bayan baki, kuma suna da tashar da guba ke wucewa. Hakora protoroglyphic waɗanda ke cikin ɓangaren gaba kuma suna da tashar. A ƙarshe amma ba kalla mun sami haƙoran solenoglyphic, waɗannan haƙoran za a same su ne kawai a cikin vipers. Wadannan hakora za su kasance suna da alamun da ke da jagoran ciki, kuma suna da ikon yin gaba da baya, an dauke su da guba.
Jijiya
Dole ne mu tuna cewa, ko da yake a zahiri tsarin juyayi na wannan nau'in yana daidai da tsarin juyayi na dabbobi masu shayarwa, na dabbobi masu rarrafe suna da'awar zama na farko. Misalin wannan shine kwakwalwar dabbobi masu rarrafe, wannan ba zai gabatar da wani juyin juya hali ba, shine ake kiran wadancan ramukan kwakwalwa na yau da kullun. Wadannan za su yi aiki don haɓaka saman ba tare da faɗakar da hemispheres guda biyu ba, wannan ya fi ci gaba sosai kamar yadda maɗaurin ido.
Yawancin bincike sun nuna wani nau'i na musamman a cikin halayen dabbobi masu rarrafe, wanda shine cewa wannan nau'in yana da ido na uku, wanda zai zama mai karɓar haske. Wannan mai karɓa zai sadarwa tare da glandar pineal, wanda zai kasance a cikin kwakwalwar dabbobi masu rarrafe.
Tsarin cirewa
Dabbobi masu rarrafe, da kuma nau’in dabbobi, za su samu koda guda biyu wadanda ke da alhakin yin fitsari da tace duk wani guba daga cikinsa. Wadannan dabbobi za su sami mafitsara wanda zai adana fitsari sannan kuma ya kawar da shi ta abin da ake kira "cloaca". Amma akwai keɓancewa a cikin wannan nau'in, inda ba su da mafitsara, amma maimakon adana fitsari, za su kawar da kai tsaye ta hanyar "cloaca". Wannan yana ɗaya daga cikin ƙananan sanannun halayen dabbobi masu rarrafe kuma shine batun bincike da yawa.
Saboda hanyar yin fitsari, an yi la'akari da cewa waɗannan dabbobi masu rarrafe na ruwa za su samar da ammonia fiye da na al'ada. Amma wannan za a narke ne saboda ruwan da suke sha kusan akai-akai, don haka tarinsa ba mai guba ba ne ga irin wannan nau'in tunda an kawar da shi nan da nan. Amma idan ana maganar dabbobi masu rarrafe a doron ƙasa, da ƙarancin samun ruwa, suna da ikon canza ammonia zuwa abin da aka sani da uric acid, wanda ba ya buƙatar diluted. A saboda haka ne fitsari a cikin dabbobi masu rarrafe na duniya ya fi yawa, pasty da fari a launi.
Abincin
Wani nau'in nau'in dabbobi masu rarrafe da za mu iya magana game da wannan nau'in dabba shi ne cewa suna iya zama masu ciyawa ko masu cin nama. Dangane da dabbobi masu rarrafe, suna da hakora masu kaifi, misalin wannan shi ne hakoran kada, muna kuma samun hakoran macizai masu dafi ko ma rufaffen baki kamar na kunkuru. Mun sami wasu dabbobi masu rarrafe na wannan nau'in dabbar masu cin nama, inda abincinsu ya dogara akan kwari, kamar hawainiya da geckos.
A gefe guda kuma, muna da dabbobi masu rarrafe waɗanda nau'ikan tsire-tsire ne, waɗanda kawai za su ci nau'ikan 'ya'yan itatuwa, kayan marmari da ganyaye iri-iri. Irin wannan nau'in nau'in dabbobi masu rarrafe yana da alaƙa da rashin samun haƙora na bayyane, amma wannan ba yana nufin cewa ba su da ƙarancin haƙora. Muƙamuƙi na wannan nau'in dabba suna da ƙarfi mai ban mamaki. A lokacin ciyarwa, za su yayyage gutsuttsuran abincin, sannan su ci gaba da hadiye shi kwata-kwata.
Sauran fasali
A cikin abubuwan da muka riga muka fallasa a baya, mun yi bayanin halaye na dabbobi masu rarrafe da aka fi sani da su, game da jikinsu, abincinsu, numfashinsu, tsarin jijiyoyin jini, da sauran manyan halaye. Amma a cikin wannan ɓangaren labarin ne za mu yi magana game da abubuwan da suka fi ban sha'awa game da dabbobi masu rarrafe, waɗannan su ne kamar haka:
Dabbobi masu rarrafe suna da gajeru ko Rasa gaɓoɓi
Galibi dabbobi masu rarrafe za su sami gajerun gaɓoɓi. Wasu dabbobi na wannan nau'in, irin su macizai, ba za su sami kafafu ba. Wadannan nau'ikan dabbobi masu rarrafe sune wadanda ke da ikon yawo a kasa. Wani nau'in dabbobi masu rarrafe masu dogayen gabobin ruwa ne.
Su dabbobin ectothermic ne
Wadannan halaye na dabbobi masu rarrafe suna da ban mamaki, tun da waɗannan dabbobin sune ectotherms. Da wannan muna nufin cewa ba za su iya daidaita yanayin jikinsu da kansu ba, amma zai dogara ne akan yanayin yanayin su. Wannan siffa ta ectotherms tana da alaƙa ta kusa da halaye masu zaɓi. Misalin wannan shi ne, dabbobi masu rarrafe nau’in dabbobi ne masu son kashe lokacinsu a rana. Na dogon lokaci, sun fi son su doki kan duwatsu masu zafi.
Wannan nau'in dabba yana da ilhami game da yanayin zafinta kuma tunda ba zai iya daidaita su da kansa ba, dole ne su same shi kamar yadda muka riga muka yi bayani. Amma a yanayin da suke jin zafin jikinsu ya tashi sosai, sun yanke shawarar cewa lokaci ya yi da za su fita daga rana. Wata sifa ta dabbobi masu rarrafe ita ce, idan suna cikin wasu yankuna na duniya inda lokacin sanyi suke yi, dabbobi masu rarrafe za su yi barci.
Vomeronasal ko Jacobson sashin jiki
Ƙungiyar Vomeronasal ko kuma kamar yadda aka sani da sashin Jacobson wanda ke aiki don gano wasu abubuwa, kamar pheromones. Baya ga wannan, ta hanyar al'auransu, duka abubuwan da suka faru na gustatory da na kamshi suna cikin ciki. Da wannan muna nufin cewa duka ji na dandano da wari ana ba da su ta baki.
Zafi Mai Karbar Ramin Hanci
Akwai ƙarami kuma zaɓi rukuni na dabbobi masu rarrafe waɗanda ke da ikon ɗaukar yanayin zafi daban-daban, inda za su nuna har zuwa 0.03ºC. Wadannan ramukan za su kasance a kan fuskar dabbar mai rarrafe, za ku iya samun tsakanin 1 da nau'i biyu. Amma akwai wasu keɓancewa inda za'a iya samun ramuka har guda 13.
A cikin kowane ɗayan waɗannan ramukan zaka iya samun ɗaki biyu wanda membrane zai raba.
Idan akwai dabbar da za ta zama ganima mai ɗumi a kusa. A cikin ɗaki na farko, iskar da ke cikinta za ta ƙaru kuma membrane wanda ya raba ɗakunan biyu zai motsa ƙarshen jijiyoyi. Wannan zai sanar da dabbobi masu rarrafe na kasancewar ganima a nan gaba, ta yadda daga baya za ta iya farauto shi.
Rarraba Masu Dabbobi
Za a iya cewa dabbobi masu rarrafe su ne kashin baya da suka samo asali daga rukunin burbushin halittu masu rarrafe da aka sani da diadectomorphs. Asalin wadannan nau'ikan dabbobi masu rarrafe na farko sun faru ne a lokacin da zamanin Carboniferous ya faru, wanda a cikinsa akwai nau'ikan abinci iri-iri. Bayan waɗannan abubuwan da suka faru, dabbobi masu rarrafe sun samo asali zuwa dabbobi masu rarrafe da ke wanzuwa a yau. Na yanzu an kasasu zuwa rukuni 3, wannan ya faru ne saboda kasancewar buɗewar wucin gadi. Da wannan muna nufin cewa za su sami ramuka a cikin kwanyarsu don taimaka musu su rage nauyi. Wadannan nau'ikan dabbobi masu rarrafe sune:
synapsids
Irin wannan nau'in nau'in dabbobi masu rarrafe yana da kamanceceniya da yawa da sauran dabbobi masu shayarwa wanda ya samo asali. Irin wannan nau'in dabbobi masu rarrafe za su gabatar da taga guda na wucin gadi, tare da bambancin sauran da aka samu a cikin wannan rarrabuwa.
Testudineans ko Anapsids
Irin wadannan dabbobi masu rarrafe su ne ke haifar da abin da ake kira kunkuru a yau. Ba kamar sauran nau'ikan dabbobi masu rarrafe ba, waɗannan ba za su sami tagogi na wucin gadi ba.
Diapsids
Wannan rabe-rabe na dabbobi masu rarrafe ya kasu kashi biyu wadannan zai kasance; archosaurs, wadanda suka hada da wannan rukuni duk nau'in dinosaur ne, wadanda duka tsuntsaye ne da crocodiles. Rukuni na biyu da ya dace da wannan rabe-rabe su ne lepidosauriomorphs wadanda suka haifar da kadangaru, macizai da sauran dabbobi masu rarrafe.
Nau'in Dabbobin Dabbobi da Misalai
Mun riga mun yi bayani kuma mun ambata rabe-rabe na dabbobi masu rarrafe wadanda suka haifar da halittu masu rarrafe, wato ga dabbobi masu rarrafe na yanzu. Wannan shi ne yadda a yau muna da manyan nau'ikan dabbobi masu rarrafe guda uku, waɗannan su ne kamar haka:
kada
Daga cikin irin wannan nau'in dabbobi masu rarrafe za mu iya samun crocodiles, alligators, alligators da alligators. Dabbobin da aka fi sani da wannan nau'in sune kamar haka: Kadan Amurka, Crocodile na Mexico, Alligator na Amurka, Caiman Spectacled da kuma a ƙarshe Black Alligator.
Squamous ko squamata
A cikin irin wannan nau'in dabbobi masu rarrafe za mu iya samun macizai, kadangaru, iguanas, macizai makafi. Mafi dacewa nau'in da za mu iya samu a cikin wadannan nau'o'in sune masu zuwa: Komodo Dragon, Marine Iguana, Green Iguana, Common Gecko. Hakanan zamu iya samun Python Tree Python, Shingles Makafi, Chameleon Yemen, Iblis Thorny na Australiya, a tsakanin sauran nau'ikan.
kunkuru
Irin wannan nau'in dabbobi masu rarrafe zai dace da kunkuru kuma a cikin wannan nau'in za mu iya samun kunkuru na ruwa da na ƙasa. Kamar yadda Kunkuru Moorish yake, Kunkuru na Rasha, Kunkuru Kore, Kunkuru Loggerhead, Kunkuru Baya da Fata kuma na ƙarshe amma ba kalla ba Kunkuru.
Idan kuna sha'awar wannan labarin kan Halayen Dabbobin Dabbobi, ina gayyatar ku da ku ci gaba da karantawa kan batutuwa masu zuwa:
- kare na ba ya son ci
- Dabbobi masu fama da cutar Down Syndrome
- A cikin watanni nawa za a iya yiwa ɗan kwikwiyo wanka?