Muna gayyatar ku don gano ƙarin game da duniyar ban sha'awa ta Alamar Viking, ma'anarsa da sashin tarihinsa. Waɗannan garuruwan sun kasance suna da manyan alamomin da ke wakiltarsu ta fuskoki da dama, misali a yaƙi, ƙauna da kariya.
alamomin viking
A cikin labarinmu a yau zaku iya ƙarin koyo game da alamun Viking da ma'anarsu da tarihinsu. Lokacin da muke magana game da alamomin Viking, muna komawa ga kowane ɗayan waɗannan alamomin da mutanen Nordic suka yi amfani da su tsawon shekaru da yawa waɗanda suka rayu galibi a yankin arewacin nahiyar Turai a cikin ƙarni na XNUMX da XNUMX.
Yawancin alamomin Viking ana iya cewa suna da alaƙa da gaskiyar tatsuniyar Norse da manyan halayensa, musamman abubuwan alloli ko halittun Allah. A yau yawancin alamomin Viking sun shahara sosai saboda sun kasance a cikin ragowar wayewar Viking da kuma a rubuce-rubuce.
Alamun Viking kusan koyaushe suna da alaƙa da al'amuran addini, wato, suna da ma'ana da ke da alaƙa da yankin ruhaniya, duk da haka muna samun wasu da ma'anoni nesa da jigon alloli. Yawancin waɗannan alkaluma an yi amfani da su azaman layu don ba da tsaro ga Vikings. Babban ɓangaren waɗannan alamomin sun sake samun suna saboda sababbin addinan arna.
Alamomi sun taka muhimmiyar rawa a tarihin tsoffin mutanen da. Hanya ce ta wakiltar wani al'amari na rayuwa ta yau da kullun ko duniyar duniyar. Kyakkyawan sashi na waɗannan wakilcin sun danganci sihiri, addini, kariya a cikin jigogi na yaƙi, har ma an yi amfani da su don soyayya.
A yau, alamomin da aka yi amfani da su azaman kayan ado da jarfa suna ci gaba da riƙe da aikin sihiri da kayan ado mai daraja. Bayan ma'anarsu ta hankali, alamomin suna da ma'ana mai zurfi cewa sashin da ya fi fahimta zai iya ganowa.
Idan alamomin Viking suna burge ku kuma kuna son ƙarin koyo game da tarihin su da ma'anar su, to muna gayyatar ku don ci gaba da karanta wannan labarin mai ban sha'awa, inda muka nuna muku mafi wakilci da sanannun alamun tarihi. Don haka mu fara.
Ma'anar Alamar Viking
Alamun Viking sun kasance wani bangare na tarihi, musamman na wadannan tsoffin mutanen da suka zauna a yankin arewacin nahiyar Turai tsawon shekaru, inda suka bunkasa tare da kafa al'adu da al'adunsu. Duk da babban shahararsa, mutane da yawa har yanzu ba su san ma'ana da tarihin babban ɓangaren waɗannan alamomin ba.
Wanene Vikings?
Nisa daga hangen nesa na Vikings, a matsayin mutanen da suka samo asali daga tsibirin Scandinavia na manyan mayaka da ma'aikatan jirgin ruwa wadanda suka yada tsoro a Turai a kusan karni na XNUMX, Vikings sun shiga cikin hangen nesa na duniya irin na mutanen da. Wannan shine yadda Manuel Velasco Laguna yayi nazari a cikin "Takaitaccen tarihin Vikings", littafi mai ban sha'awa inda aka tattauna yanayin mutanen Viking.
Ra'ayin duniya game da mutanen Nordic
Kamar yawancin al'ummar Norse, kafin hawan manyan addinan tauhidi, Vikings suna riƙe da maguzanci na mushirikai ko ra'ayin ra'ayi. Ko da yake gaskiya ne cewa Kiristanci na yanzu shine ke da alhakin kawar da yawancin imani na asali na waɗannan mutane, wasu sun dade na tsawon lokaci kuma a cikin sanannun al'adar mutanen Viking.
Runes a cikin alamar alamar Viking
Ɗaya daga cikin kalmomin da aka fi sani da za mu iya samuwa a cikin garuruwan Viking shine game da abin da ake kira runes. Shin kun san abin da runes ke nufi a cikin alamar Viking? Haruffa ne waɗanda wani ɓangare ne na haruffan runic waɗanda mutanen Nordic ke amfani da su galibi. Waɗannan haruffan da suka yi amfani da su musamman don rubutawa a cikin harsunan Jamusanci, musamman a cikin Scandinavia da tsibirin Birtaniyya.
Runes da haruffan Viking
Wadannan mutane sun yi amfani da su sosai a lokacin tsufa kuma sun sami damar kula da kansu a lokacin tsakiyar zamanai. A cikin shekaru, amfani da runes da haruffa Viking a hankali ya narke, har sai an rage shi a zahiri kawai zuwa kalandar runic da kayan ado a cikin karni na XNUMX.
Alamar Viking Futhark
A cikin haruffan Viking akwai bambance-bambance da yawa kuma ɗayan su shine ainihin Futhark. Wannan bambancin mazauna ƙauyen Viking ne suka fi amfani da shi. An wakilta haruffansa ko runes a cikin duwatsu masu zagaye da wasu guntuwar dutse da itace. A yau, ban da kalandar runic, ana amfani da runes na Viking azaman hanyar duba.
Ba asiri ba ne ga kowa cewa a cikin alamar Nordic, abin ban mamaki Futhark Viking haruffa ana ɗaukar ɗayan mafi ban mamaki da ɓoye. Wannan haruffa masu kama da rudimentary suna da siffa, a tsakanin sauran fannoni, ta hanyar toshe ɗimbin sirrin da har yanzu ba a bayyana ba. Mutane da yawa suna la'akari da kowace alamar runic don samun ma'anar ɓoye a bayan bayyanarsa.
Tapestry na Fate da Runes
A cikin tarihin Norse mun sami kasancewar ruhohin mata da yawa ko Norns waɗanda suka cika ayyuka daban-daban a cikin wannan al'ada. Daga cikin babban nauyin da ke wuyan wadannan ruhohi shi ne sakar kaset na makomar rayuwar maza da mata. Urd na arewa uku, Skuld da Vernandi su ne masu saka zaren da suka gabata, na yanzu da na gaba.
kalmomin viking
Idan ba za a iya shakkar wani abu ba, babban gadon da tsoffin Vikings suka bari, fiye da tsawon shekaru da suka wuce. Yawancin kalmomi a cikin haruffa Futhark ana adana su a yau. Waɗannan sharuɗɗan, waɗanda aka rubuta cikin wasiƙun Viking, suna gaya mana game da mutanen da almara, al’adu da alloli suka addabi su. Don haka mun sami Hávamál, littafin hikimar da aka danganta ga allahn Odin, wanda ke zaune a Valhalla, fadar da Valkyries suka ɗauki mayaƙan da suka mutu.
Alamar jirgin Viking: Drakkar
A cikin al'adun mutanen Viking, an yi amfani da wasu kalmomi don nufin nau'ikan jiragen ruwa daban-daban. Waɗannan mutanen gabaɗaya sun yi amfani da jimloli kamar Drakkar, LongShip, Knar, da Snekkar don komawa ga yawancin tasoshinsu. Ɗaya daga cikin shahararrun kalmomi shine "Drakkar" daidai.
Kalmar Drakkar an fi amfani da ita wajen nufin wani nau'in jirgin ruwa. Yawancin sun yarda cewa wannan shi ne jirgin ruwan da ya fi shahara kuma sananne, kasancewar jirgin ruwan yaki ne mai kamun dodanniya. Yana da mahimmanci a nuna cewa wannan jirgin ba kawai yana da amfani da soja da kasuwanci ba.
Bisa ga bayanan, an kuma yi amfani da jirgin da aka fi sani da Drakkar a cikin al'adar tafiya zuwa lahira. Kamar sauran al’adu, an tura mamacin zuwa lahira a cikin jiragen ruwa masu kona.
Alamomin garkuwar Viking
Wani abu da ya yi fice a cikin al'adun mutanen Viking shi ne garkuwarsu. Ire-iren wadannan kayan aikin sun dauki hankulan kowa saboda dalilai da dama, musamman saboda kyawon zanen su, kamar yadda muka gani a cikin jerin talabijin da dama inda ake iya ganin garkuwar Viking.
An kwatanta garkuwar Viking, a tsakanin sauran abubuwa, ta hanyar zagaye da ƙarfi, amma a lokaci guda suna da haske, ban da aikin kare su, sun ƙunshi babban alama.
Ado na garkuwa tare da alamar Nordic
Ado na garkuwar Viking ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin mafi ban sha'awa da ban sha'awa na wannan nau'in aiwatarwa. Kusan kullun garkuwa suna gabatar da kayan ado iri ɗaya. Yawancin lokaci an yi musu ado da fentin su da launuka masu haske da haske, da sauran masu haske, irin su aquamarine, tare da motif kamar swastikas, triskeles, spirals da crosses.
A wasu lokuta ana iya ganin garkuwar Viking tare da wasu nau'ikan zane, misali muna iya ganinsu da dabbobi masu salo masu salo irin su hankaka, gaggafa, kyarkeci da dodanni, wadanda su ne dabbobin da aka fi amfani da su wajen yi wa wadannan garkuwa ado. . Runic motifs kuma sun yawaita akan garkuwa.
nau'ikan garkuwar viking
Akwai nau'ikan garkuwar Viking da yawa. A gefe guda muna samun mafi al'ada ko sanannun, wanda shine abin da ake kira zagaye na kare kariya. Waɗannan an saba yin su da lemun tsami ko itacen fir kuma suna da kimanin girman tsakanin santimita 60 zuwa 70. Irin wannan garkuwar da ake amfani da su a cikin jiragen ruwa kuma muna samun su a cikin trousseau na jana'iza.
Su ne abin da ake kira garkuwar haraji tare da diamita na 90 centimeters. Duk da haka, har ya zuwa yanzu ba a iya gano dalilin da ya sa Vikings, kafin canza su zuwa garkuwar garkuwa a cikin karni na XNUMX, sun gwammace su zabi siffar madauwari, wanda ya zama mafi amfani da kuma shahararren irin garkuwa a Turai. .
zagaye garkuwar viking
An yi la'akari da garkuwar Viking Round a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin shahararrun garkuwar da waɗannan tsoffin al'umma ke amfani da su. Ba asiri ba ne ga kowa cewa an lura da da'irar a matsayin hanyar wakiltar gaba ɗaya kuma an yi amfani da ita a yawancin mandalas. Wannan ma'ana yana ƙarfafa ta umbo, ko tsakiyar ɓangaren garkuwa, wanda aka yi da ƙarfe da ƙaƙƙarfan.
Yin amfani da launuka a zagaye na garkuwar Viking shima ɗaya ne daga cikin mafi yawan abubuwan wakilcin wannan nau'in aiwatarwa. Kusan koyaushe ana amfani da launuka masu haske da haske, don sauƙaƙe gano su yayin yaƙi da kuma nuna niyya. An yi imanin ja da baki suna wakiltar launukan yaƙi, yayin da fari shine launin salama.
Kullin Garkuwar Thor
Ɗaya daga cikin mahimman alamomin Viking na gargajiya a cikin wannan al'ada shine kullin garkuwar Thor. Za mu iya kiyaye shi a cikin al'adu daban-daban kuma an kwatanta shi a matsayin alama mai kariya wanda ke da siffar giciye na rana. An yi imanin cewa yana da kamanceceniya da wasu daga al'adu daban-daban kamar na Celtic ko Sinawa.
Alamun Viking na yaki da ƙarfi
Siffar halayen mutanen nan ita ce yaƙi. Tun daga farko an san su da mutane masu son yaƙi, waɗanda suke son zuwa yaƙi koyaushe. Don haka, kasancewar alamomin Viking da yawa masu alaƙa da yaƙi da ƙarfi bai kamata ya zama baƙon abu kwata-kwata. Viking Lords sun kasance suna ɗaukar tuta (Merki) a shugaban sojojinsu.
Yana da kyau a fayyace cewa a lokacin da mutanen Viking suka je yaki ba su yi amfani da tuta daya ba (Merki). Madadin haka sun yi amfani da tuta ta musamman wacce ke da siffar triangular. An san wannan tuta da "La gunnefane", wanda yawanci yana wakiltar hankaka, wanda ake ɗauka a matsayin tsuntsu na Odin.
Akwai labarai da tatsuniyoyi da yawa a bayan hankaka. Alal misali, Vikings sun gaskata cewa idan wannan dabba ta buɗe baki kuma ta yi rawar jiki da farin ciki, yana nufin alama mai kyau. Akasin haka, idan hankaka ya ci gaba da kasancewa marar motsi kuma bai yi wata sigina ba, hakan na nufin an yi hasarar yaƙin da Viking ke yi.
Aegishjalmur ko ægishjálmur
Ɗaya daga cikin mafi mahimmanci kuma sanannun alamun yaƙi na Viking wanda za mu iya samu a cikin wannan al'ada shine aegishjalmur ko ægishjálmur. Bisa ga imani na Vikings, wannan alamar ƙarfi ta ba su kariya mafi girma da kuma tsoratar da sojojin abokan gaba a lokacin yakin.
Lokacin da aka zana wannan alamar jarumi na asalin Icelandic tsakanin idanuwa, wanda ya sa ta ya zama wani abu mai wuyar gaske don rushewa, ba zai yiwu ba a yi nasara da shi a tsakiyar fada. Bugu da kari, wannan garkuwa ta sa makiya su gudu. Don haka, an san shi da sihiri ko abin rufe fuska na ta'addanci.
Hraethigaldur da Ottastafur
A cikin garuruwan Viking akwai alamun yaƙi da yawa waɗanda suka yi aiki guda ɗaya wanda shine haifar da ta'addanci da tsoro tsakanin sojojin abokan gaba. Daga cikin wadannan alamomin mun sami Hraethigaldur da Ottastafur, biyu daga cikin mafi yawan alamun wakilci a cikin yakin mutanen Viking. Sojojin sun yi imanin cewa idan suka sassaka su a kan makamai ko a bayan garkuwa, abokan gaba sun firgita.
Ygrgugnir, gungnir ko mugun mashi: Alamar ƙarfi ta Viking
Idan akwai alamar iko a tsakanin mutanen Viking, shi ne daidai wannan. Yana da wakilcin mashin Odin. An yi imani da cewa yana daya daga cikin mafi mahimmancin karfi da karfi. Yawancin lokaci ana sanya shi a kan saman mashi da mashi don su ci gaba da kai hari.
Alamar Gungnir, wacce ke wakiltar mashin allahn Odin, dwarves ne suka yi kuma allahn Loki ya ba Odin. Ɗaya daga cikin ƙarfin wannan alamar Viking shine a koyaushe a buga manufa kuma da zarar ya yi, ya koma hannun Odin. Hakanan ana iya samun wannan ikon a cikin guduma na Thor, wani muhimmin alamomin Viking.
The Vegvísir: Viking compass
Mutane da yawa sun yi iƙirarin cewa wannan alamar tana da aikin jagorantar masu tuƙi na Viking a lokacin guguwar, don haka ance ya yi kama da kamfas, yayin da wasu suka kuskura su kwatanta shi da alamar sihiri. Bayan duk waɗannan hasashe, gaskiyar ita ce, muna fuskantar ɗaya daga cikin abubuwan ban mamaki na Viking a tarihi.
Kamar yadda ake iya gani, wannan alamar tana buɗe hannayenta ta kowane bangare kamar furen kamfas, ba tare da wani ko-in-kula ba. Ya dace da wani zane wanda ya yadu a cikin mutane da yawa a duk faɗin duniya, musamman a cikin al'adun shamanic.
Mafi mahimmanci, sigogin da ke ba da shawarar cewa wannan alamar wani nau'i ne na kamfas gaskiya ne. Yawancinsu sun yi ƙarfin hali su ce ya zama jagora kuma yana nuna alamun da za a bi. Wannan alamar ta bayyana a cikin littafin asalin Icelandic, a kusa da 1600, musamman littafin Galdrabók, grimoire ko littafin sihiri.
Yawancin gatari na wannan alamar suna da kamanceceniya da na farko na mutum a cikin al'adu masu nisa kamar kasar Sin, inda suke neman gano wurin mutum tsakanin sama da kasa.
Ba tare da shakka ba, Vegvísir ya zama alama mai mahimmanci lokacin tafiya. A cewar tatsuniyoyi da yawa, kusan koyaushe ana rubuta wannan alamar akan jiragen ruwa na Viking don tabbatar da dawowar su gida nan gaba. Yana da mahimmanci a lura cewa wannan alamar tana da kamanceceniya da wata alamar Viking mai matukar tasiri, musamman aegishjalmur.
A halin yanzu shaharar wannan alamar ta Viking ta koma kan gaba, musamman a duniyar jarfa. Yana nuna alamar tafarki madaidaici kuma yana nisantar rasa tafarkin rayuwa.
Alamun Nordic na alloli na Viking
Allolin Viking suna da wakilci a cikin wannan al'ada. Yawancin alamomin waɗannan mutane suna da alaƙa da halittunsu na allahntaka ko alloli, galibi tare da Odin, wanda aka ɗauka ɗaya daga cikin mafi mahimmanci kuma sanannun alloli na mutanen Viking. A ƙasa muna nuna muku wasu alamomin Norse na gumakan Viking.
Masks na Odin
Mashin Odin a halin yanzu yana da layi biyu na fassarar:
- Wakilin Odin
- ruhohin yanayi
1. Wakilin Odin
Layin farko na fassarar abin rufe fuska na Odin shine cewa abin rufe fuska yana wakiltar Odin, uban alloli na tarihin Norse. Gabaɗaya, ana iya saninsa da sunaye daban-daban, waɗanda Wotan ya yi fice. Halinsa na zahiri yana sa mu yi tunanin cewa shi mai natsuwa ne kuma mai iya magana.
Sun wakilce shi da kamannin dattijo, wanda ke da faffadan gemu mai tsayi da ido guda, mai ratsin alkyabba da sanda. Duk da haka, ana iya gabatar da shi ta wasu hanyoyi daban-daban. A cikin alamar Norse, an kwatanta Odin a matsayin allahn hikima da ilimi.
Duk da wannan bayanin, gaskiya ne kuma Odin yana da ikon canzawa zuwa allahn yaki da mutuwa. A wannan yanayin, an sanya abin rufe fuska mai ban tsoro da muni wanda makiya suka gudu cikin firgita ba tare da sun yi fada ba.
2. Ruhohin yanayi
Fassara ta biyu da aka ba wa abin rufe fuska na Odin ya kasance mai sauƙi da kankare. A wannan yanayin, an ce abin rufe fuska na wannan allahn alama ce da ke wakiltar ruhohin da ke kare duniya, wato landvaettir.
Alamar Odin: Valknut ko Odin's Knot
Mutane da yawa sun san wannan alamar a ƙarƙashin sunan "zuciyar Hrungnir". Zuciyar wanda ya fadi yana wakiltar ikon Odin akan tunanin mutane, yana fifita su ko kuma jagorantar su zuwa ga rashin sa'a. Dangane da rubutun Galdrabook, ba shi da kyau a sanya wannan alamar, ƙasa da tattoo, sai dai idan kun tabbata kuna son bauta wa Odin.
Al'adar ta bayyana cewa mutanen da suka yanke shawarar ɗaukar wannan alamar sun kasance suna mutuwa ta hanyar jini da tashin hankali. Haɗin kai guda uku triangles suna wakiltar halitta a cikin matakansa uku ko duniyoyinsa.
Bisa ga wuraren da aka samu shaidar wannan alamar, da yawa sun ce ana iya gane cewa yana da alaka da fada da mutuwa. Kowane ɗayan fage na hoto wanda wannan alamar ta ƙunshi yaƙe-yaƙe ne ko yanayin mutuwa. Ko da kuwa ma'anarta, gaskiyar ita ce alama ce da ke da alaƙa da allahn mutuwa, Odin.
Godiya ga ragowar archaeological, ra'ayin cewa an yi amfani da wannan alamar don dalilai na ado kawai za a iya kawar da su. Hakanan yana da mahimmanci a nuna cewa akwai bambancin geometric daban-daban dangane da wannan alamar, duk da haka adadi mafi yawanci ya ƙunshi triangles daban-daban guda uku waɗanda ke tsaka-tsaki. A wasu lokuta yana yiwuwa a zana wannan alamar tare da layi mai ci gaba ɗaya wanda ke haɗuwa don haifar da triangles uku.
Triceps
Kamar dai yadda ya faru da alamar kullin Odin, a cikin yanayin Triceps, ana wakilta shi da abubuwa guda uku daidai. A wannan yanayin, su ne runes inguz guda uku waɗanda ke da kamancen lu'u-lu'u. Ya yi daidai da ɗaya daga cikin al'adun gargajiya da shahararrun alamun Viking na waɗannan garuruwa. Ana ɗaukar ta alama ce ta kariya, tana wakiltar bangaskiya cikin addinin neopagan Ásatrú.
Kaho uku na Odin
Daga cikin alamomin Viking tare da mafi girman al'ada da tasiri mun sami ƙaho na Odin sau uku, wanda aka kwatanta shi a matsayin alama kai tsaye da ke da alaƙa da allahn Odin kuma wanda ke da wani kamance da alamar triquetra, musamman saboda alamarsa sau uku. . Alama ce da ƙahoni uku ke yi da Vikings suka sha.
Bisa ga tatsuniyar Norse, allahn Odin ya rinjayi katon Gunnlod na tsawon dare uku ya ba shi sips uku na mead da ke cikin ƙaho. Labarin ya nuna cewa Gunnlod ya yarda da irin wannan buƙatar, duk da haka Odin ya yi amfani da damar da za ta sha duk abin da ke cikin ƙahonin.
Saboda ikon da mead ɗin waƙa ya ba da, allahn Odin ya juya ya zama gaggafa kuma ya tsere daga Gunnlod. Sunayen ƙahoni uku Óðrœrir, Boðn da Són. Dukkansu na kunshe da ma'aunin wakoki da dodanniya Fjalar da Galar suka ajiye. Tatsuniyar Norse tana sanya mead a matsayin alamar hikima da wahayin waƙa. Duk wanda ya sha shi za a rikide ya zama mawaƙi mai hikima.
Alamar Odin sau uku tana bayyana akan Snoldelev Viking Runestone, wani dutse na ƙarni na XNUMX da aka samu a Denmark.
Hammer Thor: Mjolnir
Ɗaya daga cikin manyan alamomin Viking a cikin wannan al'ada shine guduma na allahn Thor, wanda aka sani da Mjolnir. Gudun Thor yana yin ishara da wani siffa mai ƙarfi domin ana ɗaukarsa ɗaya daga cikin manyan makamai masu ban tsoro a tatsuniyar Norse.
A tatsuniyar tatsuniyoyi, Brokkr da Eitri ne suka yi wannan guduma don ba wa Thor. Allahn Thor ya mallaki guduma yana nufin ikonsa akan walƙiya da tsawa. Wannan makamin yana da ikon komawa hannun Thor lokacin da ya jefa shi.
Tarihi ya nuna cewa wannan adadi ya kasance a cikin shekaru masu yawa, ta yadda zai iya fadada har zuwa lokacin da Kiristanci ya fi rinjaye, lokacin da Vikings suka fara aiwatar da addinin Kiristanci na yanzu sun ci gaba da yin amfani da alamar Mjölnir tare da dalilai na ado don nuna ƙarfi. da kariya.
Ba tare da shakka ba, guduma Thor, ɗaya daga cikin mafi wakilcin makamai na wannan allah, ya zama ɗaya daga cikin mafi tasiri da ƙarfi da alamun kariya na yaƙi a tarihin Norse. Wannan kyauta daga dwarves Eitri da Brokkr ga Thor sun koma hannun allah lokacin da aka jefa. Yana kuma da ikon sarrafa walƙiya da tsawa.
Ravens Hungin da Munin
Dukansu hankaka, duka Hungin da Munin, sun bayyana tare da allahn Odin a yawancin wakilcin Norse, yana mai da su ɗaya daga cikin mafi tasiri da shahararrun alamun Viking. Manufarta ita ce sanar da kuma faɗakar da Allah game da duk wani haɗari da barazanar da ke akwai. Munin alama ce ta ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya, yayin da Hugin ke wakiltar tunani.
Sleipnir: Dokin Odin
Ana iya la'akari da allahn Odin daya daga cikin mafi wakilcin mutanen Viking kuma daya daga cikin abubuwan da suka fi gane shi shine dokinsa mai ƙafa takwas da aka sani da Sleipnir. Ta wannan doki, Odin yana da ikon motsawa ta hanyoyi takwas ta iska ko ta ƙasa. Don haka, an bayyana shi a matsayin alamar kariya a cikin tafiya da hikima.
An gano siffar wannan doki mai ban mamaki a rubuce a kan duwatsu daban-daban na asalin Viking. Bisa ga imanin waɗannan mutane, ƙafafu takwas na doki suna wakiltar ikonsa na tafiya a cikin ƙasa da iska. Har ila yau, ya yi ishara da hanyoyi takwas na kamfas, kamar yadda muka ambata a baya.
Jörmungandr: alamar zagayowar
Yin magana game da alamomin Viking shine a koma ga wannan wakilci ba tare da shakka ba. Mutane da yawa sun san shi a ƙarƙashin sunan ouroboros. Wani nau'i ne na maciji mai fuka-fuki ko dodanniya mai cizon wutsiyarsa kuma yana yin ishara da yanayin yanayi na zagayowar lokaci. Littafin Prose Edda ya ba da labarin cewa allahn Odin ya jefa dodo Jörmungandr cikin teku don guje wa haɗari. A can ne ya girma har ya iya kewaye duniya baki daya ya cije wutsiya.
Alamun kariya ta Viking
Kamar yadda akwai alamun Viking na yaƙi da alloli, muna iya kuma haskaka wasu alamomin da ke nuni ga jigon kariya. Galibin wadannan alamomin kamar yadda sunayensu ya nuna, an yi amfani da su ne don kare kansu daga wasu hadurruka kuma suna da karfi da hikima. Bari mu sake duba wasu daga cikin mafi mahimmanci.
Gapaldur da Ginfaxi: Alamun Viking na ƙafafu
Ɗaya daga cikin manyan alamomin Viking na kariya wanda ya kamata a lura shine runes guda biyu masu suna Gapaldur da Ginfaxi. Dukkan runes an zana su a kan tafin takalma kuma alamun kariya da tsaro ne. A cikin yanayin Gapaldur, an sanya shi a kan diddige na takalmin dama, yayin da Ginfaxi aka sanya shi a kan yatsan ƙafar hagu.
Shin kun san menene manufar waɗannan alamun kariya ta Viking? An ce babbar manufar ita ce ƙoƙarin samun nasara a yaƙin Glíma na gargajiya. Bayan lokaci, ya zama ɗaya daga cikin mafi mahimmanci kuma fitattun alamomi a cikin wannan al'ada.
Itacen ƙarfin hali ko Vergrdrassil
Daya daga cikin mafi alamar alamun kariya ta Viking. Gabaɗaya mutanen da ke da niyyar kafa kamfanoni masu mahimmanci waɗanda ke buƙatar himma da sadaukarwa sun yi amfani da shi gabaɗaya.Daya daga cikin manyan bambance-bambancen wannan alamar game da sauran al'adu shi ne cewa an yi kwatancinsa da baki ba launi ba. Mineral jade green kamar yadda ya faru a wasu garuruwa. Kusan koyaushe ana sanya wannan alamar a goshi.
Alamar Viking ta Angurgapi
An kuma ɗauki alamar Angurgapi ɗaya daga cikin mafi mahimmanci a cikin al'adun mutanen Viking. Yawancin lokaci ana samunsa a kasan ganga. Bisa al'adar waɗannan garuruwa, an sanya alamar a cikin sararin samaniya don kada a sace giyar da ke ciki.
Alamar Viking ta Vatnahlífir
Mutanen Viking a zahiri suna da alamar komai. Game da Vatnahlífir, kusan koyaushe ana amfani da shi lokacin tsallaka koguna masu haɗari. An yi imanin cewa wannan alamar ta ba da kariya daga ruwa. Al'adar ta nuna cewa a yi tattoo alamar a ƙarƙashin hannun dama.
giciye troroll
A cikin jerin alamomin Viking na kariya, abin da ake kira Troll cross ba zai iya ɓacewa ba, wanda aka yi la'akari da daya daga cikin mafi girman wakilci na waɗannan tsoffin mutanen. Mutanen da suka yanke shawarar sanya wannan alamar yawanci sun yi hakan ne don kare kansu daga trolls da elves.
duniya tara
Bisa ga abin da aka nuna a cikin ilimin sararin samaniya na Norse mythology, an raba duniya zuwa duniyoyi tara da babbar bishiyar Yggdrasil ta haɗe. A cikin waɗannan duniyoyi daban-daban suna rayuwa daban-daban halittu na Norse mythology: ƙattai, alloli da alloli da sauransu. Dangane da kwatancen tatsuniyoyi na Norse, an tabbatar da cewa daula ta sama ta ƙunshi duniyoyi masu zuwa:
- Jötunheim ko duniya na kattai.
- Muspelheim, yankin wuta inda kattai na wuta ke zaune.
- Niflheim, mulkin kankara madawwami da koguna goma sha ɗaya.
- Asgard, inda Odin ke zaune tare da wasu alloli da alloli.
- Alfheim, ƙasar haske elves.
- Vanaheim, mulkin allolin Vanir mai gani.
- Svartálfaheim, duniyar dwarves da ke ɓoye a ƙarƙashin duwatsu da cikin kogo.
- Helheim, ƙasar mayaudaran alloli da kisa.
- Midgard, duniyar da ke tsakiyar kowa, inda mutane ke rayuwa.
Yana da mahimmanci a nuna cewa manyan halittu masu ban mamaki suna rayuwa a cikin wannan bishiyar, misali yanayin dragon, wanda ke zaune a gindinsa da gaggafa a saman. Manzo tsakanin duniyoyin biyu shine squirrel Ratatosk.
Yggdrasil
Ɗaya daga cikin mahimman alamun Viking shine Yggdrasil, wanda aka sani da itace mai girma. Ita ce itacen da ke sarrafa duniyoyi tara na tarihin Norse tare. A matsayin muhimmiyar hujja za mu iya cewa halittu daban-daban suna rayuwa a cikin wannan bishiyar. A gindin bishiyar dragon Nidhug yana zaune, yayin da gaggafa ke zaune a saman. Ratatosk squirrel yana gudana tsakanin iyakar biyu yana dauke da sakonni tsakanin halittu biyu.
Yana da kyau a faɗi cewa an ambaci itacen Yggdrasil a cikin aƙalla littattafai biyu na Prose Edda, inda aka gabatar da tatsuniyar Norse. Ana iya fassara ma'anar Yggdrasil a matsayin "doki na Odin". Wannan bishiyar tana da tushe guda uku. Ɗaya daga cikinsu ya isa Asgard, wanda ake ɗauka a matsayin duniyar alloli. Wani tushen ya ketare ƙasar ƙattai, Jötunheim, yayin da na uku ya kai Nifheim.
Alamun Viking na soyayya
Kamar yadda yaki da kariya suka kasance muhimman abubuwa ga mutanen Viking, haka nan soyayya ta taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin al'adun wadannan mutane. A ƙasa muna nuna muku wasu manyan kuma fitattun alamun Viking masu alaƙa da soyayya.
Viking rune na soyayya
Har yanzu, ainihin ma'anar wannan alamar Viking ta kasance asiri. Kodayake yawancin suna cewa ma'anarta da farko ita ce soyayya, akwai kuma nau'ikan da ke nuna cewa sabuwar zamani ce. Bayan wannan, a halin yanzu ana gabatar da shi azaman hanyar soyayya.
Rune na soyayya na Viking yana kunshe da da'irar da aka raba kashi biyu, yana samar da iyakar biyu. Dukkanin sassan biyu suna nuni da haɗin gwiwar mutane biyu, tare da jin daɗin soyayya.
alamomin soyayya runes
Wani abu da yake a fili shine cewa a cikin Galdrabook, jerin runes sun bayyana, ana amfani da su azaman talismans na ƙauna. Ana iya sanya waɗannan runes sau da yawa azaman abin lanƙwasa, ko da yake a wasu lokuta kuma mutane sun yi amfani da su don sassaƙa shi a kan wani abu na ƙaunataccen.
Alamun iyali da ma'anoni Viking
An dauki iyali a matsayin wani abu mai mahimmanci ga mutanen Viking. Bukatar samun zuriya mai kyau a wasu lokuta ya haifar da amfani da alamomi da yawa don mata suyi ciki. Babban abin ban mamaki na shari'ar shi ne cewa matar ta cinye wani cuku bayan da ta zana alamar a kai.
Inguz: Alamar Viking "so shine iya"
Wannan rune da ke da alaƙa da allahn Ing yana kwatanta ikon samar da duniya da kuma ikon ɗan adam don tada rayuwa da ayyuka. Saboda wannan dalili, wannan fitacciyar alamar Viking kuma ana kiranta "so shine iya". Ana iya la'akari da shi azaman ɗaya daga cikin mahimman alamun Viking na ƙauna na kowane lokaci.
Alamun Viking na sa'a
Ba asiri ga kowa ba cewa sa'a koyaushe yana cikin al'adun mutanen Viking. Mutanen da ke cikin wannan al'umma sun kasance suna da alamomi da yawa waɗanda suke zuwa lokacin da suke son samun sa'a. Kodayake akwai alamun sa'a da yawa na Viking, akwai biyu musamman waɗanda suka fice. A gefe guda akwai Tyrlogsofur da Kaupaloki.
Tyrlogsofur
Akwai ilimin wanzuwar alamomin Viking na Sweden da yawa waɗanda aka yi amfani da su a wasu lokuta don mutane suyi kyau a cikin gwaji. Ɗaya daga cikin waɗannan alamomin shine ainihin Tyrlogsofur. An kafa shi ta hanyar TYR runes waɗanda aka haɗa a ƙasa, suna haifar da jujjuyawar Y.
The Kaupaloki
Ɗaya daga cikin shahararrun kuma sanannun alamun Viking na sa'a shine Kaupaloki. A mafi yawan lokuta alama ce da ke da alaƙa kai tsaye da duniyar kasuwanci da kuɗi, wato, mutane sun kasance suna amfani da shi don kasuwancin su ya yi kyau. Wannan alamar kuma ta hana zamba.
Norse Viking Tattoos
Kamar yadda muka ambata zuwa yanzu, mutanen Viking suna da jerin alamomi da abubuwan da ke wakiltar su ta hanya ta musamman. A cikin Galdabook, ana yawan ambaton tattoos na alamar Viking. A ƙasa za mu nuna muku wasu mafi mahimmanci kuma fitattun.
Tarihi ya koya mana cewa ana daukar amfani da jarfa a matsayin daya daga cikin muhimman ayyuka na al'ummar Pasifik, wadanda suka saba sanya jikinsu da alamomi da siffofi daban-daban. Irin wannan al'ada ta fara amfani da ita ga wasu al'ummomi, misali na Nordic, wanda ya sa ya shahara a lokacin.
Ina aka yi tattoo alamun Viking amulet?
Jafan da Vikings suka yi na iya nunawa a sassa daban-daban na jiki bisa ga abin da al'ada ta nuna. An yi imanin cewa manyan mutane da mayaƙa sun kasance suna yin alama a sassa daban-daban na jiki tare da alamun da ke kan Viking amulets. Wadannan jarfa sun cika manufa kuma shine don karewa da samun wasu ni'ima daga allahntaka.
Abu daya da ke da mahimmanci a lura shi ne sanya jarfa na Viking akan maza da mata. Mutane kusan ko da yaushe sun fi son yin tattoo a wuraren jiki kamar kai ko fuska, da kuma hannu. An yi tattoo Norse na alamun Viking a wurin. A nasu bangaren, mata sun gwammace su yi tattoo a wuyan hannu da yankin kafada.
A yau yana yiwuwa a sami yawancin waɗannan alamomin da aka zana a kan abubuwa na sirri kamar walat ɗin mutum. A mafi yawan lokuta, mutane sun fi son yin tattoo da yawa daga cikin alamomin Viking waɗanda muka kwatanta zuwa yanzu, musamman ma alamun runic, ingantattun alamun sihiri na al'adun Viking.
fi so Viking jarfa
A halin yanzu, bayan farfadowar sha'awa a cikin runes, mabiyan al'adun Norse Viking, suna ƙoƙarin samun jarfansu wasu zane-zane na arna Viking da alamomin da aka ɗauka daga tarihi da almara, wanda alloli da Valkyries ba su rasa. Akwai wasu lambobi waɗanda ba su fita salon ba, misali reshen hankaka, karkace ko giciye.
Yin la'akari da kusancin al'adu na garuruwan 'yan'uwa biyu, waɗannan tsoffin alamomin Viking sun haɗu da alamun Celtic, irin su triquetra. Yana da mahimmanci a nuna cewa a yawancin lokuta, ma'anar da aka ba da alamomi a cikin tattoo a yau ba su da ma'anar asali. Ƙwaƙwalwar ƙaya da ƙayatarwa sun yi galaba akan tauri. Don haka, yawancin jarfa alama ce ta ƙauna ko abota.
Vikings ba Nazis ba ne
Kafin mu gama da wannan labarin mai ban sha’awa kuma cikakke, mun ga ya dace mu fayyace wani muhimmin batu kuma shi ne cewa Vikings ba ’yan Nazi ba ne, kamar yadda mutane da yawa suka gaskata. Farfagandar da 'yan Nazi suka yi da alamun Nordic Viking ba ya nufin cewa mutanen Scandinavia sun yi amfani da su da manufofin farfagandar Nazi iri ɗaya.
Yawancin alamomin da Nazis ke amfani da su, misali swastika ko swastika, sun yi daidai da alamomin da aka samu, ban da al'adun Nordic, a wasu wurare irin su Sin, Indiya ko Tibet, a matsayin alama mai kyau.
Hakanan kuna iya sha'awar labarai masu zuwa: