Victorian Orchard He is a character with a strong degree of cunning, born in Mexico, with the military rank of General, and he practiced politics, becoming president of Mexico. He recognized by many followers and detested by others.
Biography of Victoriano Huerta
José Victoriano Huerta Márquez was born on December 22, 1850 in the municipality of Colotlán, located in the northern region of the state of Jalisco, in Mexico. His parents were Jesús Huerta Córdoba and María Lázara from the Márquez Villalobos Shelter.
He married on November 21, 1880, in Mexico City, with Emilia Águila Moya, with whom he conceived several children: Celia, Jorge, Elena, Dagoberto, Luz, María del Carmen, Eva, María Elisa, Víctor.
Victoriano Huerta was a Mexican engineer and military man, president of Mexico between 1913 and 1914 as a result of a coup. The Indian race flowed in his genes, not being a reason that prevented him from studying at the Military College of Chapultepec, graduating in 1876, as a lieutenant.
After obtaining the title, he was assigned to the Corps of Engineers of the Mexican Cartography Commission, where he carried out activities in the area of typography in the territory of Pueblo and the State of Veracruz, during that time it kept for oeight years dedicated to this management.
In the next years of his life he held different positions within the scope of the General Staff, in the last one under the command of Porfirio Díaz. He was a man who had a great experience in the loyalties, betrayals and unknowns that surround political life. In this year 1902, he was promoted to the rank of brigadier general in the government of Porfirio Díaz.
Victoriano Huerta, being under the orders of General Ignacio A. Bravo, in 1903, participated in the retaliation against the Mayan Indians, and later what he executed for several years in the submission of the Yankee Indians belonging to the State of Sonora.
During the year 1910 he directly occupied the command to repress the violence of the Zapatistas in Morelos and Guerrero. The combination of violence, cruelty and betrayal used in the contests against the indigenous give an authoritarian and miserable character to the abusive future in the presidency of Mexico, perhaps because Indian blood flows through his veins. In recognition of his work, Victoriano Huerta, he was awarded the rank of Brigadier General.
The government of Porfirio Díaz during the years 1876 to 1911, became critical of his dictatorial regime, for which the death of a rancher and businessman, named Francisco I. Madero, became present in the Antireelection Campaign, induced him to be participate in the plot against the regime, but, before that, he applied to the army for discharge, which was denied.
The detonation of the Mexican Revolution, an event that occurred on November 20, 1910, led to a prompt failure of the dictator's army. But due to his character, attitude and thought, Huerta became a key person within the commission that would have to go with Porfirio Díaz into exile.
During the interim performance in office of Francisco León de la Barra, and until the appointment of Francisco I. Madero, exercised from 1911 to 1913, Victoriano Huerta, was fully dedicated to battling with rancor and tenacity against the followers of the revolutionary agrarian Emiliano Zapata.
In November 1911, after Francisco I. Madero occupied the presidency of the Republic, General Huerta decided to leave behind the military profession, however, he was later convinced to continue the battle against the agrarian leaders: Pascual Orozco and Emiliano Zapata, being the last of these, who prepared the Plan of Ayala, being a political program with content demanding the prompt revolution of the indigenous lands, which had been stripped from them under the command of Porfirio Díaz.
Victoriano Huerta founded in Torreón, a city in the state of Coahuila, located in the Northeast of Mexico, the so-called Northern Division, managing to defeat the Orozquistas in Conejos, Rellano, La Cruz and Bachimba, being one trite away from assassinating the famous Pancho Villa.
Barely a few days later, after the Pascual Orozco revolution was defeated, General Huerta, together with the army, became the primary base for Madero's presidency to continue active, due to his conservative ties and as well as the intervention in the blockade supply of weapons for the antimaderistas, placed by the North American government. In the month of September, Madero appointed him as Secretary of War in the nation's capital and managed to dominate a new uprising.
The Tragic Ten: violent events
As a result of the impetuous events that occurred in the so-called Tragic Decade, developed from February 9 to 13, 1913, the course of the Aztec country should be definitively transformed.
On February 9, 1913, the outbreak of the second counterrevolutionary insurrection began, under the command of Generals Reyes and Mondragón. After taking over the Penitentiary and setting General Félix Díaz free, the astute Victoriano Huerta, pretending that he was in favor of constitutional President Madero, was appointed by him as Military Commander of Mexico City, supplanting General Laura Villar, who died during the battle.
Meanwhile, Huerta, in his capacity as the position he held, planned the betrayal, an event that marks him in the history of the nation. He meets confidentially with the conspirators and later with the United States ambassador, Henry Lane Wilson, Huerta makes a plan to prevent Felipe Ángeles' reinforcements from arriving in the capital city and launch a coup.
Using it as an excuse that will provide them with protection, Huerta intercepted Madero together with his vice president, named Pino Suárez, whom he convinced to abandon their positions, offering them a guarantee that they would leave the capital unharmed.
When his resignations were made public to the members of Congress, they immediately proceeded to appoint Pedro Lascuráin an interim president, whose government lasted a short time of forty-five minutes, necessary to abandon the presidency, while General Victoriano Huerta resigned. was in charge of the constitutional presidency.
From that moment, for Madero and Pino Suárez, the days were counted. Then, on February 22, the assassins belonging to Huerta took care of the two politicians, although not far from the Capital District penitentiary, they were annihilated at gunpoint.
Given the fact, in order to justify the murder, they gave as an official version, the practice of escape law, confirming that the two politicians had died due to the intersecting shots by the military forces and thugs who tried to free them.
The presidency of Victoriano Huerta -1913-1914
Cleverly Victoriano Huerta, gradually pushes aside his most important competitors, seeks to fragment the opposition and challenged the Chamber of Deputies, ending up establishing in the Republic a militaristic government with a bloody touch, which initially had the collaboration of the majority of the middle classes.
However, later it was found that it was further apart than constitutionalism, governed by Venustiano Carranza, who had the collaboration of the agrarians Pancho Villa and Emiliano Zapata, achieving repeated military triumphs.
Evidently, his political condition was based on eternalizing himself in power, regardless of the price it would cost him, which was full of mistakes, and after despising one of the political people who gave him his support, General Félix Díaz, and disappearing The congress.
New competitors were formed with events such as the "levas", which means compulsory recruitment of the population to serve in the army, of the peaceful population, to take them as cannon fodder, as well as the death of the deputies: Rendón, Domínguez and Gurrón, and other professionals, business owners and public workers.
For Victoriano Huerta, his most serious fault was attacking US interests by making the decision to accept the British offers linked to oil concessions. At that time, the North American Democratic president, Woodrow Wilson, preferred to withdraw Huerta's support and take an open turn for the constitutionalist insurgents.
Then, before the occupation of Veracruz, due to the presence of the US Marines, and before the expiration of Huerta's federal forces in Zacatecas, under the control of Pancho Villa, President Victoriano Huerta handed in his resignation from office. that he carried out, in the hands of the lawyer Francisco S. Carvajal, and began with his exile, which first went to London and later to Spain.
Meanwhile, the First World War was in full action, and the German diplomats: Franz von Rintelen and Franz von Papen, proposed any amount of economic and war aid, so that he would return to Mexico, in addition to taking advantage of internal opposition of constitutionalism, and will return to power again, in exchange for declaring battle against the United States.
Then, Victoriano Huerta, decided to embark in the city of Cádiz bound for New York where he was arrested in the company of Pascual Orozco, while they were at the Newman railway station in New Mexico, being accused of colluding in favor of Germany.
But, due to his weak state of health, he was released on a ranch he owned in El Paso, Texas, but after Orozco's escape, Victoriano Huerta was confined in the Fort Bliss military prison, where he gave his last sigh due to liver cirrhosis, on January 13, 1916.
It should be noted that the character of Victoriano Huerta, it is not easy to disappear from the dark historical context of the violent events that shook Mexico and its inhabitants during the twentieth century that marked its history.
The character of Victoriano Huerto was captured in Mexican history as the author of an immense betrayal that ended the existence of Madero, as well as the hopes that were held in those days to enjoy a contemporary program.
Victoriano Huerta, enjoyed great skill and cunning, which led him to act with strategy, his simulated honesty and fidelity with the desire to establish a new power, his ability to establish himself at the right point and at the best time.
With what political death generated without reservations to immediately implant a bloody regime and also with apparent investiture, in a legal way, they have transformed him into a greedy military figure, unceremoniously alcoholic, apt to slaughter the nation for his own miserable interests .
Legacy of Victoriano Huerta
Regarding this aspect, little positive comment can be made about Huerta's character. Even prior to the revolutionary events, he was a man widely repudiated for his cruel reprimand of indigenous populations throughout the Aztec country.
He continually took the wrong path, he protected the corrupt dictatorship of Porfirio Díaz, prior to the conspiracy to defeat Madero, being one of the rare and authentic visionaries of the revolution.
He was a competent commander, as evidenced by his military triumphs, however, his followers did not like him, while his opponents completely relegated him.
He was able to achieve something that no one else had done: he made Zapata, Villa, Obregón and Carranza work together. While these insurgent commanders only agreed that: Huerta was not fit to be president. In fact, Huerta is hated by Mexicans.
Curiosities of his life
Victoriano Huerta, was an individual given to drunkenness, for which he became an alcoholic. Characteristic that was no obstacle to maintain the cunning attitude of him. His friends say that the more he drank he seemed to get better and clear his mind.