Characteristics of Baroque Architecture and Styles

On this occasion we bring you through this excellent article the baroque architecture which originated in the city of Rome in the year 1605, being a movement that developed until the mid-eighteenth century specifically in urban planning, cathedrals and much more. Don't stop reading it!

BAROQUE ARCHITECTURE

What is Baroque Architecture?

You should know in the first instance that Baroque Architecture is an artistic movement that dates back to the year 1605 having its origin in the city of Rome and it spread throughout the European and American continent until the XNUMXth century.

This word baroque has its origin from the Portuguese term barocco which corresponds to an irregularly shaped pearl and was used as an offensive way to name this form of style that has no order where compositions were used where the main theme was points, ellipses, curves and spirals.

Even in this Baroque Architecture, polycentric images are evidenced where various motifs were evidenced which face each other, so the discipline of architecture is complemented by other arts such as painting, stucco work and sculpture.

In addition, this movement in some nations that make up the European continent, such as England, France and Northern Europe, was working with an artistic movement known as baroque classicism.

Being the eighteenth century in the French nation where Baroque Architecture was gestated due to its abundance in ornamental decorations known as Rococo influencing various European nations.

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You should be aware that Baroque Architecture originates from the Late Renaissance, since from the XNUMXth century one of the great artists of this time predicted the Baroque movement through the dome of St. Peter's Basilica in the city of Rome by Michelangelo.

Likewise, another construction stands out, such as the staircase that allows access to the Laurentian Library of this same Roman city and created by the previous author, being the precursor of Baroque Architecture.

This new style ascended from the city of Rome to other nations of the European continent from the year 1630 to 1670 and reaching the eighteenth century where a new form of art known as rococo was created, which can be determined as the last stage of Baroque architecture. .

Schools of Baroque Architecture

Remember that this style of Baroque Architecture was despised by Modern History since this artistic movement was considered anticlassical, very similar to Gothic, but in the XNUMXth century, many avant-garde artists have taken this type of architecture very seriously.

We have already told you that the word Baroque has to do with irregularity, which means that this type of structure is not harmonious and was widely used in nations where the absolute power of the monarchy existed.

Where society is stratified and the State is the one that intervenes in the actions to be followed and the religious aspect is part of this art, since religion is divided into Protestants and Catholics, so each one will carry out constructions according to their interest.

For what is found in Baroque Architecture various types of schools demonstrating its great diversity in the fine arts being the following:

Absolutist Baroque Architecture

It is very common in the French nation through the reigns of Louis XIII, XIV and XV thanks to the economic boom in that period of time.

The Catholic Church is next to the State, so it shows its great power through the constructions of Baroque Architecture where it demonstrated its magnificence.

bourgeois baroque

This type of Baroque Architecture triumphs in the Protestant nations specifically in the Dutch nation for being a great upturn in the bourgeois revolution thanks to the painting where the group painting is presented and this was a great advance for society.

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Due to the economic boom of this nation that was independent, they made a diversity of constructions related to Baroque Architecture.

Catholic Baroque Architecture

Through the construction of Baroque Architecture, it presents the triumph of the Catholic Church over the Protestant Church and to demonstrate its power, it uses the luxury and wealth it possesses to design enormous religious temples.

Demonstrates the power of the Catholic Church and builds new buildings for greater access to believers, it is created in Italy, in the Spanish nation and in southern Germany.

Styles of this artistic movement

Likewise, other types of styles of the School of Baroque Architecture can be called according to the historical moment that arose, such as the following:

Solomonic Baroque Architecture

It bears this name for giving the construction greater lightness through enormous columns. It is also known by the term helicoidal. An example of them in the New World is the Cathedral of Zacatecas and San Luis.

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Estipite Baroque Style

Here high vertices are built in Baroque Architecture in an inverted way using four elements being the base, the cube, the stipe and the capital.

The high vertex pyramid is used but in an inverted way. In addition, the structure used in religious temples on the floors is the Latin cross.

Purist Baroque Model

He used the elements of classical architecture as well as curves and other elements such as Plateresque in buildings.

In this model, they were in charge of distorting the secondary elements such as pediments, entablatures and finials. It was used in the first half of the XNUMXth century.

Talaveresque Baroque

It uses materials such as tiles and clay in addition to glass in its architectural works to cover the domes and facades with textures that later allowed the pictorial works to be added to the walls and ceilings of religious temples.

The Stucco Style

This representation of Baroque Architecture is much more decorative and educational as it learns to make new compositions to decorate buildings through experimentation.

Architectural use is scarce, it was used with a greater rebound between the XNUMXth and XNUMXth centuries, specifically in plasterwork between the towns of Puebla and Oaxaca.

Mexican Baroque

In this style, the cube geometric figure is used, it tends to be used in an introverted way and makes the altarpiece attract the viewer's gaze with respect to the structures, which are spacious, sober and mobility is not very expressive.

Mobile Groove Style

Here the shafts of the columns through optical illusion acquire movement in a wavy or zigzag manner.

Baroque Checkered

Pilasters are used where the shaft requires a board, in addition stone versions are made on the doors as well as cupboard leaves or furniture. An example of this model is observed in the Mexican nation in the Cathedral of Morelia.

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Tritostyle style

Here the first third of the columns tend to be accentuated, as can be seen in the cathedral of Oaxaca in the Aztec country.

Characteristics of Baroque Architecture

As you already know, Baroque Architecture was born in the Italian nation and from there it spread to France and from this country it spread to the rest of Europe, so this movement flourished at the end of the XNUMXth century until the end of the XNUMXth century.

During this period, Baroque Architecture is distributed to other nations, arriving in Spain where one of the families was responsible for the spread of this style, the same surname was Churrigueresco, which is why this movement is known by this name in the history of art.

From Spain, Baroque Architecture is transferred to the New World, specifically to Latin America, where this architectural resource was used to demonstrate the power of the Roman Catholic Church over the power of the Protestant Church.

It was also used to demonstrate the power of its rulers in civil works, so Baroque Architecture used this form of construction to demonstrate the power of the first Catholic kings as history indicates. Among the most outstanding qualities of Baroque Architecture are the following:

Dynamism

In this type of Baroque Architecture, movement is given to the construction through the implement of curved lines which alternate with concave and even convex lines.

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Allowing the creation of warped facades and with Baroque Architecture, the architectural works are complemented thanks to the dual contrasts such as Light - Dark, Curve - Straight and Close - Far in the designs that are made.

The excess of curved lines as well as decorative details as an ornament of the buildings giving a sense of movement in the structure is implemented in the domes, domes and towers in the designs.

The use of classical forms

In Baroque Architecture, classical forms are used, but their intention is very different, they only have a decorative purpose.

As is the case with broken entablatures, pediments, classical and Solomonic columns with a twisted shaft just so that it serves as an ornament in interior design and even preference is given to the oval instead of using the circle.

It maintained the symmetry of Renaissance architecture in addition to the use of crooked columns as a decorative medium and not as a support as in ancient Greece and Rome.

The use of the Vault and the Domes

In the various constructions of religious temples and civil works, in addition to palaces, the dome and the vault were preferably used, the oval ones being chosen.

Another of the qualities that were evident in Baroque Architecture is the abundance of windows in architectural works with large naves where other fine arts are implemented, such as sculpture and painting, creating optical illusions.

Abundance of decorative elements

Relief was used in Baroque Architecture buildings in addition to contrast and the dualities already mentioned above such as light - dark.

In addition to the implementation of gardens as part of the landscape, venturing into elements related to botany and the use of rectangular plates for the construction of Baroque Architecture buildings.

Likewise, the decoration of the interiors of the structures with beautiful frescoes on the ceilings and on the walls, most of them with religious motifs, is observed in Baroque Architecture.

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Quest for Spirituality

Through Baroque Architecture, he was interested in expressing emotion specifically towards believers of Catholic doctrine, due to this the large number of constructions of religious temples.

They were based on the implementation of chiaroscuro, the representation of movement through curved lines in order to accentuate perception in the viewer.

Baroque Architecture was based on forms and the use of balance as well as the use of light in the design of its buildings.

Elements that integrate baroque architecture

In Baroque Architecture, the ornamental elements are part of the exterior and interior structure of the buildings, for which a large number of terms are applied that demonstrate the beautiful, exuberant, theatrical, festive, sensual, even pompous and triumphant.

The Church must show its triumph and vitality against the Protestant Church as well as the absolutist rulers of nations such as France, Austria, among others.

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They must show their opulence, thus giving political publicity thanks to the multiple constructions that were carried out in this period of history.

As a result, a great variety of decorative elements is observed in Baroque Architecture, such is the case of musical angels that flew on the roofs of the structures.

Like the making of garlands with juicy fruits and flowers of exuberant beauty that demonstrated the prosperity and eloquence not only of the church but of the monarchy.

It is observed that in the vases, as well as in the braziers and chandeliers, a flame came out, demonstrating the light that is sought to meet this complex man who lives in a complex city full of beauty.

The plants of the structures are no longer circular but elliptical, showing that there is always movement in all objects as well as in their facades and the use of light was an alternative to create windows, walls, domes and play with natural light.

As for the coverings, they were arched and the domes seek a contrast with the towers of different sizes and profiles and in different locations to play with the viewer's view using fantasy as part of the structure.

With respect to the wall, it is the main support and one of its characteristics is that it must be dynamic, allowing the floor plan to be flexible.

As for the arches that were used in Baroque Architecture, they are diverse, including elliptical, oval, semicircular, among others. the columns are presented in a crooked way and they are decorated with fruits and the Solomonic column is born.

As for the plastic values, they demonstrate the liberation of forms and present movement in addition to the play of volumes in the interior spaces, providing a theatrical and mysterious atmosphere.

Historical and Geographic Context

As you know, Architecture began in Italy with very representative figures such as Gian Lorenzo Bernini and Francesco Borromini, and in Spain due to the economic deficit that had arisen, this movement entered but without embellishments.

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Therefore, the style of the Spanish nation is sober and measured, inclined towards the classic and from there they transferred Baroque Architecture to the American continent together with pre-Columbian art, for which the use of bright colors was used.

Highlighting the architectural works of the Mexican, Peruvian and Cuban Baroque style for the use of new elements typical of the American landscape and the inclusion of the techniques of the natives of the region.

With respect to the nations Germany and Austria, the Baroque Architecture that Italy and France professed influenced, where the power of royalty was observed, so buildings with exuberant decorations were created mainly inside them.

They played with natural light creating an extraordinary luminosity in the rooms that later gave way to another movement known as Rococo, since bright, clear and soft colors are integrated into it.

On the other hand, in England the balance of the structures and the austerity in their constructions prevailed and little use of the decorations in the buildings carried out.

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Areas in which Baroque Architecture developed

This type of Baroque Architecture was generated in various construction spaces, demonstrating in each of its buildings a great enhancement and beautiful ornaments that were demonstrated in its compositions, as we will detail in this interesting article.

Urbanism

Thanks to Baroque Architecture, a transformation is observed in the way of understanding the city as the capital of a State symbolizing a power in the field of politics and the formal elements come to life in the face of Greek idealism.

Therefore, in Baroque Architecture, the buildings symbolize the magnanimity of their ruler and the larger the buildings, the greater the ideal to build, being dynamic and open to the limits that restrict it, making it a point of reference in the territorial space.

Well, in the Renaissance movement the city was closed in on itself within the walls that protected its inhabitants and public spaces were scarce, while in Baroque Architecture the city is seen as a whole where public spaces are indispensable.

Therefore, Urbanism is part of the landscape, integrating with the outside, forming new structures where the city is exposed to the natural environment through the buildings that are made in this artistic period.

Cathedrals

The cathedrals are the headquarters of the bishops in the new world and they seek to integrate them with the urban landscape through the volume of the building that symbolized the power of God in the hands of civilians throughout the history of Baroque Architecture.

In the middle of the XNUMXth century, an ornamental technique known as Las Yeserías originates, where illustrations of texts are made.

Thanks to these skilled artisans who came from Spain and settled in the new world, specifically in Puebla in the fourth decade of the XNUMXth century.

His work spread throughout the American continent with other techniques that were originating, such is the case of Mortar, which is a mixture of sand and lime.

Which was applied in the frames and dressed the interiors of the religious temples thanks to the Baroque Architecture including stones in the walls and in the vaults.

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Adorning the surfaces of buildings with excellent quality, creating a new expression between the plastic, matching nature and eliminating the symmetry of architecture, forming a new mobility in the constructions of Baroque Architecture.

Churches or Religious Temples

One of the first churches that form the point of origin of Baroque Architecture corresponds to the Church of the Gesu that is located in the city of Rome, it was built in 1568 according to the design of the great architect Jacopo Vignola.

This building demonstrates the new design of Baroque Architecture according to the longitudinal layout of the space so that a greater number of believers could congregate.

They were interconnected with the Latin cross of the chapels that were around them, demonstrating a practice of the Council of Trent. Being a figure of great importance in the religious field the cardinal named Borromeo.

The representation of a dome showed the union with the Almighty through the conjugation of both built spaces such as the longitudinal and the centralized.

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Even the facade made in Baroque Architecture demonstrated the composition of its elements as evidenced in the church of San Andrés del Valle and Santa Susanna.

For this reason, the creation of religious temples was expanded where both spaces were joined, the longitudinal one with the central one where it is carried out through the dome, which is a compositional element of Baroque Architecture.

A point to take into account in Baroque Architecture is the structural transformation and facade of the churches creating a new conception of the built space.

Well, the facades were no longer a logical continuation of the interior of the temple, but rather a unique creation where plastic elements were used to show the transition from the interior to the exterior of the building thanks to Baroque Architecture.

Well, in the interior space, the composition of a range of complex figures where ellipses and curved lines interact, showing a movement in the space created where there is no symmetry in the constructions made.

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In the Palaces or Castles

With regard to the construction of royal castles, Baroque architecture was also implemented, where palaces were built in the cities and villas in the countryside for the enjoyment and rest of the families of the monarchy.

One of the most impressive were the buildings of the Italian palaces, constituting a new form of residence in the Italian nation.

With respect to these buildings, the floor plan was designed in the form of the letter H, with respect to the entrance, it was in a deep atrium which, as they moved, became increasingly narrow, reaching an elliptical room which fulfilled the function of be the center of the palace.

With respect to the French nation, this new urban palace created by Baroque architecture was known in this country by the name of Hotel, but in this aspect it maintained the appearance of medieval castles, being a stronger climate, sunlight was required in the large spaces.

Due to this, thanks to the Baroque Architecture, facades that required to be staggered and with wide lateral wings were originated where the central space was protected thanks to a space that allowed the connection between the castle and the city.

This can currently be evidenced in the Luxembourg Palace in the city of Paris, which was built in 1615, the architect of this work of Baroque architecture being Salomón de Brosse.

Where it can be highlighted the angular pavilions were created for main halls on each floor of the castle building.

Likewise, Baroque Architecture stands out in the construction of castles in the fields as residential villas which were known by the term Chateaux, creating excellent residential complexes that were ordered according to the landscape environment.

Among them, the Palace of Vaux – le – Vicomte, created between 1656 and 1659 designed by the architect Louis Le Vau, is mentioned for its exceptional beauty.

Like the Palace of Versailles, which became the highest representative of French power at that time, carried out by Le Vau under the orders of King Louis XIV.

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Landscaping in Baroque Architecture

It is important to highlight that this movement found its greatest rebound in the French garden, specifically in the creations made by André Le Notre.

This type of landscape is conceived in this nation as an infinite space that is ordered through the implementation of geometric figures centering the palace.

Giving an infinite look and demonstrating the majesty of the prevailing castle being the other elements related to the landscape integrating two worlds: the urban one created by the hands of man with the world of nature.

One of the great examples of Baroque Architecture is the Palace of Versailles where the essence of the environment is represented in the building made in the XNUMXth century where dominance, openness and dynamism are evident.

For this reason, at the end of this century, transformations were carried out that demonstrated a centralized system and the landscape infinitely extended around the built constructions, demonstrating the power of the monarch in the field of landscape for the inhabitants of the region.

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Due to this, the city is part of natural urbanism thanks to the landscape, integrating the exterior with the interior of the buildings, forming part of the space.

Well, the buildings are opened thanks to the Baroque Architecture creating an interaction between the natural and the man-made through the landscape.

The cunning of Baroque Architecture from a critical perspective

It is essential to emphasize that Baroque Architecture was not created with the purpose of being understood through theories of knowledge.

But to be perceived through the senses creating in the viewer emotional and not rational sensations as in other artistic movements.

So this movement was born in two contexts well defined by history in the seventeenth century in the first instance the advancement of science thanks to the Renaissance and classicism that could not clarify the unknowns facing human beings at that particular time.

The Universe that was known until then was no longer the same because the world had expanded and human beings were searching for experimentation between the divine and the metaphysical.

It is here that Baroque Architecture takes part through the compositions of space through the use of ellipses, which at that time was something innovative and anti-Euclidean, being a response to the needs and interests of the time.

With respect to the other context, it corresponds to the Counter-Reformation, which was promoted by the Catholic Church, since at the origin of Protestantism, new aspects and visions are observed before looking at the sacred.

So the Catholic Church had to renew itself so as not to lose its believers through the artistic field, so Baroque Architecture was promoted thanks to the Church in the New World.

Researchers such as Revilla Manuel G., Diego Ángulo and José Juan Tablada perceive a division of the Baroque Architecture of the XNUMXth and XNUMXth centuries.

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The main author Revilla comments that in the XNUMXth century Baroque architecture matures, where there is an ornamentation of the pilasters and panels.

Demonstrating that the lines are broken giving way to infinity in the composition of the forms integrating sculpture as part of the decoration of religious constructions.

There is talk in Mexico of a Baroque Architecture known as the Mexican churrigueresque, very typical of the XNUMXth century, where the creation of domes and immense bell towers are observed, where the sanctuaries demonstrate the austerity of the Basilicas.

Spread of Baroque Architecture in the XNUMXth century

As we had already mentioned, the origin of Baroque Architecture was born in Italy, specifically in the city of Rome, being one of the forerunners of this movement Michelangelo thanks to the dome he built for the Basilica of Saint Peter.

Italy

The elements of Baroque Architecture are still evident on the facade of this religious temple which was created between 1607 and 1626, where Maderno and Bernini were integrated.

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It is important to note that the Baroque architecture that was built in what we know today as the Italian peninsula, many of these cities were under the power of foreign powers, such as Spain, from 1559 to 1773.

Then Austria took power over the cities of Italy from 1713 to 1796. Therefore, in the city of Rome starting in the XNUMXth century and from there it moved to the other nations that make up the European continent and thanks to Spain it became moved to the New World.

As you already know, Baroque Architecture is a derogatory term due to the lack of order and regularity in the composition of its works and buildings that the defenders of Classicism who were influenced by the Enlightenment thanks to rationalism saw in this type of artistic movement a lack of taste. .

Therefore, the essential qualities of Baroque Architecture correspond to the decoration and theatricality of the curved lines through polycentric buildings where an interconnection was observed that was difficult to decipher.

Well, all the constructions of the Baroque Architecture had to present astonishment for the spectators through the ornamental exuberance.

With the implementation of the other fine arts such as painting, sculpture and Etruscan for the composition of the space, demonstrating an adequate game between the lights and shadows in the space to be decorated.

Baroque Architecture was not only used by the Catholic Church, even the Protestants of Northern Europe and Orthodox Slavic nations also implemented the modalities of this decorative discipline in their constructions.

This Baroque Architecture coincides with the birth of the architectural works that belong to the Society of Jesus founded in 1537, helping to promote the foundations of the Catholic Church as well as evangelizing the inhabitants of the New World.

Plus the Council of Trent between the years 1545 and 1563 reforming the excesses of the doctrine of the Catholic Church that was clouded by the scandal caused by the indulgences and creating new orders such as the Jesuits, Barnabites, Theatines and Oratorians.

Which demanded new religious sanctuaries that allowed believers to obtain enthusiasm and amazement in the publicity towards the Catholic faith and the decorations were increasingly expansive throughout the European continent.

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Therefore, in Baroque Architecture, basic elements of Renaissance architecture were taken, such as domes and colonnades.

They were designed so that they were taller and more majestic, better decorated and with greater theatricality to achieve the effects in the interior space, Quadrature or trompe-l'oeil painting was used together with sculpture.

The spectator had to place his gaze towards the ceiling of the buildings where a group of sculpted angels could be observed, as well as figures painted on the ceiling of these churches, so that natural light was part of the scene through the domes typical of Architecture. baroque

Where golden pain abounds without forgetting the twisted columns to give the sensation of movement while looking at the top of the religious temple, the stairs being a central element of this art in its constructions.

This style of Baroque Architecture is evidenced in works by Carlo Maderno, as is the case of the facade he created in Santa Susanna between 1585 and 1603, as well as in the facade and part of the nave of San Pedro del Vatican between the years 1603 and 1626.

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Other religious temples that we cannot fail to mention are the Basilica of Sant' Andrea della Valle between 1608 and 1625. This façade was completed thanks to the ingenuity of Carlo Rinaldi between 1655 and 1665.

There is also another façade that stands out in the Baroque Architecture carried out by Martino Longhi, who was known as El Joven between 1644 and 1650, the façade of the religious temple such as the Church of Saints Vincent and Anastasius.

Where the central axis of the facades stands out through the use of pilasters gradually as well as semi-columns and columns. Due to this, this movement of Baroque Architecture reached the ascent between the years 1625 and 1675 in the hands of Gian Lorenzo Bernini. Francesco Borromini and Pietro da Cortona.

Where they allowed to develop in the Baroque Architecture an extension of the language referred to this artistic movement where the religious temples are part of the greatest rise of constructions of that moment in history.

Like the palaces and the transformations of the urban space due to the support of Pope Sixtus V as well as the technical activities of Domenico Fontana that allowed the first urban transformation of the city of Rome.

For this reason, new roads and displacements were built on the axes to be built in a straight way, allowing the elaboration of public spaces thanks to Baroque architecture, as is the case of the Plaza del Popolo, Navona and San Pedro and even other civil buildings.

It is essential that you know that the constructions of the Baroque Architecture crossed the limits of the city reaching the town of Turin where the Court of Savoy was very akin to this innovative movement.

That allowed him to promote his political power through the performance of the following architects Filippo Juvarra, Bernardo Vittone and Guarino Guarini.

For what the city extends as well as the residences of the inhabitants of the royal house of Savoy and villas as well as palaces in the town of Turin, among which the chapel of the Holy Shroud, the Carignano palace and the Church of San Lorenzo located in Guarini.

Baroque architecture was so surprising that it spread to the city of Milan as well as in the city of Venice where architectural works stand out, such as the Basilica of Santa Maria della Salute.

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Created by Baldassare Longhena where an octagonal floor plan is evident which is adjacent to the sanctuary surrounded by two apses.

In the city of Naples, the architectural work of Cosimo Fanzago, Francesco Grimaldi and Ferdinando Sanfelice can be seen, evidencing the royal chapel of the Treasury of San Gennaro as well as the Palazzo dello Spagnolo and the church of Santa Maria Egiziaca.

Where the integration of ornaments from the Spanish Plateresque is observed, another of the cities that was attracted by Baroque architecture is the city of Sicily after the earthquake that occurred in 1693.

Where several religious temples with the characteristics of Baroque Architecture were built, being the Cathedral of Sant'agata located in Catania as well as the Cathedral of San Giorgio in the town of Ragusa.

On the other hand, the city of Tuscany for the moment remained assiduous in the late Mannerist movement as evidenced by the construction of the Chapel of the Princes and with respect to the constructions of Baroque Architecture, they began at the beginning of the XNUMXth century.

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With regard to the last stage of Baroque architecture in the Italian nation, it is established in the city of Naples thanks to the Palace of Casetas made by Luigi Vanvitelli.

Who followed the model of the other Bourbon palaces, such as the Palace of Versailles and the Royal Palace of Madrid, which maintain their interrelation with the surrounding landscape.

Spain

At the time that Baroque Architecture arrived in the Spanish nation, it encountered an economic deficit in the reign of Felipe III and in the XNUMXth century it entered but its constructions were not very significant.

The greatest use was made in the decoration of religious temples, which was very quickly absorbed by the less educated inhabitants and had its transcendence in the New World.

Among the constructions that represent Baroque architecture in Spain is the collegiate church of San Isidro in the city of Madrid during the 1629th century, which began in XNUMX.

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We can also mention the Church of Santa María Magdalena located in the city of Granada which began in the year 1677, very similar to the structure of the buildings in the Italian area, in addition to the Basilica of the Virgen de los Desamparados located in the city of Valencia. containing an elliptical plant.

Stages that make up Baroque Architecture in Spain

These stages are formed in the Spanish nation in three periods, being the following in the history of Baroque Architecture:

Post Herrerian or Purist Period

It includes the first two three parts of the seventeenth century due to the economic deficit in the reign of Felipe III the constructions show simplicity, austerity and sobriety.

Obviously, the low material liquidity does not allow the beauty and exuberance in the materials as in other nations and the poverty of the materials used in Baroque Architecture is observed, as is the case of brick, plaster and rammed earth.

The straight line is used instead of the curve and the temples have the structure of the Church of the Gesu belonging to the company of Jesus, their facades show the same simplicity that prevails in the building.

An example of these constructions is evident in the Collegiate Church of San Isidro in the city of Madrid, which was made by the company of Jesus.

Its floor plan is designed in the form of a Latin cross similar to that of Gesú, there is also the Church of the Incarnation also located in the city of Madrid.

There is even the Madrid Prison, which today is located in this building to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, as well as the house of the Villa de Madrid.

In addition to the Plaza Mayor in Madrid, where an Escorial style is evident due to the seriousness of the implementation of the closed lines.

Period corresponding to the end of the XNUMXth century

Finally, Baroque Architecture begins to take its course in Spanish constructions where decorative forms make their way through giant Solomonic columns allowing greater movement in constructions and facades.

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The forms that allow movement to the constructions of the Baroque Architecture were included, such as the oval or concave plants where the facade of the Cathedral of Granada stands out, made by the architect Alonso Cano, where semicircular arches are presented.

Another of the architectural works that can be mentioned are found in Spain are the Bell Tower and the Clock Tower made by Domingo de Andrade, they are located in the town of Santiago de Compostela.

National Current of Baroque Architecture better known as Churrigueresque

The construction of buildings promoted Baroque Architecture during the XNUMXth century, absorbing the activities carried out by the Italian nation.

Where the construction of complex plants is presented where the curve and the half curve are used, as well as domes such as the one made by the architect Francisco Bautista in this century of history.

Where the double dome is presented where wood and plaster are used and on the outside the height of the monument is demonstrated, allowing a greater constitution of the built spaces and at the same time the spaces for believers of the Catholic doctrine are larger.

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A greater ornament is observed in the constructions of the Baroque Architecture to the excess, achieving a new style that is known by the name of Churrigueresco, which is the last name of the family that was in charge of elaborating a greater number of architectural works.

Among the buildings that stand out in this period of Baroque Architecture are the Colegio de Anaya y Calatrava located in the city of Valladolid as well as the Plaza Mayor that is located in the city of Salamanca.

It also highlights the Puente de Toledo in the city of Madrid created by Pedro Ribera as well as the Hospice of Madrid as well as other constructions that are typical of Baroque architecture in Spain such as San Telmo in the city of Seville.

Likewise, images of Catholic doctrine enter Baroque Architecture, such as rosaries, relics, tabernacles, sacristies and images that allow great devotion on the part of believers through the implementation of elements such as natural light, painting and sculptures.

For what is demonstrated in Baroque Architecture theatrical composition through great architects such as Remigio del Mármol, José Álvarez Cubero, Juan de Dios Santaella, among others.

Bourbon style

It is essential that you know that the Bourbon dynasty is present in Churrigueresque architecture but it is of French origin which is closer to the classical and moves away from the excesses of Churrigueresque architecture.

So you will see that Bourbon Baroque Architecture likes wide spaces with an orderly construction between the buildings that represent this style.

In the first instance, the Granja de San Ildefonso, which was entrusted to Teodoro Ardemáns, you can also appreciate the Palacio de Aranjuez made by Santiago Bonavía and the Palacio Real de Madrid designed by Giovanni Battista Sacchetti and Filippo Juvara.

the french nation

Baroque architecture in this nation was also known by the name of French Classicism and it flourished in this country under the reign of Louis XIII between the years 1610 to 1643.

Then in the succession of another king named Louis XIV between 1643 and 1715, as well as in the following reign of Louis XV between 1715 and 1774.

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During this period of time, majestic architectural constructions were made that demonstrated the greatness of absolutist royalty.

Specifically in the reign of Felipe XIV known as the Sun King who transmits wisdom and light to all subjects illuminating the entire nation with his power.

Being the Palace of Versailles the example of his grandeur as king of France showing to have absolute power thanks to the economic boom that this country enjoyed during this period of time in history.

Due to this, various constructions of Baroque Architecture combined with Renaissance classicism could be carried out and at the end of the XNUMXth century neoclassical architecture was developed.

The French decide to call classic the Baroque Architecture carried out in the reign of Louis XIV and his successors so as not to use the derogatory word Baroque.

BAROQUE ARCHITECTURE

Therefore, the Palace of Versailles is a clear example of the Italian cultural influence in the French nation, being a turning point the one that corresponds to the month of April of the year 1665 with the rejection that the architect Bernini made to build the Louvre colonnade.

Somewhat surprisingly, the most famous architect of this period was rejected by the court of France but influenced the constructions of the other nations of Europe in the XNUMXth century.

Among the first buildings of Baroque Architecture in France are those made by the architect Jacques Lemercier in the Sorbonne Chapel in 1635, as well as those by François Mansart who built the Château de Maisons – Laffitte between the years 1624 to 1626.

Then they became interested in making the facade of the Louvre Palace between 1667 and 1670, being responsible Louis Le Vau and Claude Perrault.

Likewise, civil works were developed thanks to the development of the bourgeoisie as an aristocratic society where chateaux were presented in the countryside.

As is the case of the Chateau de Dampierre, which was prepared by order of the Duke of Chevreuse, as was the Château de Blois, but the most outstanding of all is the Palace of Versailles from 1669 to 1685, with Le Vau in charge and then Jules Hardouin Mansart finished the work.

The interest of Baroque Architecture in the construction of buildings and the power of the monarch of France where his rooms had to be located in the center of the palace from the east-west axis and the halls of the palace were dedicated to the Roman deities or to a planet.

So the Palace of Versailles, thanks to Baroque Architecture, becomes a symbol of power and political advertising where exuberance and waste are demonstrated, which spread in various European nations thanks to the beauty of its gardens and the majesty of the Palace. French.

Baroque Architecture is enriched with the ingenuity and creativity of French architecture through the construction of the margins, stairs and the interior gallery, being the Luxembourg Palace created between the years 1615 and 1631.

From the architect Salomón de Brosse, the model to follow with three structures for the construction of the palace complemented with sloping ceilings as well as ornamented with the stone facade like the Pitti Palace.

BAROQUE ARCHITECTURE

England

Even the English nation was immersed in the construction of medieval buildings and it is The Queen's House located in Greenwich that places the point of change towards Baroque Architecture.

They are two rectangular blocks that are joined by a bridge. Today it is a World Heritage Site thanks to UNESCO. This construction rises from the main floor that opens onto a garden through a gallery of Doric columns.

Among the architects to mention in this period is Iñigo Jones as well as Isaac de Caus in charge of carrying out the Wilton House where the elegance of the rooms formed by boxes called the cube and the double cube can be observed.

Another of the architects who demonstrated art through Baroque architecture was Sir Christopher Wren, who imposed Roman classicism after the great fire that occurred in this city in 1666, and presented new ideas to rebuild the city of London.

Among the works that stands out in the landscape of this English city is the Cathedral of Saint Paul, as well as fifty other constructions of religious temples created by this great architect.

BAROQUE ARCHITECTURE

There is even evidence of the expansion of Hampton Palace commissioned by King William III of England between 1689 and 1692.

Other architects who wanted to choose Wren's style are John Vanbrugh and Nicholas Hawksmoor who were commissioned to make much larger buildings with theatrical ornamentation.

From the year 1699 they were in charge of the construction of the Howard Palace located in North Yorkshire where a wing made up of several rooms can be seen between the garden and the patio.

Between the years 1715 and 1717 they were in charge of compiling the two volumes that belong to the Vitruvius Britannicus where engravings of British constructions and the translation of the four Treaties of Andrea Palladio are observed, which brought a new transformation in Baroque Architecture.

A new movement is created in the English nation that is known by the term neo-Palladianism creating a turn towards the noble rules of antiquity as transcribed by Palladio and Iñigo Jones.

Being the main protagonist of this movement, Lord Burlington built Chiswick House, which bears a great resemblance to the works created by Palladio.

The same stands out in the residence of the Dukes of Devonshire Baroque Architecture such as Chatsworth located in Derbyshire in England created by the architect William Talman in the year 1694.

Another work that also stands out in this English nation with respect to Baroque Architecture is Blenheim Palace, which was built in 1710 by the architect John Vanbrugh for Duke Marlborough as a gift from Queen Anne.

Regarding the Netherlands

Here you will see the constructions made in Baroque architecture thanks to this movement that demonstrated the political, social and economic power of its rulers, so do not hesitate to continue reading this interesting article.

Netherlands that are in the Southern zone

In these nations, a transformation of Baroque architecture was carried out, together with Flemish ideas, since it was under the power of the Flanders.

BAROQUE ARCHITECTURE

While those on the north side were independent and had differences in terms of political ideas as well as religious aspects.

So on the south side dominated by the Flanders it was Catholic and the estate society while on the independent north side the religion was Protestant and the bourgeois revolutions began.

Likewise, the fine arts differed between the Flemish Baroque and the Dutch Baroque, primarily in painting, not to mention Baroque architecture.

In the southern part of the Netherlands, thanks to the Counter-Reformation, new constructions were created where the exuberance of the details for the decoration was observed with regard to the structure, excluding the abundance.

According to history, between the years 1596 and 1633, under the rule of Archdukes Alberto and Isabel Clara Eugenia, a transformation was observed in the new convents that were being built in this nation.

BAROQUE ARCHITECTURE

Without forgetting the civil constructions for which the Historic Center of Brussels in the year 1695 is rebuilt and many architects move to Italy to learn about Baroque Architecture.

The territorial extension of the North of the Netherlands

This Baroque architecture was known in this part of the territory with the term of Dutch Baroque, this territory was also called United Provinces.

The Netherlands being the most prosperous and populated nation of these territories, which became independent during the XNUMXth and XNUMXth centuries.

Facing Habsburg in the well-known Eighty Years' War that took place between 1568 and 1648 and differed from the Southern Netherlands because they were under the orders of a dynasty.

Well, the south was under the orders of a monarchy while the north side was independent and bourgeois in addition to practicing the Protestant religion and the dogma of the Catholic tradition on the south side.

Therefore, Baroque architecture in the Southern Netherlands was inspired by the Counter-Reformation of Bernini and Borromini, while on the north side austere productions were observed in residences such as the Orange House as well as in public buildings.

As in the English nation, work is done with Palladianism, which shows sobriety and restraint in the buildings, the republican values ​​are connected with the Antiquity of the Classic.

The designs made by the architect Hendrik de Keyser show the Venetian influence at the beginning of the 1620th century, where the North Church stands out between 1623 and 1620, as well as the Westerkerk, which is the West Church between 1631 and XNUMX in the city of Amsterdam. .

In the middle of the XNUMXth century Dutch Baroque architecture the main architects were Jacob Van Campen and Pieter Post took the ideas of Keyser.

As well as eclectic composition elements such as the giant order pilasters as well as gabled roofs, central pediments as well as bell towers.

Therefore, his creations anticipate the development that will be observed in England through the English Classicism of the architect Christopher Wren.

In the buildings, the most outstanding being the Amsterdam City Hall in 1646, which today is the Royal Palace, as well as Maastricht in 1658, both were designed by the architect Campen.

In the case of the House of Orange, it is a bourgeois mansion and not a palace where Huis ten Bosch and Mauritshuis can be mentioned, which are symmetrical constructions with huge windows but without ostentatious decoration, which is one of the qualities of Baroque architecture.

Therefore, a geometric austerity is evident in the constructions carried out in Estatúder's summer residence in Het Loo.

So many of its architects were hired in Germany to make excellent buildings as well as in Scandinavia and Russia, making their style influence other nations.

Dutch architecture spread in various territories such as the Hudson River Valley where red brick houses with gables were built and are still visible in Curaçao but colored with different colors but the same structure.

Central Europe

Baroque architecture in Central Europe is observed in the German nation between the seventeenth century and the mid-eighteenth century where a similarity is made with the Holy Roman Empire.

In addition to the possessions of the Habsburgs, for what it is these nations, this movement was carried out late due to the thirty years war that took place from the year 1618 to the year 1648.

Baroque Architecture in the New World

When Baroque Architecture is transferred from the European Continent to the New World, the integration of new elements in the composition and creation of the constructions that were carried out at that historical moment is observed.

With regard to religious temples, a preference was made in Baroque Architecture in the New World for the creation of buildings with a Latin cross floor plan, which is very common in parishes and in temples that will become convents for friars.

In the same way, single-nave structures are made for the creation of religious temples where the nuns will be housed, while in civil structures according to Baroque architecture, quadrangular structures are created around a patio, which became very common in that time. period.

As for the domes and towers, they were elements that stood out in Baroque Architecture, with Mexico being one of the countries that showed the greatest singularity with regard to these elements in their constructions.

Among the most used was the octagonal dome that ends with a small lantern, an example of it is the Santa Prisca de Taxco, but you can still see a great variety of them.

With regard to the towers in Baroque Architecture, the towers were as important as the construction of the domes, they were elevated in relation to the horizontality of the religious temple, unlike in the territories that were highly seismic, such as the case of Oaxaca. .

The decoration must also be taken into account, which is not part of the structure but rather overlapping elements, making the building obtain diverse ranges of ornaments from the indigenous and Spanish point of view.

Characteristics of Baroque Architecture in this continent

With respect to Baroque Architecture in the American continent, an exaltation is made of the new and especially of natural beauty as well as a cultural identity due to miscegenation and colonization.

In relation to the architectural works, the decorations with a large number of details are evident both on the outside, which is the facade of the churches, and on the inside.

The facades present curved lines in American Baroque Architecture as well as many details presenting the religious sphere of the Catholic Church with beautiful European decorations but transferred to American culture.

Main Representatives of Baroque Architecture

Through this article we will introduce you to the architects with the greatest trajectory in Baroque Architecture, so we will explain about each of these characters in artistic history.

Pietro Berrettini da Cortona

He was one of the representatives of Baroque Architecture. He began his career at the service of the Sacchetti family, who was in charge of the Pigneto villa. He proved to be an innovator in the creation of interior design through frescoes.

Among the architectural works of this great representative of Baroque Architecture, the façades of Santa María della Pace stand out, as well as that of Santa María in Vía Lata.

Gian Lorenzo Bernini

He is a scholar of Baroque Architecture and was a great heir to the learning of Michelangelo, one of his most important works being the Colonnade of Saint Peter.

Like the Chigi - Odescalchi Palace, which exerted a great influence on the other nations of Europe, being one of the most important civil buildings.

Francesco Borromini

He is one of the fathers of Baroque Architecture, he used various materials for the expression of this movement, demonstrating an excellent fusion between the elements he used.

There was talk in his constructions about the eccentric use to play with the illusion because the spaces he created came together without knowing where they connected. His great masterpiece is the façade of San Carlino.

louis le vau

One of the most outstanding architects of the XNUMXth century in Baroque Architecture was the architect and adviser to King Louis XIV of France. Among his works is the Palace of Versailles.

He was concerned with the effect of the architectural works and not in their detail, he integrated urban planning with garden architecture creating a great innovation in this palace of Versailles.

Jules Hardouin-Mansart

A great French architect and a worthy representative of Baroque architecture, his name is known on the Mansart roof, which is a sloping roof after a short slope. He was in charge of succeeding Le Vau in the architectural works commissioned by King Louis XIV.

He was the first designer of French windows, being a great expert in the construction of designs influencing the other nations of the European continent.

Johann Bernhard Fischer von Erlach

He is another of the representatives of the Baroque Architecture of Austrian origin, his ideas were precedents in Habsburg as evidenced in the Plan of Historical and Civil Architecture of the year 1721.

He visited Italy and learned this new movement and returned to his country with the position of court architect at the service of the three emperors, forming the tastes of the aristocracy of the Austrian nation, creating the Winter Palace of Prince Eugene of Savoy.

Bartolomeo Rastrelli

He was the son of a great architect and sculptor of Italian origin named Bartolomeo Carlo Rastrelli, but instead of staying in Italy he moved to Russia where he influenced buildings with Baroque Architecture.

There he was appointed with the position of architect of the Russian Court, among his main works is the Annenhof Palace in Moscow.

The third Winter Palace in St. Petersburg, the Summer Palace in the same locality, as well as other great architectural works.

Juan Gómez de Mora

It represents the Purism of the Spanish nation. Among its first architectural works is El Convento de la Encarnación in the city of Madrid, this construction is very sober and is linked to El Escorial.

Thanks to the implementation of an elongated façade and a pointed pediment, it demonstrates certain qualities typical of Baroque Architecture.

Among other works, we can mention the Plaza Mayor as well as the Madrid City Hall as well as the Colegio Regium, better known as the Clerecía.

Pedro Sánchez

This great architect of this movement is recognized in history by the Collegiate Church of San Isidro el Real. This building was built in 1620 and is located in the historic center of the city of Madrid.

Francis Baptist

At the end of the period of Herrerian architecture, Baroque Architecture appears thanks to the use of new forms as well as ornaments.

This type of Baroque Architecture is exuberant in the creation of facades as well as in interior design. This architect knew how to work with larger orders in addition to the implementation of chiaroscuro to create emotional sensations through the environment.

Among the buildings made by this architect is the Cathedral of San Isidro and it belongs to the idea of ​​the counter-reformist temple. It is a nave with a Latin cross-shaped plan that has a large dome and the clergyman's room is shallow.

For this construction he used six Doric columns in addition to giant pilasters and its façade is surprising because it innovated through the link in chains from top to bottom both on the outside and inside of the structure.

Alonso Carbonell

He was a worthy representative of Baroque architecture, being in charge of the Palacio del Buen Retiro as well as the Hermitage of San Antonio.

Alonso Cano

He was another architect who demonstrated a transformation in Baroque Architecture in the mid-seventeenth century using abstract forms as well as cubes, an example of this was the Puerta de Guadalajara Arch in the city of Madrid.

One of his greatest works was the Cathedral of Granada, creating a contrast between the exterior and the interior of the religious building, allowing creative freedom and medallions are evident on the columns instead of the usual capitals that were used.

Sebastian Herrera Barnuevo

He was in charge of building the church and convent of Santa María la Real de Monserrat in the city of Madrid, being one of the representatives of Baroque architecture.

The Churriguera Family

It was a family of architects, José, Joaquín and Alberto who were worthy representatives of Baroque Architecture. They worked together on the same building and it is therefore difficult to specify what works each one carried out.

José de Churriguera is the main of this family that places the Solomonic column as a characteristic and a non-structural order an example of it.

It was the Altarpiece of San Esteban de Salamanca where he used giant Solomonic columns, golden decorations and curved shapes to give movement.

Joaquín de Churriguera created the Colegio de Calatrava and Alberto the Plaza Mayor de Salamanca where large arches can be seen and where the main streets of this Spanish city come together.

Their work was so much that in a period of the history of Baroque Architecture the constructions they made are known by the term Churrigueresque.

Pedro de Ribera

He appropriates the words used by Churrigueresque but gives them their own meaning in Baroque Architecture, not only is he in charge of ornament but also of space and the design of internal structures.

He was commissioned to make the facade of the Hospice of Madrid, today it is the Municipal Museum of this city, the use of sober lines is observed, showing his ingenuity and creativity in the development of this building.

Daffodil Tome

Another of the representatives of Baroque Architecture is his best work, the Transparent of the Cathedral of Toledo in which sculpture, painting and architecture were implemented.

In materials such as marble, bronze and alabaster plus the study of natural light which accentuates the movement in the forms made.

Fernando Casa and Novoa

He made the facade of the Obradoiro of the Cathedral of Santiago de Compostela. In this representation of Baroque Architecture, various planes can be seen in sequence, which presents an optical illusion.

Making it appear that the towers are behind the central body of the structure, playing with the other decorative elements.

Leonard de Figueroa

It is another representative of Baroque Architecture in the city of Andalusia, among its greatest examples is the Church of San Luis and the College - Seminary of San Telmo in the city of Seville.

Works of Baroque Architecture of great importance

There are many works of this artistic movement that caused a stir at the time and today are visited by large numbers of tourists.

Thanks to the ingenuity and creativity of its architects at the time of its construction and in this session of this article we will explain in detail about these great works of Baroque history.

Italy

Baroque architecture was born in the city of Rome and from this city the architects who went to various nations to build buildings.

Related to this important artistic movement that demonstrated the opulence and power of the rulers of those nations such as Russia, Austria, among others.

Among the initial works of Baroque Architecture that can be enjoyed in the Italian nation is The Church of San Carlo alle Quattro Fontane it was designed by the architect Francesco Borromini.

In the Spanish language it translates as the Church of San Carlos de las Cuatro Fuentes was built between 1638 and 1646. The facade was made by a nephew of Borromini named Bernardo Borromini in 1670.

St Peter's basilica the facade of this temple was made by Carlo Maderno and the dome by the famous Michelangelo with respect to Saint Peter's Square.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AXkJvHuIB9Q

It was designed by the architect Gian Lorenzo Bernini where you can see one hundred and forty huge columns and in each one you can see the statue of a saint.

Another large-scale religious temple is the Church of the Gesu built in 1568 by the architect Giacomo Vignola and Giacomo della Porta was completed in 1584.

France

One of the greatest works of Baroque Architecture is the Hospital des Invalides in the city of Paris. Most of this structure was built by the architect Bruant who was a liberal and the dome of the chapel was made by Jules Hardouin Mansart.

It was built as a hospital for war veterans between 1671 and 1678. It is currently the Museum of the French Army and of Contemporary History. In this enclosure are the remains of Emperor Napoleon Bonaparte.

Another of the magnificent works that demonstrate the opulence of Baroque Architecture is the Palace of Versailles, commissioned by King Louis XIV.

In the year 1660, most of this work, as well as the spectacular hall of mirrors, was carried out by the architect Jules Hardouin Mansart.

Since 1837 this architectural work has been open to the public as a museum. Other architects such as Louis Le Vau, Charles Le Brun, André Le Nôtre, Jacques Gabriel and Robert de Cotte also executed part of the works.

Austria

In this nation, one of the works of Baroque Architecture is the Church of San Carlos Borromeo in Vienna, commissioned by Emperor Charles VI after the last outbreak of the plague in that nation in the XNUMXth century.

The person in charge of carrying out this masterpiece was the architect Johann Bernhard Fischer von Erlach, who died before completing the structure in 1723, and it was completed by his son Joseph Emanuel.

Another of the works is the Schönbrun Palace in Vienna, it was the summer residence of the Habsburg kings, it is the Austrian version of the Palace of Versailles and was carried out by the same architect Johann Bernhard Fischer von Erlach.

After the fall of the Habsburgs in 1918 it became the property of Austria and is currently a museum open to the public.

Hungary

In this nation, the Jesuits were in charge of the construction referring to Baroque architecture among the most important buildings.

The Jesuit Church of Nagyszombat made by Pietro Spozzo, the Vaszinhaz theater made by Farkas Kempelen in the year 1786 and the Grassalkovich Castle which was the royal castle of Godollo created by Antal Grassalkovich in the year 1700.

Russia

It also received the influence of Italian Baroque architecture among the most important buildings in this artistic movement are.

The Smolny Cathedral and the Winter Palace both in Saint Petersburg and made by the same architect Bartolomeo Rastrelli.

Another of these architectural works is the Kunstkammer carried out in Saint Petersburg by the architects Mikhail Zemtsov, Georg Johann Marttarnovi, Nicolaus Herbel and Gaetano Chiaveria.

Germany

In this nation you can see the SansSouci Palace made under the orders of Frederick II to be a rest residence for the royal family and the residential Palace located in the town of Dresden.

America

Due to the discovery of the New World, Baroque Architecture not only spread throughout Europe but also reached the American continent through the Spanish, as evidenced in several architectural works, including La Capilla de Pocito in Guadalupe in the Mexican nation.

The structure was designed by the architect Francisco Guerrero y Torres at the end of the year 1700, being one of the first architectural works that will continue to be built on this continent.

Legacy of Baroque Architecture

This movement was one of the most important stylistic trends in the fine arts including Baroque architecture and the decoration of buildings between the end of the XNUMXth century and the middle of the XNUMXth century.

This Baroque Architecture was being established just as national States were being formed, the main monarchies in Europe being absolute, together with the growth of manufacturing companies that promoted the bourgeoisie to a new social class.

In addition, Catholicism was strengthened thanks to the counter-reformation, so Baroque Architecture was at its peak thanks to the power of the monarchy, the aristocracy and the Catholic Doctrine that allowed the spread of these beautiful buildings.

Demonstrating power and majesty as a political propaganda that glorified power and interacted with it through the landscape to create a different urbanism that was open and full of natural diversity.

Baroque architecture replaces the Renaissance and its qualities of order, so this new movement showed that man was no longer the center of the universe.

Rather, he was a complex individual inserted in a complex world with new experiences that allowed him to be open to the transformations and conflicts that he could obtain with nature, in addition to the rebellion of the bourgeois revolutions, the plebeian movements and the peasantry that was anti-feudal. .

Demonstrating the transformation that was made from that classicist order of the Renaissance to the new change of Baroque Architecture where everything is allowed as long as it allows a transformation of ideas that demonstrate power.

Conclusion

Baroque Architecture demonstrates various particularities according to the region where the movement takes place but with characteristics that stand out among them the predominance of natural light in architectural works.

At the end of the period of Baroque Architecture in the Spanish nation, Churrigueresque is an ornate decoration style that the family of architects José, Joaquín and Alberto Churriguera brought into vogue at the end of the XNUMXth century.

Therefore, Architecture demonstrates the success of ornament over the line as well as the use of geometric shapes using fantasy and not rationality.

The subjective is observed over the objective and the disordered in relation to the harmonious state of the works, forgetting ancient Rome and the Counter-Reformation tends to be part of this religious, political and intellectual transformation in order to combat the Protestant religion.

Baroque Architecture was used to renew the Catholic Church through the arts thanks to the absolute monarchies of the French and Spanish nations where architectural works that demonstrated power and majesty could be carried out.

As is the case of Louis XIV King of France and Philip III and IV also Spain succumbs to economic problems and France is responsible for matters related to politics.

The death of King Felipe II shows the break and fall of materialism with respect to commerce that spread artists to know new landscapes and new cultures to learn new cultures.

One of the premises of Baroque Architecture is the illusion transforming the false into the true where elements of theatricality were used in urban planning where the arts were united to demonstrate the great power of the rulers.

The ephemeral value of wealth was demonstrated, which is why the moment of recreation was valued, dressing the architectural events with pomp, decorating the buildings so that everything that could be observed was a spectacle in Baroque Architecture.

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